1,245 research outputs found
Differential eye movements and greater pupil size during mental scene construction in autobiographical recall
No full textThere is growing evidence supporting a role for eye movements during autobiographical recall, but their potential functionality remains unclear. We hypothesise that the oculomotor system facilitates the process of mental scene construction, in which complex scenes associated with an autobiographical event are generated and maintained during recall. To explore this, we examined spontaneous eye movements during retrieval of cued autobiographical memories. Participants’ verbal descriptions of each memory were recorded in synchronisation with their eye movements and pupil size during recall. For each memory participants described the place (details of the environment where the event took place) and the event (details of what happened). Narratives were analyzed using the Autobiographical Interview procedure, which separated internal spatial (place) and non-spatial (event, thoughts and emotion) details. Eye movements during recall of spatial details had significantly higher fixation duration and smaller saccade amplitude and peak velocity, and a higher number of consecutive unidirectional saccades, in comparison to recall of non-spatial details. Recurrence quantification analysis indicated longer sequences of refixations and more repetitions of the same fixation pattern when participants described spatial details. Recall of spatial details was also associated with significantly greater pupil area. Overall findings are consistent with the spontaneous production of more structured saccade patterns and greater cognitive load during the recall of internal spatial episodic scene details in comparison to episodic non-spatial details. These results are consistent with the oculomotor system facilitating the activation and correct positioning of elements of a complex scene relative to other imagined elements during autobiographical recall
Differential Eye Movements During the Autobiographical Recall of Places, Events, and Thoughts/Emotions
No full textRecent research has suggested an important role of eye movements for spatial scene construction during autobiographical recall. In the current study we asked 18 students from the University of Trieste to retrieve recent or distant autobiographical events in response to 6 cue words. Participants sat in front of a blank screen and eye movements were recorded while they described the place and event associated with each memory. Memories were classified using the Autobiographical Interview procedure in recall periods corresponding to the event, place, and thought/emotion descriptions. Comparison of fixations and saccades across these recall periods showed statistically significant differences in the following parameters. The duration of fixations during place descriptions was longer than that of event descriptions and thought/emotion descriptions. The number of fixations per second and saccadic amplitudes were lower during place descriptions in respect to the event descriptions and thought/emotion descriptions. Finally, the number of consecutive saccades in the same direction was higher during place descriptions in respect to the event descriptions and thought/emotion descriptions. This pattern of results is compatible with an exploratory behaviour produced during the recall of places characterized by sequences of short saccades in the same direction and longer fixation periods. Instead, remembering details about thoughts, emotions and events is characterized by larger and random saccades, and short fixations. These results support the hypothesis that autobiographical memory triggers specific eye movements associated with the reconstruction of visuo-spatial layout of scenes
Semantic priming between words and iconic gestures
No full textThe interaction between words and gesture meanings was
highlighted in two experiments with a priming paradigm. The
results converge in showing the peculiarities of the two
meaning systems, thus supporting the Information Packaging
Hypothesis (Kita, 2000) against the Lexical Retrieval
Hypothesis (Butterworth & Hadar, 1989)
Weighted inequalities for Hardy-Steklov operators
No full textWe characterize the pairs of weights (v, w) for which the operator Tf(x) = g(x) ∫s(x)h(x) f with s and h increasing and continuous functions is of strong type (p, q) or weak type (p, q) with respect to the pair (v, w) in the case 0 < q < p and 1 < p < ∞. The result for the weak type is new while the characterizations for the strong type improve the ones given by H. P. Heinig and G. Sinnamon, In particular, we do not assume differentiability properties on s and h and we obtain that the strong type inequality (p, q), q < p, is characterized by the fact that the function Φ(x) = sup (∫cd gqw) 1/p (∫s(d)h(c) v1-p′) 1/p′ belongs to Lr(gqw), where 1/r = 1/q - 1/q and the supremum is taken over all c and d such that c ≤ x ≤ d and s(d) ≤ h(c).Fil: Bernardis, Ana Lucia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Matemática Aplicada del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Matemática Aplicada del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Martín Reyes, Francisco Javier. Universidad de Málaga; EspañaFil: Salvador, P. Ortega. Universidad de Málaga; Españ
Bubble dynamics and related acoustics
No full textThe motion of a bubble of gas and vapour in an isochoric, inviscid liquid is
numerically investigated in free space or in presence of a free surface and
a gravitational force.
The corresponding acoustic emission is evaluated and its relation with
the bubble motion is discussed.
The liquid is at rest at the initial time and, as a consequence, the flow is
irrotational at any time.
The bubble motion is described in terms of velocity potential.
In order to evaluate the potential inside the flowfield, given its values and
the normal velocities on the corresponding boundary, the classical integral
representation is used.
The normal velocity is then obtained by solving an integral equation.
The pressure inside the bubble is assumed uniform and is related to the bubble
volume \cVs by the simplest state equation:
p_B(t) = p_V + p_{G0} \cVs(0)/\cVs(t), and being the vapour and
gas pressure at .
The corresponding pressure on the liquid face of the bubble boundary \cBf
follows as p(\xv;t) = p_B(t) - 2 S/R_m(\xv;t), being the surface
tension and the mean curvature radius.
Once the pressure on the bubble boundary is known, the Bernoulli law is used
in order to integrate in time the boundary values of the potential.
The sound speed in the liquid being infinity, the acoustic pressure at
place \xv_0 and at time is evaluated by neglecting differences in the
emission times.
By indicating with the outward normal component of the velocity,
is computed as:
p'(\xv_0;t)
= - \ds{\frac{\rho_L}{4\pi}} \ds{\frac{d}{dt}}
\ds{\int_{\mbox{\fo $\cBf$}(t)}} dS(\xv;t) \hspace{1mm}
\ds{\frac{u_n(\xv;t)}{|\xv-\xv_o|}} \hspace{1mm},
%
being the liquid density.
Comparisons with the acoustics induced by a spherical bubble are also discussed.
As an interesting sample case, in the figures below the planar wave propagating
at velocity in the -direction:
crosses a spherical bubble with center on the origin (bubble radius mm,
Pa, N/m, kg/m,
Pa, , mm, m/s).
Lengths are nondimensionalized with the bubble radius, times with the period
( ms) of the free oscillations of the bubble and masses by means
of .
Bubble shapes at times (green lines) and (red) are drawn in figure
, while the acoustic pressure in three positions ( blue line,
red and green) is drawn vs. time in figure .
%Note that the curvature of the bubble boundary grows to infinity at a finite
time, in absence of viscous dissipation.
This singular behaviour leads to an intense acoustic emission
Unbiased estimation of an angular power spectrum
No full text{We discuss the derivation of the analytic properties of the cross-power
spectrum estimator from multi-detector CMB anisotropy maps. The method
is computationally convenient and it provides unbiased estimates under
very broad assumptions. We also propose a new procedure for testing for
the presence of residual bias due to inappropriate noise subtraction in
pseudo-C\_ell estimates. We derive the analytic behaviour of this
procedure under the null hypothesis, and use Monte Carlo simulations to
investigate its efficiency properties, which appear very promising. For
instance, for full sky maps with isotropic white noise, the test is able
to identify an error of 1\% on the noise amplitude estimate.
Exploring cosmic origins with CORE: The instrument
No full textPdB acknowledges support from University of Rome La Sapienza (project “Cosmologia di Precisione 2015”) and from the Italian Space Agency (Agreement 2016-019-H.0 “Kinetic Inductance Detectors for Space”). CJM is supported by an FCT Research Professorship, contract reference IF/00064/2012, funded by FCT/MCTES (Portugal) and POPH/FSE (EC). C.H.-M. acknowledges the financial support of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness via I+D project AYA-2015-66211-C2-2-P. GDZ acknowledges the financial support of ASI/INAF agreement n. 2014-024-R.1. J.G.N. acknowledges financial support from the Spanish MINECO for a “Ramon y Cajal” fellowship (RYC-2013-13256) and the I+D 2015 project AYA2015-65887-P (MINECO/FEDER). F.J.C., E.M.-G. and P.V. acknowledge support from the Spanish Ministerio de Econom´ıa y Competitividad project ESP2015-70646- C2-1-R co-financed with EU FEDER funds.De Bernardis, P., Ade, P.A.R., Baselmans, J.J.A., Battistelli, E.S., Benoit, A., Bersanelli, M., Bideaud, A., Calvo, M., Casas, F.J., Castellano, M.G., Catalano, A., Charles, I., Colantoni, I., Columbro, F., Coppolecchia, A., Crook, M., D'Alessandro, G., Petris, M.D., Delabrouille, J., Doyle, S., Franceschet, C., Gomez, A., Goupy, J., Hanany, S., Hills, M., Lamagna, L., Macias-Perez, J., Maffei, B., Martin, S., Martinez-Gonzalez, E., Masi, S., McCarthy, D., Mennella, A., Monfardini, A., Noviello, F., Paiella, A., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Pisano, G., Signorelli, G., Tan, C.Y., Tartari, A., Trappe, N., Triqueneaux, S., Tucker, C., Vermeulen, G., Young, K., Zannoni, M., Achúcarro, A., Allison, R., Artall, E., Ashdown, M., Ballardini, M., Banday, A.J., Banerji, R., Bartlett, J., Bartolo, N., Basak, S., Bonaldi, A., Bonato, M., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F., Boulanger, F., Brinckmann, T., Bucher, M., Burigana, C., Buzzelli, A., Cai, Z.Y., Carvalho, C.S., Challinor, A., Chluba, J., Clesse, S., Gasperis, G.D., Zotti, G.D., Valentino, E.D., Diego, J.M., Errard, J., Feeney, S., Fernandez-Cobos, R., Finelli, F., Forastieri, F., Galli, S., Génova-Santos, R., Gerbino, M., González-Nuevo, J., Hagstotz, S., Greenslade, J., Handley, W., Hernández-Monteagudo, C., Hervias-Caimapo, C., Hivon, E., Kiiveri, K., Kisner, T., Kitching, T., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lasenby, A., Lattanzi, M., Lesgourgues, J., Lewis, A., Liguori, M., Lindholm, V., Luzzi, G., Martins, C.J.A.P., Matarrese, S., Melchiorri, A., Melin, J.B., Molinari, D., Natoli, P., Negrello, M., Notari, A., Paoletti, D., Patanchon, G., Polastri, L., Polenta, G., Pollo, A., Poulin, V., Quartin, M., Remazeilles, M., Roman, M., Rubiño-Martín, J.A., Salvati, L., Tomasi, M., Tramonte, D., Trombetti, T., Väliviita, J., De Weyjgaert, R.V., Tent, B.V., Vennin, V., Vielva, P., Vittorio, N
Body perception treatment, a possible way to treat body image disturbance in eating disorders: a case-control efficacy study
No full textThe body image disturbance (BID) is a common symptom in eating disorders, often observed and described in anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN). Recently, this symptom has also been observed in binge eating disorder (BED). The research underlines that the BID presents three different altered components: affective, cognitive, and perceptual one. Current treatments for BID have mainly focused on the affective and cognitive components. Nowadays, the need emerges for treatments focused also on the perceptual component of the BID. In this paper, we present the results of an efficacy study on the body perception treatment (BPT), a new treatment for BID focused on the perceptual component of the disorder
CMB polarization systematics, cosmological birefringence, and the gravitational waves background
No full textCosmic microwave background experiments must achieve very accurate calibration of their polarization reference frame to avoid biasing the cosmological parameters. In particular, a wrong or inaccurate calibration might mimic the presence of a gravitational wave background, or a signal from cosmological birefringence, a phenomenon characteristic of several nonstandard, symmetry breaking theories of electrodynamics that allow for in vacuo rotation of the polarization direction of the photon. Noteworthly, several authors have claimed that the BOOMERanG 2003 (B2K) published polarized power spectra of the cosmic microwave background may hint at cosmological birefringence. Such analyses, however, do not take into account the reported calibration uncertainties of the BOOMERanG focal plane. We develop a formalism to include this effect and apply it to the BOOMERanG dataset, finding a cosmological rotation angle α=-4.3°±4.1°. We also investigate the expected performances of future space borne experiment, finding that an overall miscalibration larger then 1°for Planck and 0.2° for the Experimental Probe of Inflationary Cosmology, if not properly taken into account, will produce a bias on the constraints on the cosmological parameters and could misleadingly suggest the presence of a gravitational waves background. © 2009 The American Physical Society
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