274 research outputs found
One decision at a time or the whole path at once? When the way information is provided affect prostate cancer decision making
No full textTo have or not to have PSA test? Is the decision affected by whether information is presented sequentially vs. all-at-once?
No full textPurpose: An essential prerequisite of patient decision making is that the patient must be fully informed, especially when the decision is a preference-sensitive one, such as whether to undergo prostate cancer screening. However, the way information is provided to individuals might affect their decision. In the present studies, we examined the effect of two information presentation methods on people’s willingness to undergo screening depending on whether the information was presented all-at-once or as a series of sequential decisions.
Method: Participants indicated their willingness to engage in each behavior either right after reading each piece of information (sequential) or after reading all information.
Result: Study 1 examined decision making for a generic cancer on a sample of 336 participants (n = 218 females; age 25 to 71, M = 38.06, SD = 11.24). Relative to when the information was presented all at once, when the presentation was sequential, individuals showed a higher willingness to undergo the screening tests, both blood test (M = 4.07 vs. 4.52, t (334) = -2.52, p = .012) and biopsy (M = 3.66 vs. 4.07, t (334) = -2.09, p = .037), but also a stronger preference for watchful waiting (M = 3.29 vs. 2.65, t (334) = 3.33, p = .001). Study 2 investigated specifically prostate cancer, with a bigger ( N = 1541) and more specific sample (only male participants; age 40 to 71, M = 54.51, SD = 8.27), providing detailed and longer information, similarly to a patient decision aid. The effect of the two presentation methods disappeared (i.e., the differences between conditions were no longer significant) when the complexity of the information provided was increased, the target cancer was identified, and the respondents were in the age range to which the screening is usually proposed.
Conclusion: The results from Study 1 suggest that presenting information sequentially or all at once can affect decision making, in line with previous findings highlighting the potential effect of the way in which information is provided on people’s decision. However, in Study 2 the way in which information was presented did not affect prostate cancer screening decisions. Possible explanations are discussed, among which: a) limited vs. extensive information; b) generic vs. specific topic; and c) gender and age restrictions on the sample
sj-docx-2-mdm-10.1177_0272989X211028563 – Supplemental material for Preparing Patients with Early Stage Prostate Cancer to Participate in Clinical Appointments Using a Shared Decision Making Training Video
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-2-mdm-10.1177_0272989X211028563 for Preparing Patients with Early Stage Prostate Cancer to Participate in Clinical Appointments Using a Shared Decision Making Training Video by Karen Scherr, Rebecca K. Delaney, Peter Ubel, Valerie C. Kahn, Daniel Hamstra, John T. Wei and Angela Fagerlin in Medical Decision Making</p
sj-docx-1-mdm-10.1177_0272989X211028563 – Supplemental material for Preparing Patients with Early Stage Prostate Cancer to Participate in Clinical Appointments Using a Shared Decision Making Training Video
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-mdm-10.1177_0272989X211028563 for Preparing Patients with Early Stage Prostate Cancer to Participate in Clinical Appointments Using a Shared Decision Making Training Video by Karen Scherr, Rebecca K. Delaney, Peter Ubel, Valerie C. Kahn, Daniel Hamstra, John T. Wei and Angela Fagerlin in Medical Decision Making</p
Professor email signature on student perception of professor credibility, approachability, immediacy, and student level of respect for professor
No full textProfessor Email Signature on Student Perception of Credibility, Approachability, Immediacy, and Respect for Professor Grace Hildenbrand - Communication Department Mentor: Dr. Sarah Ubel - Washburn University Literature Review • Male professors addressed by title were seen as having higher status and being more accessible than female professors addressed by title (Takiff et al., 2001). • Professors were viewed as having higher status if they were male and addressed by title versus first name (Stewart et al., 2003). • “Doctor” resulted in the best overall perception of professor based on the titles: doctor, Mr./Mrs., dean, professor, and last name only (Ellis & Travis, 2007). • Formal title resulted in greater perceived credibility for those formally dressed, while informal title resulted in greater perceived credibility for those informally dressed (Sebastian & Bristow, 2008). Study Purpose This study examined the effect that a professor’s email signature has on students’ perception of the professor regarding credibility, approachability, immediacy, and level of respect for professor. Hypotheses H1: Students’ perceptions of professor credibility will significantly differ depending on the type of email signature the professor uses. H2: Students’ perceptions of professor approachability will significantly differ depending on the type of email signature the professor uses. H3: Students’ perceptions of professor immediacy will significantly differ depending on the type of email signature the professor uses. H4: Students’ level of respect of professor will significantly differ depending on the type of email signature the professor uses. Variables Independent Variable Each participant read one set of three emails from • A male (John) or female (Lisa) professor • Signed as Dr. Jones, Professor Jones or John/Lisa Dependent Variables • McCroskey & Teven’s (1999) Measure of Ethos/Credibility • Porter et al.’s (2007) Approachability Scale • Rester & Edwards’ (2007) Excessive Use of Immediacy Scale • Martinez-Egger & Power’s (2007) Student Respect for Teacher Scale Results A factorial 3 x 2 (email signature x sex of professor) ANOVA revealed no interaction affect between the email signature and the sex of the professor on any of the dependent variables. None of the hypotheses were supported. The factorial ANOVA indicated a significant main effect for the sex of the professor with credibility: F(1, 110) = 6.26, p = .014 and approachability: F(1, 110) = 5.68, p = .019. The factorial ANOVA for male participants indicated an interaction effect for approachability: F(2, 41) = 3.75, p = .033. The factorial ANOVA for female participants indicated a significant main effect for the sex of the professor with credibility: F(1, 69) = 4.48, p = .038 and approachability: F(1, 69) = 4.59, p = .036 Discussion • Professor email signature does not have a significant impact on student perceptions of professor for any of the dependent variables. • Students may not care or pay attention to how professors sign their email. • Female participants rated the female professor as less credible and approachable than the male professor. • Women may evaluate female professors less favorably than male professors on credibility and approachability because they may have internalized gendered stereotypes more than men, resulting in different evaluations of the professors. Limitations Limitations for this study include: • small sample size N = 110 • disproportionate number of male and female participants male = 37.3% female = 62.7% • unequal distribution of stimuli ranging from 12.4%-23% Future Research Ideas for future research include: a similar qualitative study, a similar study analyzing additional email signatures, and a similar study in a corporate environment. References Ellis, V. S., & Travis, J. E. (2007). Professional titles in higher education: Do they matter to students? College Student Journal, 41(4), 1168-1183. Martinez-Egger, A. D., & Powers, W. G. (2007). Student respect for a teacher: Measurement and relationships to teacher credibility and classroom behavior perceptions. Human Communication, 10(2), 145-155. McCroskey, J. C., & Teven, J. J. (1999). Goodwill: A reexamination of the construct and its measurement. Communication Monographs, 66(1), 90-103. Porter, H.; Wrench, J. S.; & Hoskinson, C. (2007). The influence of supervisor temperament on subordinate job satisfaction and perceptions of supervisor sociocommunicative orientation and approachability. Communication Quarterly, 55(1), 129-153. Rester, C. H., & Edwards, R. (2007). Effects of sex and setting on students’ interpretation of teachers’ excessive use of immediacy. Communication Education, 56, 34-53. Sebastian, R. J., & Bristow, D. (2008). Formal or informal? The impact of style and dress and forms of address on business students’ perceptions of professors. Journal of Education for Business, 83(4), 196-202. Stewart, T. L., Berkvens, M., Engles, W. A. E. W., & Pass, J. A. (2003). Status and likability: Can the “mindful” woman have it all? Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 33(10), 2040-2059. Takiff, H.A, Sanchez, D.T., & Stewart, T.L. (2001). What’s in a name? The status implications of students’ terms of address for male and female professors. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 25(2), 134-144. Methods A convenience sample of 110 undergraduate students enrolled in basic communication courses at Washburn University completed the survey on the Surveymonkey website. After reading an IRB approved consent form, participants were presented with the experiment stimulus (a posttest-only experimental design). Participants then completed four scales for dependent variables and demographic questions. Results were analyzed using SPSS.This is a quantitative study examining the influence of professor email signature on student perception of professor credibility, approachability, immediacy, and student level of respect for professor. The email signatures being studied include: "Dr.", "Professor", and first name. Participants will be undergraduate students enrolled in a basic communication course. They will fill out a quantitative online survey consisting of informed consent, stimuli, measurements of dependent variables, and demographic information. The results of this study will provide insight for professors to see how to create a positive learning environment for their students
Supplemental Material, QPL_Booklet_(Reference_Copy) - Neurodevelopmental Risk: A Tool to Enhance Conversations With Families of Infants
No full textSupplemental Material, QPL_Booklet_(Reference_Copy) for Neurodevelopmental Risk: A Tool to Enhance Conversations With Families of Infants by Monica E. Lemmon, Hanna E. Huffstetler, Pamela Donohue, Madelaine Katz, Mary C. Barks, Emma Schindler, Debra Brandon, Renee D. Boss and Peter A. Ubel in Journal of Child Neurology</p
Caracterización cinemática de una transmisión armónica vertical prototipo 4 de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia para determinar tipo de posibles aplicaciones industriales
No full textLos engranajes flexo-ondulatorios también conocidos como transmisiones armónicas, son reductores de velocidad mecánicos utilizados en aplicaciones industriales y militares. Las transmisiones flexo-ondulatorias son compactas, tienen alta eficiencia mecánica y pueden llegar a reducciones de velocidad de 320:1. Este dispositivo es conocido por su eficiencia y precisión, pero también por sus comportamientos indeseables, caracterizados por comportamientos no lineales. Estos aspectos incluyen la presencia de fricción estática y dinámica, flexibilidad, y error cinemático también conocido como error posicional. El siguiente documento se enfoca en la caracterización del error cinemático para el prototipo cuatro de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, por medio de datos experimentales, obtenidos de un sistema de adquisición de datos en tiempo real, desarrollado por el autor. Los datos adquiridos son analizados por métodos estadísticos; identificando así la influencia de la velocidad de giro y posición del motor en el error cinemático. Como resultado se obtiene un modelo que tiene como variable la posición del motor.Abstract. Strain wave gears, a compact mechanical device producing high mechanical advantage and speed reduction, has been used to accurately positon the arms and wrist of robots. This device, operating on the principle of nonrigid body mechanics, has been found to have positioning errors also known as kinematic error. This paper present a data acquisition system to measure the kinematic error in a prototype of strain wave gear as well as their findings. This implementation was design to capture all encoders signals by applying realtime measurement system. The following document focuses on the characterization of kinematic error for the prototype four of the National University of Colombia, through experimental data obtained from a realtime data acquisition system developed by the author. The acquired data are analyzed by statistical methods; Thus, identifying the influence of the speed of rotation and position of the motor in the kinematic error. Thus, a model is obtained in function of motor’s position.Maestrí
Exploring what lies behind public preferences for avoiding health losses caused by lapses in healthcare safety and patient lifestyle choices
No full textBackground
Although many studies have identified public preferences for prioritising health care interventions based on characteristics of recipient or care, very few of them have examined the reasons for the stated preferences. We conducted an on-line person trade-off (PTO) study (N=1030) to investigate whether the public attach a premium to the avoidance of ill health associated with alternative types of responsibilities: lapses in healthcare safety, those caused by individual action or lifestyle choice; or genetic conditions. We found that the public gave higher priority to prevention of harm in a hospital setting such as preventing hospital associated infections than genetic disorder but drug administration errors were valued similar to genetic disorders. Prevention of staff injuries, lifestyle diseases and sports injuries, were given lower priority. In this paper we aim to understand the reasoning behind the responses by analysing comments provided by respondents to the PTO questions.
Method
A majority of the respondents who participated in the survey provided brief comments explaining preferences in free text responses following PTO questions. This qualitative data was transformed into explicit codes conveying similar meanings. An overall coding framework was developed and a reliability test was carried out. Recurrent patterns were identified in each preference group. Comments which challenged the assumptions of hypothetical scenarios were also investigated.
Results
NHS causation of illness and a duty of care were the most cited reasons to prioritise lapses in healthcare safety. Personal responsibility dominated responses for lifestyle related contexts, and many respondents mentioned that health loss was the result of the individual’s choice to engage in risky behaviour. A small proportion of responses questioned the assumptions underlying the PTO questions. However excluding these from the main analysis did not affect the conclusions.
Conclusion
Although some responses indicated misunderstanding or rejection of assumptions we put forward, the results were still robust. The reasons put forward for responses differed between comparisons but responsibility was the most frequently cited. Most preference elicitation studies only focus on eliciting numerical valuations but allowing for qualitative data can augment understanding of preferences as well as verifying results
Synthesis of robust gain scheduling based fault detection filters for a class of parameter uncertain nonlinear systems
No full textWe discuss the solution of the fault detection problem for parameter uncertain nonlinear systems using a gain scheduling based approach. By using a set of linearized plant models, a set of least order linear fault detection filters is determined to serve for interpolation based gain scheduling.
The basic synthesis approach is the nullspace method for constant linear systems, whose extension to the case of linear parameter varying (LPV) models provides the methodological framework for the synthesis of robust fault detection filters. The resulting gain scheduled fault detection filter provides robustness with respect to both model nonlinearities as well as parametric uncertainties. In a general setting, we consider the case when part of the uncertain parameters are non-measurable and part of them are measurable
sj-docx-1-mpp-10.1177_23814683211041623 – Supplemental material for Framing Benefits in Decision Aids: Effects of Varying Contextualizing Statements on Decisions About Sacubitril-Valsartan for Heart Failure
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-mpp-10.1177_23814683211041623 for Framing Benefits in Decision Aids: Effects of Varying Contextualizing Statements on Decisions About Sacubitril-Valsartan for Heart Failure by Mary C. Thomson, Larry A. Allen, Scott D. Halpern, Yi-An Ko, Daniel D. Matlock, Andrea R. Mitchell, Miranda A. Moore, Alanna A. Morris, Birju R. Rao, Laura D. Scherer, Candace D. Speight, Peter A. Ubel and Neal W. Dickert in MDM Policy & Practice</p
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