143 research outputs found
A regular non-weakly discretely generated P-space
No full textWe construct a consistent example of a topological space Y= X∪ {∞} such that: (1) Y is regular. (2) Every Gδ subset of Y is open. (3) The point ∞ is not isolated, but it is not in the closure of any discretesubset of X
G δ covers of compact spaces
No full textWe solve a long standing question due to Arhangel'skii by constructing a compact space which has a Gδ cover with no continuum-sized (Gδ)-dense subcollection. We also prove that in a countably compact weakly Lindelöf normal space of countable tightness, every Gδ cover has a -sized subcollection with a Gδ-dense union and that in a Lindelöf space with a base of multiplicity continuum, every Gδ cover has a continuum sized subcover. We finally apply our results to obtain a bound on the cardinality of homogeneous spaces which refines De La Vega's celebrated theorem on the cardinality of homogeneous compacta of countable tightness
A new class of spaces with all finite powers Lindelof
No full textWe consider a new class of open covers and classes of spaces defined from them, called "iota spaces". We explore their relationship with epsilon-spaces (that is, spaces having all finite powers Lindelof) and countable network weight. An example of a hereditarily epsilon-space whose square is not hereditarily Lindelof is provided answering a question from
Stan badań nad współczesnymi stosunkami polsko-rosyjskimi
No full textCelem badania jest analiza obecnego stanu wiedzy nad współczesnymi stosunkami polsko-rosyjskimi. Analizę przeprowadzono w oparciu o istniejącą literaturę przedmiotu, rozumianą jako dorobek nauki poświęcony relacjom polsko-rosyjskim. Podczas kwerendy przeprowadzonej w szczególności w bazach Scopus, EBSCO, Google Scholar i Elibrary.ru zidentyfikowano 487 publikacje naukowe dotyczące stosunków polsko-rosyjskich, tak jak zostały one wcześniej zdefiniowane. Do korpusu zaliczono książki, artykuły naukowe i rozdziały w pracach zbiorowych; nie uwzględniono natomiast prac niepublikowanych (prace doktorskie, artykuły konferencyjne). Przedmiotem analizy nie były również materiały źródłowe, w szczególności dokumenty i ich zbiory, wspomnienia czy materiały prasowe.Pełne wyniki badania ukażą się w 2021 r. na łamach „Spraw Międzynarodowych”.</p
Address delivered at the House of Lords in Vienna
No full textTitle: Address delivered at the House of Lords in Vienna Originally published: Stenographische Protokolle über die Sitzungen des Herrenhauses des Reichsrates 1909 bis 1911 XX. Session (1. bis 15. Sitzung), Wien, k.k. Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, 1911, pp. 286–287. Language: German The excerpts used are from the original. About the author Roman Maria Aleksander Szeptycki (Andrei Sheptytsky) [1865, Przyłbice near Lviv (Ukr. Prylbychi, present-day Ukraine) – 1944, Lviv]: clergyman and Ukrainian nat..
Address delivered at the House of Lords in Vienna
No full textTitle: Address delivered at the House of Lords in Vienna Originally published: Stenographische Protokolle über die Sitzungen des Herrenhauses des Reichsrates 1909 bis 1911 XX. Session (1. bis 15. Sitzung), Wien, k.k. Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, 1911, pp. 286–287. Language: German The excerpts used are from the original. About the author Roman Maria Aleksander Szeptycki (Andrei Sheptytsky) [1865, Przyłbice near Lviv (Ukr. Prylbychi, present-day Ukraine) – 1944, Lviv]: clergyman and Ukrainian nat..
Gracilentulus sarmaticus Shrubovych & Szeptycki, 2008, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Gracilentulus sarmaticus</i> sp. nov. <p> <b>Material examined.</b> Type material. Holotype, female (nr 16.1a), litter and soil in bushes on the western bank of the river Ingul, Mykolajivski district, Ukraine, 5. V. 2006, leg. I. Kaprus. Paratypes: 16 females and 1 male, the same data as holotype. Other materials: 1 maturus junior and 2 larvae II, the same data as holotype, 2 females and 1 maturus junior, soil on steppe meadow in valley of river Velyka Korabelna, near Blagodatne, Mykolajivski district, Ukraine, 3. V. 2006, leg. I. Kaprus.</p> <p>Holotype, 13 females and 1 male (slides nr 16.1–16.9) and other materials are deposited in the collection of SNHM; 3 females (slides nr 16.10 and 16.11) in the collection of ISEA.</p> <p>Figs 6 — paratype 16.1 b, others—holotype.</p> <p>All specimens are mounted as microscopic slides in the medium of Faure (Dunger & Fiedler 1989).</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> Head setae short, additional seta absent, postpseudocular seta present (Fig. 1). Dorsal side with 3+3 thin, linear microchaetae, ventral side with 1+1 such microchaetae. Rostrum short. Pseudoculus slightly elongated, with short lever, PR 14–16 (Fig. 4). Maxillary gland short, with large, nearly semiglobular calyx, and simple, short and relatively thick posterior filament with irregular posterior dilation, CF 5–6 (Fig. 3). Maxillary palps short; sensilla equal, short, thin and pointed, nearly seta-like (Fig. 2). Labial palps with no terminal tuft, with three setae and short, sausage-like sensillum (Figs. 6, 7). Inner margin of labium smooth.</p> <p>Figs 10, 15 and 16 — paratype 16.1 b, 11 and 13— paratype 16.1 c, others—holotype. Arrows—pores.</p> <p> Main setae on nota strongly differentiated (Fig. 10). Setae <i>M</i> and <i>A2</i> on meso- and metanotum short, thin, hair-like. Seta <i>P2</i> on mesonotum 1.5–2.3 times longer than <i>P1</i>. Accessory setae <i>P1a</i> and <i>P2a</i> as gemmate microchaetae; <i>P2a</i> nearer to <i>P3</i> than to <i>P2</i>; <i>P5</i> as small sensillum (Figs. 11, 13). Seta <i>P4a</i> on metanotum as thin, linear microchaeta (Fig. 13). Mesonotum with pores <i>al</i> and <i>sl</i>, metanotum with pore <i>sl</i>. Setae <i>A2</i> on thoracal sterna and <i>M2</i> on prosternum as thin, linear microchaetae (shorter than <i>P4a</i> on metanotum). Thoracal sterna with no pores.</p> <p>Figs 22 and 24 — paratype 16.1 c, 26— paratype 16.3c, 27 and 28— paratype 16.2a, others—holotype.</p> <p> Foretarsal sensilla <i>a</i>, <i>c</i>, <i>d</i> short and thin (Fig. 8), <i>d</i> situated close to <i>c</i> (nearly on level of <i>b</i>); <i>b</i> very long (and thicker than the other sensilla), passing base of claw; <i>e</i>, <i>f</i>, <i>g</i> long, thin; <i>t2</i> of medium length, relatively thick; <i>t3</i> large (Fig. 5), subequal in length to <i>t1</i>; <i>a’</i> of medium length, mostly slightly passing base of <i>t2</i>, situated on level of <i>t1</i>; <i>b’</i> short and thin, situated on level of α <i>4</i>; <i>c’</i> of medium length, thin, slightly passing base of claw (Fig. 9). All sensilla parallel – sided. Seta β <i>1</i> short and thin, blunt; δ <i>5</i> situated proximally to level of <i>c’</i>, as β <i>1</i>. Length formula of sensilla: <i>t1</i> < <i>t3</i> < <i>a’</i> = <i>b’</i> < <i>a</i> = <i>c</i> = <i>d</i> = <i>g</i> < <i>t2</i> < <i>c’</i> < <i>f</i> < <i>e</i> << <i>b</i>. Claw with no inner tooth, empodial appendage relatively long. BS 0.4–0.5, TR 3.3–3.9, EU about 0.3.</p> <p> Urotergite I without <i>P1a</i>; <i>P2a</i> of same shape as accessory setae on nota; <i>A5</i> as a short and thin linear microchaeta. Urotergites II–VI without setae <i>P1a</i> and <i>P3a</i>; another accessory setae as short and thin linear microchaetae (Fig. 12). Urotergite VII with 3 + 3 anterior setae (<i>A2</i>, <i>A4</i>, <i>A5</i>) and 8+8 posterior setae (seta <i>P1a</i> absent, <i>P3a</i> present), accessory setae of same shape as on another tergites, but slightly longer (Fig. 14); seta <i>P4a</i> situated close to <i>P4</i>, of same shape as other accessory setae (Fig. 15). Pore <i>psm</i> present on urotergites I– VIII, <i>psl</i> on VI and VII, <i>al</i> on II–VII: dorsal to <i>A5</i> on urotergites II–VI, ventral to it on VII.</p> <p> Abdominal legs with 4, 2, 2, setae; apical seta on legs II and III less than half the length of subapical seta. Accessory setae on urosternites I–VII as that on tergites. Lineation of urosternites distinct, connecting line present. Urosternites I–IV with no pores (Fig. 16). Urosternite V with 1+1 pore situated laterally (close to margin of sternite) on anterior line, and single pore situated asymmetrically between setae <i>Ac</i> and <i>A2</i> (Fig. 18). Urosternite VI with 1+1 pore situated anterolaterally (as on V), and three pores—two of them are situated asymmetrically on both sides of <i>Ac</i> and the third one, situated asymmetrically, anteriorly to <i>P1</i> (Fig. 17). Urosternite VII with single pore situated medially, more or less in the middle of sternite (Fig. 19). The distribution of pores is more or less the same in all specimens studied.</p> <p> Abdominal segment VIII with well developed striate band. Striae on tergite are denser and more differentiated than that on sternite (Figs. 20, 23). Tergite smooth, sternite with traces of row of small, scattered granules. Pore <i>psm</i> with no surrounding teeth, others pores absent. Comb VIII with straight hind margin, composed of 7–9 (mostly 8) small, more or less regular teeth (Fig. 25). Hind margin of tergite, sternite and laterotergite smooth. Urosternite VIII mostly with 4/2 setae, <i>1a</i> variable (Fig. 22).</p> <p> Seta <i>1a</i> on urotergite IX subequal to seta <i>1</i>, on X shorter (Fig. 24). Seta <i>2a</i> on urotergites IX and X shorter than the other setae, nearly spine-like. Seta 3 on urotergite X longer and thinner than other setae. Internal anterolateral seta on dorsal lobe of telson distinctly longer than external one (Fig. 21). Segments IX–XI with no pores. Dorsal lobe of telson with single median pore, ventral lobe with 1+1 anterolateral pores. Hind margin of segments IX–XI and telson smooth.</p> <p>Squama genitalis short (Fig. 27). Acrostyli subapically situated, elongated, with long terminal “spine” (Fig. 28). Penis with 4+4 setae (Fig. 26).</p> <p>Body measurements (in Μm):</p> <p> Variability. Chaetotaxy very variable, in most of specimens some irregularities exist. The following anomalies were recorded in 18 imagines studied: pronotum—asymmetrical lack of seta <i>1</i> (1 specimen); mesono-tum—asymmetrical lack of <i>A2</i> (1 sp-n); urotergite I—asymmetrical lack of <i>A2</i> (2 sp-ns); urotergite IIasymmetrical lack of <i>A1</i> (1 sp-n); urotergite III—asymmetrical lack of <i>A1</i> (1 sp-n), <i>P2a</i> asymmetrically in posterior position (1 sp-n); urotergite IV—asymmetrical lack of <i>A2</i> (1 sp-n); urotergite V—asymmetrical lack of <i>A1</i> (1 sp-n); urotergite VI—asymmetrical lack of <i>A1</i> (1 sp-n) and <i>A4</i> (1 sp-n); urotergite VII—asymmetri-cal lack of <i>P2</i> (1 sp-n), asymmetrical presence of <i>P2a’</i> (1 sp-n); prosternum—irregular distribution of setae “ <i>P</i> ” (1 sp-n); mesosternum—asymmetrical lack of <i>P2</i> (1 sp-n); metasternum—asymmetrical lack of <i>A4</i> (1 sp- n); urosternite I—symmetrical lack <i>P1a</i> (2 sp-ns); presence of additional seta anteriorly to <i>Ac</i> (1 sp-n); urosternite II—presence of additional seta anteriorly to <i>Ac</i> (2 sp-ns); urosternite III—asymmetrical lack of <i>A2</i> (1 sp-n) and <i>P2a</i> (1 sp-n); urosternite IV— <i>P1a</i> asymmetrically in anterior position (1 sp-n); urosternite VII— <i>P1a</i> posterior to <i>P1</i> (1 sp-n); urosternite VIII—asymmetrical lack of seta <i>1</i> (1 sp-n), asymmetrical (4 sp-ns) and symmetrical lack of <i>1a</i> (2 sp-ns); urosternite X—asymmetrical lack of seta <i>1</i> (2 sp-ns).</p> <p> Maturus junior (1 sp-n): urosternite IV—asymmetrical lack of <i>P1a</i>.</p> <p>Larvae II (2 sp-ns)—chaetal variability not observed.</p> <p>Variability of porotaxy on urosternite V and VII not observed, on VI lack of one pore or different than in the description distribution of pores was observed in single specimens.</p> <p> <b>Etymology</b>. The species name is derived from the name of the ancient nation of Sarmatians, who were living in the territory around the type locality.</p> <p>dorsal ventral a. lateral side of tergite in maturus junior invisible b. in maturus junior: Mc</p> <p>c. in maturus junior: 0</p> <p> <b>bold</b> —primary and secondary setae normal—tertiary setae</p> <p> <i>italic</i> —additionary setae</p>Published as part of <i>Shrubovych, Julia & Szeptycki, Andrzej, 2008, Gracilentulus sarmaticus sp. nov. from Southeast Ukraine (Protura: Acerentomidae, Berberentulinae), pp. 34-40 in Zootaxa 1898</i> on pages 34-39, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/184476">10.5281/zenodo.184476</a>
Wars of Russia: causes, determinants, course and consequences of military combat operations of the Russian Federation in the post-Cold War period
No full textWars of Russia: causes, determinants, course and consequences of military combat operations of the Russian Federation in the post-Cold War period"1. Research project objectivesThe project will constitute a comprehensive, interdisciplinary analysis of conditions, conducts and consequences of the armed conflicts, in which Russia has been engaged since the end of the Cold War. The main objectives of the project are as follows: an assessment of the role of the use of force in the contemporary Russian foreign policy; an assessment of the specificity of the Russian military combat operations, in particular strategies and means chosen; an assessment of the adequacy of strategies and means chosen during Russian combat operations to pursued objectives and justifying values; an assessment of the level of conformity of Russia’s behavior in military operations with the relevant norms of international law; comparison of the Russian and Western way of making war.Research will allow testing following hypotheses. First, the use of force and the threat of use of force is an important instrument of the Russian Federation policy, used not only to protect Russia against aggression, but also to defend and enlarge its zone of influence. Second, the military strategy of the Russian Federation largely relies on surprise, deception and non-transparency about its ends and means; such modus operandi increases the chance of military success and limits the political costs of military endeavors. Third, the growing scope and efficiency of the Russian military combat operations is largely due to a major modernization, which the Russian weaponry underwent during last two decades. Fourth, during its military operations, Russia, its proxies and allies systematically disrespect the norms of international law (unlawful use of force, war crimes and crimes against humanity), which contributes to the evolution of international law standards.2. Research project methodologyThe research will be organized in five stages: analysis of historical and present determinants of the Russian military combat operations; analysis of the Russian military combat operations under the rule of Boris Yeltsin (1991-1999); analysis of the Russian military combat operations under the rule of Vladimir Putin and Dmitry Medvedev (since 1999); summing up the research and formulating conclusions concerning Russian practice of military combat operations since the end of the Cold War (its reasons, forms, utility and results). Analysis of every case will include studying of historical context of the Russian interventions, causes, justifications and goals of intervention, ideological positions (and their evolution) of the Russian authorities and society, conformity of their actions with relevant international legal norms, mission conduct, preferred and ultimately chosen strategies, methods and means, results of intervention.3. Contribution to the development of disciplineThe project will both offer a complex picture of contemporary military actions of the Russian Federation and show tendencies and trends as far as causes, justifications, objectives, conduct and consequences for international security, stability and legal order are concerned. This innovative research will constitute a unique, original contribution to the studies of international relations (IR), as the topic, although broadly discussed by scholars, has never been studied within such a comprehensive framework and with similar objectives. The project will help to elucidate some fundamental questions in the field, in particular on the role of the use of force in contemporary international relations and on the foreign and security policies of great powers. What is more, it will add to several other disciplines (i.e. international law, sociology), possibly stimulating their development in Poland and elsewhere. The analysis of legal and humanitarian aspects of the Russian military combat operation, in particular the supposed conscious lawlessness of the Russia’s military activities will be a valuable contribution to international law, in particular international criminal law and international studies in human rights, as well as humanitarian studies etc. Additionally, the project could also serve as a basis for formulating the prognoses and recommendations concerning future Russian policies on the use of force and contribute to the development of an adequate response from the West, including Poland.</p
Homidia hjesanica Szeptycki 1973
No full text<i>Homidia hjesanica</i> Szeptycki, 1973 <p> <b>Material studied</b>. RUSSIA, Amurskaya Region: ~ 3 km NE Arkhara, top of hill, dry young oak-forest, litter (49.47551, 130.12499, 242m a.s.l.), 17.viii.2014, hand collection, one female on a slide (AO2014-2R-17) and 16 specimens in ethyl alcohol (AO2014-2R-18 to 27, AO2014-5R-04 to 09); Khingansky Reserve, near (3km W) Kundur, the valley of Karapcha River, S slope, dry oak forest, under bark (49.11279, 130.72959, 185m a.s.l.), 19.viii.2014, hand collection, two specimens in ethyl alcohol (AO2014-16R-01 and 02); Khingansky Reserve, Kundur, (49.103646, 130.758800, 168 m a.s.l.), 19.viii.2014, hand collection in pools on road, seven specimens in ethyl alcohol (AO2014-18R-01 to 07), in grass turf, seven specimens in ethyl alcohol (AO2014-19R-02 to 08); Zeysky Reserve, ~ up from 52 km of road Zeya-Beregovoy, near “Gol’tsy” station, on the bark of birch (54.1239, 126.93059, 1360 m a.s.l.), 20.viii.2014, hand collection, one specimen juvenile in ethyl alcohol (AO2014-20R-01); and Blagoveschensk, sandy bank of Zeya River, on the sand in turf (50.277257, 127.571377, 117 m a.s.l.), 24.viii.2014, hand collection, one female on a slide (AO2014-41R-23) and seven in ethyl alcohol (AO2014-41R-24 to 30). All Potapov, M. and Kuznetsova, N. leg.</p> <p> <b>Ecology.</b> The species appears to be eurytopic in the Amurskaya Region.</p>Published as part of <i>Baquero, Enrique, Potapov, Mikhail & Jordana, Rafael, 2021, New species and a new record of Entomobryinae (Collembola, Entomobryomorpha) from Amurskaya Region (the Far East of Russia), pp. 119-134 in Zootaxa 4969 (1)</i> on page 132, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4969.1.6, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/4745933">http://zenodo.org/record/4745933</a>
Ramazzottius szeptycki
No full text78. <i>Ramazzottius szeptycki</i> (Dastych, 1980) [T] <p> <i>Ramazzottius szeptyckii</i> (Dastych, 1980) (Van Rompu <i>et al.</i> (1991a)</p> <p> <i>Ramazzottius szepticki</i> (Dastych 1980) (Pilato <i>et al.</i> 1991, Binda & Pilato 1995a) <b> <i>Terra typica</i>: Republic of South Africa (Africa)</b> </p> <p> <b>Republic of South Africa:</b></p> <p> • <i> 25°11′S, 30°46′E; <b>ca.</b></i> 1,400 m asl: Type Locality: Mpumalanga Province, Hendriksdaal, ravine of Palmer’s Creek, moss on rock. <b>Dastych (1980)</b></p> <p> • <i>28°57′S, 29°11′E;</i> <b>1,600 m asl:</b> KwaZulu-Natal Province, Drakensberg Mountains, Cathedral Peak area, Indumeni Forest, moss on rock. <b>Dastych (2009)</b></p> <p> • <i>29°18′S, 30°14′E; 1,300 m asl:</i> KwaZulu-Natal Province, Karkloof Nature Reserve, Rockwood House, mosses and lichens on tree. <b>Dastych (2009)</b></p> <p> <b>Tanzania:</b></p> <p> • <i>03°09′S, 35°29′E:</i> Undefined locality, Arusha Region, Ngorongoro Volcano, mosses. <b> Pilato <i>et al.</i> (1991)</b> </p> <p> • <i>03°12′S, 37°31′E;</i> <b>2,200–2,400 m asl:</b> Kilimanjaro Region, near Marangu [gate], outskirts of the entrance of Kilimanjaro National Park, mosses. <b>Binda & Pilato (1995a)</b></p> <p> • <i> 03°17′S, 37°31′E; <b>ca.</b></i> 1,500 m asl: Kilimanjaro Region, Kilimanjaro National Park, Marangu gate, rain forest, below tree line, river, benthos sample. <b> Van Rompu <i>et al.</i> (1991a)</b> </p> <p> <b>Record numbers.</b> Republic of South Africa: 3, Tanzania: 3; <b>total: 6.</b></p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> This species has a limited distribution in southern and eastern Africa.</p>Published as part of <i>Kaczmarek, Łukasz, 2017, Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part IV: Africa, pp. 1-74 in Zootaxa 4284 (1)</i> on page 32, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4284.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/1010400">http://zenodo.org/record/1010400</a>
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