83 research outputs found
Antipsychotic drugs and risk of type 2 diabetes: an evidence-based approach
No full textObjective To review studies conducted to evaluate the risk of type 2 diabetes in patients treated with different antipsychotic
drugs (AP).
Methods a MEDLINE search (January 1985–February 2003) was conducted to establish the potential relationship
between the exposure to AP (conventional and second generation) and the development of type 2 diabetes. Studies were
classified according to their experimental design as prospective and retrospective (incidence and prevalence based).
Results Twenty-one studies were selected: nine prospective and eleven retrospective.
Data Synthesis and Conclusions Patients with schizophrenia treated with different AP have an increased risk of
developing type 2 diabetes compared with the general population. The data so far available, however, do not establish
whether the increasing risk of developing diabetes is a function of the schizophrenia itself or is induced by the antipsychotic
treatment. A number of methodological flaws in the study design and data collection do not allow conclusions to be drawn on
the risk between patients treated with conventional drugs versus those treated with new ones. Copyright#2004 JohnWiley
& Sons, Ltd.
key words—clozapine; olanzapine; risperidone; quetiapine; type 2 diabetes; antipsychotic drug
L'efficienza del V02 nella affidabilità prestativa nell'età adulta ed anziana (modificazioni indotte da esercizio fisico controllato)
No full textEFFECTS OF A CORE TRAINING PROGRAM ON PERFORMANCE IN YOUNG SOCCER PLAYERS
No full textIntroduction
Core stability and strength exercises are a common practice in soccer world, despite the lack of scientific support about their relation with performance. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of a core training protocol on strength, speed and endurance in regional league young soccer players.
Methods
Forty eight players among 3 different teams were included in the research. They were divided in a Training group (TG, n=22, age 14 years, weight 60.4 ± 8.8 kg, height 169 ± 6,8 cm) and 2 Control groups (CG1, n=10, age 13 years, weight 49.2 ± 12.1 Kg, height 159 ± 9,3 cm) (CG2, n=16, age 16 years, weight 70.6 ± 6.2 Kg, height 174 ± 5,2 cm) following the age level. TG was submitted to a 8 weeks core training protocol focused on 7 free body exercises in addition to soccer conditioning, while CG1 and CG2 executed the sport specific training only. Performance level was evaluated before and after core training protocol using Long Jump Test (LJ), Medicine Ball Throw test (MB), Leger endurance test (Leger Time, Leger Speed, Maximal Aerobic Velocity-VAM ) and 3 speed tests (10m, 15m, 30m) in all players.
Results & Discussion
All groups showed different performance scores with better improvements in core training group (TG). In particular, TG significantly increased LJ (+10,7 %, p.=.0,00), MB (+3,7%, p.=.0,03), 15m (+3,7%, p.=.0,00) and 30m (+4,3%, p.=.0,00), CG1 significantly increased Leger Time, Leger Speed and VAM (p.<.0,05) and CG2 significantly increased 10m (+8,7%, p.=.0,00), 15m (+2%, p.=.0,04) and 30m (+2,1%, p.=.0,01). No significant differences were observed in other performance tests.
Conclusion
The TG improvements in LJ, MB and Speed Tests highlight the effect of core stability and strength exercises on neuro-muscular control and force-transfer between lower body-trunk-upper body. Therefore, a simple core training protocol could be a good way to better enhance soccer conditioning, specifically in strength and speed results, while no effects seem to be in endurance score.
References
1. Willardson, J. M. P. (2007). JSCR, 21(3), 979-985.
2. Hibbs, A.E., Thompson, K.G., French, D, Wrigley, A., Spears, I. (2008) Sports Med, 38 (12), 995-100
Fattibilità e vantaggi cardio-vascolari di una strategia di incremento dell'attività fisica nella popolazione anziana: lo Studio Pianoro
No full textUn singolare plume di cloruro di vinile in acquifero confinato: campionamento a basso flusso in sondaggi direct-push e fingerprinting isotopico preliminare.
No full textThe paper deals with an alluvial sandy confined aquifer contaminated by vynil chloride and located in the eastern sector of the Padana plain immediately to the south of the Po river and about 3 km to the north of the city of Ferrara (Northern Italy). Plume investigation followed three steps in temporal succession and with a progressive downscaling: 1) a regional hydrogeological characterization of the aquifer watershed, intended as the whole of the recharge and transmission area of the groundwater reservoir; 2) a hydrochemical survey of existing long-filtered boreholes (wells, piezometers) with a gross definition of the plume; 3) a direct-push drillings based horizontal and vertical characterization of the plume conducted according a dynamic investigation work-plan. The investigated land size has been, respectively, 35, 20 and 6 km2; the plume resulted with a length of 3 km and a maximum width of about 0.5 km. The first step of the investigation, based on the interpretation of collected stratigraphic logs, two piezometric surveys in opposite hydrological conditions and one 3 days pumping test, put in evidence lateral recharge of Po river and the leaky character of the aquifer; the second step, based on 37 boreholes sampling, identified, inside a fully urbanized area, 10 boreholes with VC concentration higher than MAC (3 with values higher than 1000 ppb and one higher than 8000 ppb); the third step, with a total of 15 direct-push drillings down to a maximum of 30 m depth with 3 GW samples for each, put in evidence also the vertical occurrence of the contamination. It has been verified also the effectiveness of GW sampling by a combined use of a inertial pump for collecting the sample preceded by a short term low flow purging by peristaltic pump. The implications for the source definition and plume remediation are also discussed
Caratterizzazione di un plume di cloruro di vinile in un acquifero confinato attraverso perforazioni direct-push, campionamento e spurgo con tecnica low-flow.
No full textThe paper deals with a sandy confined aquifer contaminated by vinyl chloride. Plume investigation followed three steps with a progressive downscaling: 1) a regional hydrogeological characterization; 2) a hydrochemical survey of existing long-filtered boreholes; 3) a direct-push drillings based characterization. The investigation identified, a plume with a length of 1.7 and a width of 0.3 km with VC concentration up to more than 11000 ppb and total absence of other chlorinated compounds. To optimise VC analysis the coupled use of an inertial pump for collecting the sample was verified preceded by a short term low flow purging by peristaltic pump
Core training for balance and performance
No full textIntroduction. Core stability and strength exercises are a common practice in fitness and sport world, despite the poor of scientific support about their relation with performance.
Aim of the work: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of a core training program on functional dynamic balance in healthy collegiate people.
Materials and Methods. Twenty seven students were involved in our study; they were divided in a Training Group (TG, n= 19, mean age = 22.6 ± 2.7 yrs; height 175.7 ± 9.4 cm; weight 74.8 ± 15.1 kg) and in a Control Group (CG, n= 8, mean age = 20.6 ± 2.0 yrs; height 172.9 ± 6.4 cm; weight 67.8 ± 6.6 kg) and participated in a repeated measures design with pre and post training measures of balance using the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT). They were submitted to a 8 weeks core training program focused on 6 exercises with specific progression from floor to unstable surface, eyes open to eyes closed, static to dynamic movement, two to one foot, and increased to the inclusion off-centred forces (torque).
Results.
Both group improved SEBT scores for right (R-SEBT) and left (L-SEBT) side with higher values for TG; in particular, TG increased R-SEBT and L-SEBT of 11,6% and 11,5% (p=0,00) and CG increased of 4,4% (p=0,03) and 2,9% (p>0,05), respectively. Pre-post comparison showed significant difference between TG and CG for both side (p<0,05).
Conclusions.
TG improvements in SEBT highlight the effect of a core stability and strength exercises on neuro-muscular control and balance. Therefore, a progressive core training program could be a good way to enhance functional dynamic responses and performance in healthy collegiate people
Short term metabolic and cardiovascular effects induced by physical exercise in subjects with diabetes type 2
No full textAim. The increased prevalence of diabetes in industrialized countries, due to a change in life style, led the WHO to speak about a true "epidemic". Diabetes type 2 includes 90% of all cases of diabetes mellitus and is an important chapter in national health expenses. Sedentary habits and obesity are among the most important risk factors, while regular physical activity is a preventive and therapeutic factor. Several studies have shown that physical exercise, performed with controlled intensity and time, leads to a general improvement of this disease parameters. The aim of this study was to verify the cardiovascular and metabolic effects induced by short time physical exercise in subjects with diabetes mellitus type 2 and to evaluate the psychological effects. Methods. Eleven subjects, mean age 60 years, all suffering from overweight or obesity, and other pathologies such as arterial hypertension, high cholesterol and lipid levels and a strong insulin-resistance. Some controls have been carried out during single visits as well as before and after the whole period of the study. For each subject weight, height, waist and hip were measured. Moreover, the following examinations were carried out: electrocardiogram, complete urine test, blood test including urea, creatinine, hemochrome, glycemia at fast, glycate hemoglobin, chlorine, magnesium and potassium. The levels of type A and type B natriuretic peptides have been evaluated before and after each visit. Results. The qualitative analysis of the findings shows an improvement of the glycemic levels at rest (9 out of 11 <0.01) and a decrease of the glycate hemoglobin level (9 out of 11). The lipid profile, blood triglyceride and cholesterol did not show significant changes as well as tests carried out on urine, hemochrome and urea and creatinine levels. The statistical analysis did not point out a significant decrease of systolic and diastolic arterial pressure. Ten subjects out of 11 showed an improvement of the psychological condition and a positive influence to get a more active life style and a good management of the disease
Effects of training on above-threshold kinetics of V̇O2, V̇CO2, V̇E, FC and on parameters of incremental tests
No full textWe have studied 7 high level fin swimming athletes (Md: years 18.29; cm 174.29; kg 70.43) aiming to compare the effects of a 5-6 weeks aerobic training on the V̇O2, V̇CO2, V̇E, and FC kinetics with the values of these variables and watts (w) achieved at 2 ventilatory thresholds and at V̇O(2max), and with loads at lactate concentration [L] of 4 mmol/l. They have performed pre and post training: 1 incremental maximal test to detect 2 ventilatory thresholds and V̇O(2max); 1 incremental sub maximal test for identifying preselected [L]; 1st supra-threshold constant-load test for the kinetics study employing mathematical models to 1 or to 2 exponential terms fitting on experimental data through an original software. Regarding to V̇O2, we have studied the slow component (cIV̇O2), whose entity has measured from the integral of the relative area; likewise with FC. The fitting on V̇CO2 and VE data with the imposed loads has not been reliable and therefore excluded from the comparison. The cIV̇O2 area has decreased after training 8.77 ml/kg (p=0.002); FC 13.18 b. (p=0.02). In the incremental test w and V̇O2 both have increased with the same significativity (p= 0.05) at 1st ventilatory threshold; at V̇O(2max) the one regarding to w has been better than V̇O2: respectively p= 0.002, and p= 0.02; not present the significative changes for other studied variables. Almost significative the performance at 4 mmol/l threshold after training (p= 0.06). Otherwise, the difference of [L] after training at the same load in pretraining had determined that [L] of 4 mmol/l has decreased of the 22% (p= 0.05). In conclusion, the study of the kinetic above-threshold of V̇O2 and FC, but, with the imposed loads, not of V̇CO2 and VE, it has proven more sensitive than the variations of V̇O2 and FC at V̇O(2max) and of the [L] to the same evoking the 4 mmol/l load in the pretraining in estimate induced advantages from the training
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