1,720,993 research outputs found
University funding: a comparison between Italy and England
No full textAccording to Aghion et al. (2007, 2008, 2010), the research performance of universities is positively correlated to the amount of budget per student. Italian universities usually perform poorly in international rankings, while the English university system is widely recognized as one of the best in the world. In this paper, Italian university funding is discussed by comparing data from the consolidated financial statements of English and Italian universities. Our main results indicate that English universities are on average much better funded than Italian universities, from both public and private sources, but there are no noticeable differences in the amount of block grants per FTE student received by the State (FFO and Recurrent Grants, data 2007/08). There are differences, however, in the share of the block grant distributed competitively after an independent quality assessment of research activity. In England, this share amounts on average to roughly one quarter of the grant. In Italy, a quality assessment has recently been introduced but it involves only 7% of the grant. The gap in the total available resources between the two university systems is due to two other main sources: student fees and research funding. The gap in research funding is both quantitative and in the way in which resources are allocated. In England, research funds amount to 47% of the block grant, while in Italy the share is only 21%. In particular, the amount of public funds available for research is 12.5 times higher than in Italy, a huge difference. More importantly, two thirds of total research funds are awarded through peer review and open competition, compared to Italy’s one fourth. The lack of funds and the lack of incentive effects due to the limited role of open and competitive allocation of resources can explain the poor research performance of the Italian university system
Per la ricerca risorse scarse e poco competitive
No full textI problemi dell'università italiana non dipendono solo dai tagli al Fondo di finanziamento ordinario decisi dal governo. Altrettanto importanti sono le risorse, pubbliche e private, destinate a finanziare le attività di ricerca. Il confronto con l'Inghilterra fa emergere come siano particolarmente scarse in Italia. E come quelle che pur esistono vengano allocate in gran parte con procedure non competitive
Reputazione ed efficienza. Crescita e concentrazione nell'industria europea degli elettrodomestici bianchi
No full textAnalisi dell'evoluzione dell'industria europea degli elettrodemistici bianchi. Studio del ruolo della reputazione dei marchi e delle economie di scala nel processo di concentrazione industriale. Analisi delle tecniche di produzione, dell'organizzazione del lavoro e della loro modificazione nel tempo negli impianti di produzione delle imprese italiane
Gli effetti previsti del completamento del Mercato Unico: il settore tessile-abbigliamento
No full textCommento al saggio di Pierluigi Ciocca. Il protagonista dimenticato: l'Italia dei distretti
No full textIl saggio di Ciocca trascura il ruolo dei distretti industriali nella storia economica italiana del dopoguerra. Per dimostrare la loro importanza, nel commento viene presentato un confronto tra la matrice degli spillover dei sistemi locali del lavoro nel periodo 1971-1991, basata sul lavoro di Forni e Paba (2002), e la stessa matrice stimata per il periodo 1991-2001. Si mostra come le esternalità dinamiche abbiano caratterizzato l'Italia dei distretti nel ventennio settanta e ottanta, contribuendo alla crescita del reddito del paese nello stesso periodo. Nel decennio successivo, al contrario, i legami dinamici inter e intra-industriali al livello dei sistemi locali del lavoro si sono profondamente attenuati. La crisi e la trasformazione del sistema dei distretti può in parte spiegare il rallentamento della crescita della produttività nel settore manifatturiero italiano a partire dagli anni novanta fino al periodo attuale
'Brand-naming' as an Entry Strategy in the White Goods Industry
No full textThis paper focuses on a particular type of export sale of manufactured goods: the supply of final products to a foreign firm which produces the same or similar goods and which markets this prearranged supply under its own brand labels. Such "brand-naming" agreements cannot be described either as a typical subcontracting agreement or as a simple cooperative arrangement between independent firms. The aim of this study is to show how the use of this practice, as an entry strategy into markets protected by high product differentiation barriers due to brand asymmetries, helped the Italian white goods industry to rise to world prominence
BRAND REPUTATION, EFFICIENCY AND THE CONCENTRATION PROCESS: A CASE STUDY
No full textThe evidence from the European white goods industry, discussed in this paper, shows that once a brand segmentation of the market turns out to be sufficiently stable that is when brand-quality reputation becomes an important factor in the competitive game. It represents a strong inertial factor in the growth of firms even if market structure is far from being efficient in terms of plant size. The paper shows how the inertial role of brands has strongly affected the route of industrial concentration: it has been an incentive to mergers and takeovers rather than to internal growth, particularly when demand stabilized
Teoria delle connessioni e sviluppo del Mezzogiorno. Alcuni risultati di un'indagine sull'industria della Sardegna
No full text
- …
