75 research outputs found
Preliminary results on resistance to PPV-M in Prunus persica (L.) Batsch
No full textPreliminary results of trials evaluating peach cultivar resistance to Plum pox virus (PPV) and aphid colonization were obtained. Data after one vegetative cycle since an inoculation assay showed that most of the peach cultivars analyzed were susceptible to PPV-M isolate, used as inoculum source. Also, in our experiments two cultivars, Ambra and Cappucci 18, were found to be tolerant while cultivars Fei Cheng, Harrow Blood, Jing Yu and Rosa Dardi were resistant. Moreover, to evaluate the possible epidemiological impact of the peach cultivars NJ WEEPING and S6699 resistant to aphid colonization, experimental transmissions were carried out. This was done by using a clonal culture of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) as vector and PPV-M isolate as inoculum source under controlled acquisition access period. The results showed that in our conditions aphids were not able to transmitted PPV-M isolate to healthy plants of NJ WEEPING and S6699. Under the same conditions PPV-M was transmitted by aphids from infected to healthy GF305 plants
rTMS affects EEG microstates dynamic during evoked activity
No full textElectrophysiological (EEG) correlates both at time (i.e., event-related potentials, ERP) and frequency (i.e., event-related desynchronization, ERD) domains have been shown to be modulated by external magnetic interference. Parallel studies reported a similar interference also for the EEG microstate at rest and in the period that anticipates a task. Here we investigated whether such interference was prolonged during the evoked activity in the framework of the semantic decision task. To this aim, rTMS was delivered over a core region of both the Default mode network and the language network (i.e., left angular gyrus, AG), previously associated to the current task, and as active control we stimulated the left IPS. When subjects received a non-active stimulation (i.e., Sham), in the period that follows the target onset (i.e., 2 sec after the rTMS) we found an interesting alternation of two dominant microstates (MS1, MS3), previously associated to the phonological network and the Cingulo-Opercular Network (CON), respectively. This dynamic was not altered when TMS was delivered over the left IPS. On the contrary, rTMS over left AG selectively suppressed the phonological-related microstate. These findings provide the first causal evidence of region specificity of the EEG microstates topography during the evoked activity corroborating the idea of a crucial role of AG in the semantic memory. Moreover, the present results might provide insight for understanding the neurophysiological correlates of language disorders e.g., aphasia as well as for planning non-invasive brain stimulation protocols for the rehabilitation
Identification and molecular characterization of Candidatus Phytoplasma mali isolates in north-western Italy
No full textApple proliferation (AP) is an important disease and is
prevalent in several European countries. The causal
agent of AP is Candidatus Phytoplasma mali ( Ca.
Phytoplasma mali ). In this work, isolates of Ca.
Phytoplasma mali were detected and characterized
through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction
fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses
of 16S rRNA gene and non-ribosomal DNA fragment.
The presence of three AP subtypes (AT-1, AT-2 and
AP-15) was identified in 31 symptomatic apple trees
and two samples each constituted by a pool of five
insects, collected in north-western Italy, where AT-1 is
a dominant subtype. Subsequent nucleotide sequence
analysis of the PCR-amplified 1.8 kb (P1 ⁄ P7) fragment,
containing the 16S rDNA, the 16S–23S
intergenic ribosomal region and the 5¢-end of the 23S
rDNA, revealed the presence of at least two phytoplasmal
genetic lineages within the AT-1 subtype, designed
AT-1a and AT-1b. Moreover, in silico single nucleotide
polymorphism (SNP) analysis based on 16S
rDNA sequence can differentiate AT-1 subtype from
AT-2 and AP-15 subtypes. Our data showed a high
degree of genetic diversity among Ca. Phytoplasma
mali population in north-western Italy and underlined
the possible use of the 16S rDNA analysis for the
identification and the geographical origin assignation
of isolates of AP phytoplasma. Molecular markers on
16S rDNA, here identified, could be useful for studying
the epidemiology of AP disease
Molecular diversity in Candidatus Phytoplasma mali in Lombardia
No full textApple proliferation (AP) was first described in Italy in 1950, and occurs in many European pome fruit growing areas. In the last years new epidemics of the disease were reported in northern Italian regions. At least three phytoplasma subtypes have been reported in Europe, classified on the basis of the polymorphisms detected in the nitroreductase gene of 'Candidatus Phytoplasma Mali'. This work reports the results of the presence of AP in Lombardia and the characterization of the phytoplasma ribosomal protein subtypes associated with the disease in this region
Evolution 1998-2002 of the antidepressant consumption in France, Germany and the United Kingdom
No full textThe aim of this paper is to compare the evolution of antidepressant consumption in France, Germany and the United Kingdom between 1998 and 2002. Commercial databases (IMS Health) have been used in conjunction with administrative data (PACT for the UK, GKV for Germany and Afssaps for France) to estimate antidepressant consumption in Daily Defined Doses. The main results are: (1) Antidepressant consumption has increased significantly over the last decade in France (x2), Germany (x2.4) and the UK (x3.8); (2) SSRIs are the most heavily consumed drugs in France (67%) and the UK (60%); (3) Germany is distinguished by an overall level of antidepressant consumption twice as low as the other two countries and a relatively low use of SSRI antidepressants (31%), in favour of TCAs. In conclusion, the combined use of administrative and commercial data is possible for an evaluation of the volume of consumption. This study sheds both medical and economic light on the differences in both the level and structure of consumption in these three countries.antidepressant consumption, SSRI, France, UK, Germany
Preliminary results on resistance to PPV-M in Prunus persica (L.) Batsch
No full textPreliminary results of trials evaluating peach cultivar resistance to Plum pox virus (PPV) and aphid colonization were obtained. Data after one vegetative cycle since an inoculation assay showed that most of the peach cultivars analyzed were susceptible to PPV-M isolate, used as inoculum source. Also, in our experiments two cultivars, Ambra and Cappucci 18, were found to be tolerant while cultivars Fei Cheng, Harrow Blood, Jing Yu and Rosa Dardi were resistant. Moreover, to evaluate the possible epidemiological impact of the peach cultivars NJ WEEPING and S6699 resistant to aphid colonization, experimental transmissions were carried out. This was done by using a clonal culture of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) as vector and PPV-M isolate as inoculum source under controlled acquisition access period. The results showed that in our conditions aphids were not able to transmitted PPV-M isolate to healthy plants of NJ WEEPING and S6699. Under the same conditions PPV-M was transmitted by aphids from infected to healthy GF305 plants
Preliminary results on resistance to PPV-M in Prunus persica (L.) Batsch
No full textPreliminary results of trials evaluating peach cultivar resistance to Plum pox virus (PPV) and aphid colonization were obtained. Data after one vegetative cycle since an inoculation assay showed that most of the peach cultivars analyzed were susceptible to PPV-M isolate, used as inoculum source. Also, in our experiments two cultivars, Ambra and Cappucci 18, were found to be tolerant while cultivars Fei Cheng, Harrow Blood, Jing Yu and Rosa Dardi were resistant.Moreover, to evaluate the possible epidemiological impact of the peach cultivars NJ WEEPING and S6699 resistant to aphid colonization, experimental transmissions were carried out. This was done by using a clonal culture of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) as vector and PPV-M isolate as inoculum source under controlled acquisition access period. The results showed that in our conditions aphids were not able to transmitted PPV-M isolate to healthy plants of NJ WEEPING and S6699. Under the same conditions PPV-M was transmitted by aphids from infected to healthy GF305 plants.Keywords: sharka, peach, ELISA, aphid transmission, virus toleranc
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