1,721,099 research outputs found
Associazione tra attaccamento in madri adottive e bambini adottati in seconda infanzia
No full textRelating to attachment paradigm studies, continuity/discontinuity of Internal Working Models
(IWM) of children attachment -from early infancy to subsequent ages-, becomes a relevant aspect, both at a theoretical and research level.
Nowadays, according to Bowlby’s hypothesis (Bowlby, 1988), researchers seem to agree on a
possible and partial ‘revision’ of MOI, after the new relational experiences.
From this point of view, a research field of a great interest is represented by adoption. This
institution, lets children with early, disappointing and adverse experiences, have a ‘new’ familiar
relationship, made of adults potentially able to be a strong ‘secure base’ and to give children a
supportive and affectively available contest (Steele, Hodges, Kaniuk, Hillman, Henderson, 2003;
Hodges, Steele, Hillman, Henderson, Kaniuk, 2003; Farina, Leifer, Chasnoff, 2004; Fava Vizziello & Simonelli, 2004).
This pilot-study is part of a wider research plan, which employs theoretical and methodological
instruments of the attachment theory. Firstly, the aim is to explore how much the actual state of the mind, secure regarding the attachment of the mothers, allows late-adopted children (from 4 to 7 years) to process insecure and/or disorganized attachment pattern, built on previous negativeexperiences, and to orient them toward more secure attachment pattern.
Secondly, from a clinic point of view, this study-action -through a huge set of instruments- wants to give to adoptive family and to operators, useful information about child cognitive and associate relational development, favoring the early identification of specific problematic areas and therefore the chance to act timely.
Therefore, a short longitudinal research plan has been elaborated that includes two surveys with
mothers and adoptive sons; the first one, approximately two months after the adoption and the
second one after six months from the first survey. In both meetings the adoptive dyads have been observed in a Procedure of Separation-Reunion Episodes (ESR, Main & Cassidy, 1988), to estimate the children attachment ‘behavior’.
Moreover, children were given the following instruments: the Manchester Child Attachment Story
Task (Green, Stanley, Smith, Goldwyn, 2000), a series of stories to be completed, it aims at
capturing the "representation" of children attachment; the Leiter-R Scale, a non verbal test of QI
measurement (Roid e Miller, 1997, 2002); the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised (PPVT-R, Dunn, Leota, Dunn, 2000), to esteem the receptive (auditory) dictionary of the child, as for the
standard Italian; the Family Drawing (DdF, Corman, 1970; Tambelli & Zavattini, 1998), in order to
evaluate the quality of the family representation.
The instruments used with adoptive mothers were: the Adult Attachment Interview, for the appraisal of the MOI of the attachment (AAI, George, Kaplan, Main, 1985); the Current Relationship Interview (CRI, Crowell & Owens, 1996), in order to explore the model of attachment regarding the couple; the Child Behaviour Check List (CBCL, Achenbach, 1992), in order to measure the maternal appraisal of the emotional-behavioural difficulties of sons.
This PhD thesis, far from being considered a full and exhaustive research on relationships of
attachment between adoptive mothers and late-adopted children, suggests itself as a pilot-study that proposes a useful research model to give a first observation of the frail post-adoption phase: we hope it will be the object of deeper, necessary study in the future
La revisione dei pattern d’attaccamento dei bambini late-adopted ed il ruolo del modello d’attaccamento delle madri adottive
No full textThe object of this study is to test the change of the internal working in lateadopted children taking into account the role of the security of attachment in the adoptive mothers. We assessed the attachment in 16 adoptive dyads and 12 biological dyads at two different times: T1 within 2 months from adoption and T2 six months after T1. We found out that there is a change towards security of attachment more in the adoptive children than in the not-adoptive children; moreover even if this result is not significant from a statistical point of view, we found out that there is an increase (from T1 to T2) in the concordance between the attachment model of the adoptive mothers and the attachment behavioural patterns of the late-adopted children. There is also a significant trend in the association between the attachment model of the adoptive mothers and the attachment representations of the adoptive children
La teoria dell'attaccamento nel lavoro clinico con i bambini. Colmare il divario tra ricerca e pratica clinica
No full textParte prima. Uso clinico delle valutazioni della ricerca sull’attaccamento
Capitolo 1. La valutazione della relazione madre-bambino. Applicazioni cliniche della Working Model of the Child Interview di Charles H. Zeanah.
Capitolo 2. Tenere nella mente il mondo interno del bambino. La valutazione dell'insightfulness di madri di bambini in un programma terapeutico per l’età-prescolare di Nina Koren-Karie, David Oppenheim e Douglas F. Goldsmith
Capitolo. 3. Interventi sui bambini maltrattati e sulle loro famiglie adottive. L’identificazione dei comportamenti che facilitano l’attaccamento di Steele, Hodges, Kaniuk, Steele, D’Agostino, Blom, Hillman, Henderson, 2007
Capitolo 4. La capacità di impegno del caregiver nelle cure affidatarie. Riflessioni da This is My Baby Interview. Mary Dozier, Damion Grasso, Oliver Lindhiem e Erin Lewis
Capitolo 5. La «risoluzione» genitoriale della diagnosi del bambino e la relazione genitore-figlio. Riflessioni sulla Reaction to Diagnosis Interview di David Oppenheim, Smadar Dolev, Nina Koren-Karie, Efrat Sher-Censor, Nurit Yirmiya e Shahaf Salomon.
Parte seconda. Teoria dell'attaccamento e psicoterapia.
Capitolo 6. Attaccamento e trauma. Un approccio integrato per trattare bambini esposti a violenza domestica di Amy L. Busch e Alicia F. Lieberman
Capitolo 7. Il Progetto del Circolo della Sicurezza. La presentazione di un caso clinico - «Addolora dare quello che non ha mai ricevuto» di Bert Powell, Glen Cooper, Kent Hoffman, Robert Marvin
Capitolo 8. Come contrastare i modelli operativi interni negativi dei bambini. Strategie di intervento attacchment-based all’interno di un progetto terapeutico per bambini in età prescolare di Douglas F. Goldsmith
Capitolo 9. Madre disorganizzata e bambino disorganizzato. La mentalizzazione della mancanza di regolazione affettiva e il cambiamento terapeutico di Arietta Slad
Multiple facets of attachment in residential-care, late adopted, and community adolescents: an interview-based comparative study
No full textIn this study, 117 adolescents (12–19 years) from three groups (39 each), two groups from adverse caregiving environments as placed in residential-care (RC; i.e. istitutions) or late-adopted (LA; i.e. adopted after 12 months), and one of low-risk community adolescents (COM), were compared for the attachment distribution of categories in the Friends and Family Interview (FFI), and in several attachment-related domains where RC and LA showed difficulties during childhood. Only institutionalized adolescents showed more insecure and disorganized categories than both late-adopted and community peers, who did not differ. In the attachment-related domains, only RCs showed lower coherence, reflective functioning, secure-base/safe-haven parents, social and school competence, adaptive response, and more parental anger and derogation than the other two groups. Late-adoptees only showed higher hostility towards sibling(s) than COM.Therefore, only residential-care adolescents were at “high-risk” in attachment, but the analysis of attachment-related domains helped to detect vulnerabilities in both groups
An attachment perspective on digital youths after the COVID-19 pandemic: research findings, challenges, and opportunities.
No full textYoung people today are known as Generations Z and Alpha because the internet has existed since their birth, and they cannot have memories outside of the digital age.
Attachment-oriented research and practice find new challenges to face with the young people of these generations, given potential misunderstandings and relational difficulties that could arise in the relationship between caregivers and professionals who have developed their attachment pattern in the non-digital world, and young people who have developed their attachment patterns in a digital-only world.
The lecture will focus on the phenomena of attachment in digital youths from multiple points of view: First, ongoing studies on the effects of digital abuse by parents on childhood attachment will be illustrated. Second, recent findings on multiple facets of attachment in digital youths will be reviewed, including their attachment to parents, peers, and within romantic relationships, aiming to reflect on similarities and differences with non-digital peers of past generations. In particular, recent findings on relationships between attachment and social media misuse during and after the COVID-19 pandemic will be compared to pre-pandemic ones. Third, risk pathways connecting attachment patterns of children and adolescents with their use of the internet and social media will be illustrated. Particular attention will be paid to highlighting the protective factors, mediators, and moderators of the harmful effects of insecure or disorganized attachment on the risk of presenting symptoms from the internet or social media disorder. Lastly, the applicative potential of the digital age for attachment-oriented interventions dedicated to adolescents will be illustrated
International late-adoption: assessing parent-child relationship through free-play interaction and attachment representations.
No full textInternational late-adoption: assessing parent-child relationship through free-play interaction and attachment representations.
Authors: Piermattei, C., Pace, C.S., Tambelli, R.
Introduction
The adoptive experience is considered an opportunity to experience a new relational environment that offers the possibility to revise early insecure or disorganized attachment in abused and/or neglected children (Van Ijzendoorn & Juffer 2006; Pace et al., 2012).
While attachment assessment allows to evaluate the internal representations of children and parents about their relationship, the observation of their the interaction allows to look at the specific way in which the two individuals co-construct the reality of their unique dyad (Sander 2007). Several studies have found a relation between the assessment of the interaction through dyadic emotion availability and infant attachment, although the strength of this association has been proved to be modest (Van Den Dries, Juffer et al. 2012).
The aim of this study was to evaluate the relation between attachment representations and dyadic emotional availability to deepen the understanding of the relational functioning of families with late-adopted children.
Method
The sample was composed of 18 Italian adoptive families recruited through health services and authorized agencies for international adoptions. Children were aged between 4.5 and 8.5 years and the time spent in the adoptive family ranged from 1 to 3 years.
Measures
Dyadic emotional availability was assessed through the Emotional Availability Scales (EAS), adult attachment through the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) and children attachment through the Manchester Attachment Story Task (MCAST).
Results and discussion
The attachment distribution of the parents shows an overrepresentation of insecure categories. The distribution of child attachment is 56% Secure (with respect to at least one parent), 22% Insecure, 22% Disorganized (with respect to at least one parent). Results reveal a matching between parental attachment models and children attachment patterns and a weak association between parental emotional availability and adult attachment classifications.
These outcomes indicate that insecure and disorganized attachment patterns of late-adopted children in the first 3 years after adoption may change; nonetheless, parental attachment security is not a sufficient condition. These data also suggest that free-play interactions may not necessarily lead to distress and therefore to the activation of the attachment/caregiving system, offering a possible explanation for the weak correlation between emotion availability and child attachment.
Keywords: late-adoptions, attachment representations, emotional availability, parent-child interaction
Uno studio preliminare sul funzionamento riflessivo degli adolescenti adottati: implicazioni cliniche
No full textUn’ampia letteratura ha messo in luce il collegamento tra un cattivo funzionamento della mentalizzazione e alcuni disturbi psicologici in età adulta ed evolutiva (Sharp e Venta, 2012). Molto meno è noto rispetto alla capacità di mentalizzare degli adolescenti adottati tardivamente che, date le loro relazioni di attaccamento precoci gravemente compromesse, potrebbero rappresentare una popolazione portatrice di particolari vulnerabilità nel funzionamento riflessivo (FR). Questo contributo si propone l’obiettivo di esaminare quanto sia variabili descrittive (età, genere, scuola frequentata, numero di fratelli), sia variabili legate all’adozione (età al momento del collocamento, paese d’origine, durata dell’adozione, istituzionalizzazione) possano esercitare un’influenza sul funzionamento riflessivo di un gruppo di 36 adolescenti che al momento dell’adozione avevano tutti più di 4 anni.
La capacità riflessiva è stata valutata attraverso la Friend and Family Interview, che misura il FR comprendendo tre dimensioni: la prospettiva evolutiva (PE), la teoria della mente (ToM) e la diversità dei sentimenti (DS). I dati hanno mostrato che le variabili legate all’adozione non sono correlate ai punteggi di funzionamento riflessivo eccetto una correlazione tra la durata dell’inserimento e la DS (amico). Delle variabili descrittive, l’età al momento della valutazione risulta correlata positivamente sia con la ToM (madre, fratello, amico, insegnante), sia con la DS (madre, fratello, amico), mentre le ragazze mostrano punteggi superiori nella PE (U Mann Whitney=84,000, p<.05) e nella DS (amico, U Mann Whitney=69,000, p<.01). Non emergono differenze di FR rispetto alla numerosità della fratria.
Questi risultati evidenziano che tra gli adolescenti adottati, come emerso negli studi con campioni normativi, l’essere più grandi di età e l’appartenenza al genere femminile rappresentino fattori che favoriscono una migliore espressione delle abilità di mentalizzazione
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