355 research outputs found
Multiple Colonization with S. pneumoniae before and after Introduction of the Seven-Valent Conjugated Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine
No full textBackground: Simultaneous carriage of more than one strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae promotes horizontal gene
transfer events and may lead to capsule switch and acquisition of antibiotic resistance. We studied the epidemiology of cocolonization with S. pneumoniae before and after introduction of the seven-valent conjugated pneumococcal vaccine(PCV7).
Methodology: Nasopharyngeal swabs (n 1120) were collected from outpatients between 2004 and 2009 within an ongoing
nationwide surveillance program. Cocolonization was detected directly from swabs by restriction fragment length
polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Serotypes were identified by agglutination, multiplex PCR and microarray.
Principal Findings: Rate of multiple colonization remained stable up to three years after PCV7 introduction. Cocolonization was associated with serotypes of low carriage prevalence in the prevaccine era. Pneumococcal colonization density was higher in cocolonized samples and cocolonizing strains were present in a balanced ratio (median 1.38). Other characteristics of cocolonization were a higher frequency at young age, but no association with recurrent acute otitis media, recent antibiotic exposure, day care usage and PCV7 vaccination status.
Conclusions: Pneumococcal cocolonization is dominated by serotypes of low carriage prevalence in the prevaccine era,
which coexist in the nasopharynx. Emergence of such previously rare serotypes under vaccine selection pressure may promote cocolonization in the future
Ancora e sempre. Italo Valent e la formula del pensiero
No full textAncora e sempre suona come il motto araldico di un’impresa pervicace, paziente ed ostinata. Il saggio descrive lo scavo dialettico che Italo Valent compie nell’opera di Wittgenstein. La formula, meditatamente aforistica, è la chiave con cui il filosofo esplora i temi wittgensteiniani a livello sia del metodo che dello stile; è anche, nella sua natura avverbiale ed endiadica – dove il sempre depotenzia la piega dell’ancora, ma l’ancora inquieta la continuità del sempre – la modulazione di una pratica di pensiero che esprime il lavoro svolto dall’autore sui testi di Wittgenstein e, insieme, la forma singolare della sua scrittura filosofica, dove l’aforisma mostra proprio quell’esuberanza del pensare sul dire da cui muove l’impresa della filosofia. Ecco che l’itinerario attraverso quello che Valent chiama lo stile speculativo di Wittgenstein permette di riconoscere l’attività in cui consiste la filosofia: dal combattimento con il linguaggio che compendia contenuto, metodo e stile della filosofia wittgensteiniana emerge l’autonomia del pensiero rispetto alla volontà di comunicazione, alle prestazioni sociali del discorso e alle regole della logica. Si rivela così l’originaria atopìa del filosofo, la sua collocazione tattica fuori luogo rispetto ai ruoli della società, alle etichette della cultura e agli effetti delle pratiche dei discorsi e dei saperi."Ancora e sempre"(Immer wieder) sounds like the heraldic motto of a tenacious, patient and obstinate enterprise. The essay describes the dialectical excavation that Italo Valent carries out in Wittgenstein's work. The formula, thoughtfully aphoristic, is the key with which the philosopher explores Wittgensteinian themes at the level of both method and style; it is also, in its adverbial and hendiadic nature - where the "sempre"(always) weakens the fold of the "ancora"(again), but the "ancora"(again) disturbs the continuity of the "sempre"(always) - the modulation of a practice of thought that expresses the work carried out by the author on Wittgenstein's texts and, at the same time, the singular form of his philosophical writing, where the aphorism shows precisely that exuberance of thinking about saying from which the enterprise of philosophy moves. Here the itinerary through what Valent calls Wittgenstein’s speculative style allows us to recognize the activity in which philosophy consists: from the fight with the language that summarizes the content, method and style of Wittgensteinian philosophy emerges the autonomy of thought with respect to the will to communicate, to the social performances of discourse and to the rules of logic. Thus the original atopy of the philosopher is revealed, his tactical positioning out of place with respect to the roles of society, to the labels of culture and to the effects of the practices of discourses and knowledge
Sender, those who have not returned : Carlo Salsa and his ‘Trenches’
No full textCarlo Salsa’s book ‘Trenches: A foot-soldier’s tales’ (Trincee. Confidenze di un fante, 1924) was one of many published in Italy after the end of the First World War. It describes the facts of the war as they were lived by officers and soldiers on the Italian front line. The article tries to compare the book with the contemporary war literature in Italy and in Europe, without forgetting the use of the international historiography on the matter. Thus, it is analysed the way an Italian author described to his readers the brutal carnage of the war in years when Fascism was the rising star in Italian policy and the censorship was becoming the more and more a thornily factor for every writer of those days. From this analysis it is possible to note the quality of the volume both from the literary point of view, and its historical value as a reliable testimony of the facts, stepping up our knowledge of what the war literature was for the Italian public opinion after the 1918. As it is possible to note, the book puts under test our notions of the role played by this kind of literature in shaping the Italian political life at the end of the 1910s and at the start of 1920s, when Italy was becoming a country lead by the Fascist regime
Tra politica e campo di battaglia. Genesi e forme dell’Armistizio di Villa Giusti (1-3 novembre 1918) nelle carte di Pietro Gazzera
No full textThis article analyses the events that led to the signing of the armistice between
the Italian and Austro-Hungarian delegations at Villa Giusti, in Padua,
on 3 November 1918. It examines the facts through the lens of an unpublished
report written by one of the members of the Italian delegation, the then
Colonel Pietro Gazzera, preserved at the Gazzera Foundation archives in
Turin. Drawing on it, the article better defi nes the events that took place at
Villa Giusti. Above all, it places these events within the broader panorama of
the political-diplomatic relations between the Italian representatives at the
Supreme Inter-Allied War Council in Versailles and the Allies of the Entente,
and the primacy of politics over military matters, demonstrating how the will
of Italian and Allied politicians aff ected the events of those turbulent days
both on the front and during the talks between Italians and Austro-Hungarian
at Villa Giusti. On this basis, the author rejects the accusations – evoked
still today by parts of the German historiography – of Italian subterfuge
and deception for achieving the destruction of the Austro-Hungarian armies,
and a prompt dissolution of Vienna’s remaining political capacity, easing the
complete disintegration of the Habsburg empire
Disaster governance and democracy: Meta-legal Praxis in L’Aquila (Italy)
No full textThe chapter examines the post-earthquake management in L’Aquila (2009).It aims at demonstrating that the application of global models of territorial policies at the local scalehas resulted in a model of disaster governance which tends to overcome law and democratic principles, while exclusively prioritising efficiency and celerity. The author has coined the term ‘meta-legal’ to define these practices because they go beyond current legislation -though without formally contravening it- through the use of governmental commissioners, special powers, and exceptions to the ordinary legislation. This chapter offers a novel approach to disaster governance, which is framed in the critical theory tradition, by combining the concepts of "state of exception" and "permanent derogation"
Effectiveness of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against radiologically diagnosed pneumonia in indigenous infants in Australia
No full textObjective To evaluate the effectiveness of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) in preventing pneumonia, diagnosed radiologically according to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, among indigenous infants in the Northern Territory of Australia
Antigen-specific B-cell response to 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in asplenic individuals with β-thalassemia previously immunized with 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine
No full textCurrent guidelines recommend a combined schedule of a 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) and PPSV23 (23-valent polysaccharide vaccine) for asplenic individuals. We show that PCV13 induces a T-dependent immune response in asplenic individuals with β-thalassemia, but previous PPSV23s affect the memory B-cell response in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT01846923. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved
APLIKASI PENGOLAHAN DATA PENJUALAN BARANG DAN KLAIM DISKON PADA PT PENTA VALENT CABANG PALEMBANG
No full textTo get quality information is needed in the implementation of data processing technology to meet the demands to fast and precise data in any organization or agency, one of them at PT Penta Valent Palembang. At PT Penta Valent Palembang in doing data processing of goods sales and discount claim is still a simple way. Therefore we need an application that can assist the part of sales administration in managing data of goods sales and discount claim. From the above discussion, the author draw conclusion that need to build a very useful application for PT Penta Valent Palembang in troubleshooting on data processing of goods sales and discount claim, is Application for Data Processing of Goods Sales and Discount Claim at PT Penta Valent Palembang using PHP and MySQL as database. This application is expected to help in improve the employee performance of sales administration at PT Penta Valent Palembang
Generalizations of p-valent functions via the hadamard product
No full textThe classes of univalent prestarlike functions Rα, α≥−1, of Ruscheweyh [1] and a certain generalization of Rα were studied recently by Al-Amiri [2]. The author studies, among other things, the classes of p-valent functions R(α+p−1) where p is a positive integer and α is any integer with α+p>0. The author shows in particular that R(α+p)⊂R(α+p−1) and also obtains the radius of R(α+p) for the class R(α+p−1)
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