1,033 research outputs found
alex-sandercock/Capturing_genomic_diversity: Initial release
No full text<p>Initial release for submission to journal for publication.</p>
Multimedia Explorations in Urban Policy and Planning: Beyond the Flatlands
No full textThis book explores the potential of multimedia to enrich and transform the planning field. By ‘multimedia’ the authors refer to the combination of multiple contents (both traditional and digital: texts, still images, animations, audio and video productions) and interactive platforms (offline interactive cd roms, online websites and forums, digital environments) which are opening up new possibilities in planning practice, pedagogy and research. The authors document the ways in which multimedia can expand the language of planning and the creativity of planners; can evoke the lived experience (the spirit, memories, desires) of the mongrel cities of the 21st century by engaging with stories and storytelling; and can help democratize planning processes. The diverse contributions demonstrate multimedia’s potential for layered, complex and open-ended representations of urban life; for enabling multiple forms of voice, participation and empowerment; for stimulating dialogue and influencing policy; for nurturing community engagement and community development; for expanding the horizons of qualitative and quantitative research; and for transformative learning experiences. The book conveys an excitement about the ways in which multimedia can be used by activists, immigrant and indigenous communities, planning scholars and educators, wherever urban policy and planning strategies are being debated and communities are struggling to shape, improve or protect their life spaces. But the authors go beyond enthusiasm for the new, incorporating a critical stance about the power relations embedded in these new information and communication technologies; raising questions about audience and political intentions; and outlining ethical dilemmas around authorship and ownership, collaborative processes, and the politics of voice. Leonie Sandercock is the author of eleven books, including Towards Cosmopolis: Planning for Multicultural Cities (1998) and Cosmopolis 2: Mongrel Cities of the 21st Century (2003). The latter won the Paul Davidoff Award for best book from the American Collegiate Schools of Planning. She also received the Dale Prize for community engagement (2005) and the BMW Award for Intercultural Learning (2007). Giovanni Attili is the recipient of the G. Ferraro Award for Best Urban Planning PhD Thesis in Italy in 2005. He is co-editor of Storie di Citta (2007) and author of La citta dei migranti (2008), and co-author, with Leonie Sandercock, of the book and DVD package Where Strangers become Neighbours: Integrating Immigrants in Vancouver, Canada (2009)
O medo do Outro. Planeamento através de diálogos terapêuticos em comunidades altamente conflituais
No full textThe concept of difference is becoming more and more central to the way in which urban societies are understood, and a whole raft of theorizing (feminist, postcolonial, poststructuralist, queer, and psychoanalytic theories, for example) has contributed to this new awareness. But so too has a new politics of difference which has been re-shaping not only how we think about cities and urban processes but, more importantly, re-shaping cities themselves. Managing these differences has become an increasing challenge to the running of cities and has particular implications for the city-building professions. The choice is clear: ghettoization or hybridization; separate lives, or change-by-conjoining. The challenge is clear. How to build new hybrid communities rather than increasingly segmented and fragmented cities? Planning’s responses to this crucial question has not often been really satisfactory. Many scholars have acknowledged the overall failure of the planning system to respond to the increasing cultural diversity of the city, to the ways in which the values and norms of the dominant culture are reflected in plans, planning codes and bylaws, legislation, heritage and urban design practices, to planners’ inability to analyze issues from a multicultural perspective or to design participatory processes that bring racial and ethnic groups into the planning process (Ameyaw, 2000, p. 105). Finding out ways to manage our coexistence in increasingly diverse urban landscapes is not an easy task. A different path can be built: a path based on a communicative and collaborative planning approach whose goal is to encourage a dialogue among conflicting subjectivities. We call it a therapeutic approach (Sandercock 2003; Sandercock and Attili 2014): a way to engage with emotions in planning practice, recognising the importance of working with and through people’s hopes, fears, memories, wounds. In this respect many scholars, in the recent years, have been drawing attention to the need of creating a dialogic space for the unspeakable, for emotions to be heard and named, for talk of fear and loathing as well as of hope and transformation (Marris 1974; Baum 1997, Forester 1999, 2009; Sandercock 2003; Erfan 2013). This urgency involves the design of a safe space in which conflicting parties can meet and speak without fear of being dismissed, attacked, or humiliated—a new space of recognition in which differences and historic injustices are acknowledged, as a necessary prelude to addressing contemporary conflict
The International Stroke Trial: a randomised trial of aspirin, subcutaneous heparin, both, or neither among 19435 patients with acute ischemic stroke.
No full textIF 18.31
Updated bibliography for the IST-3 study
No full textThis is a bibliography of publications from the IST-3 trial (International Stroke Trial).
This fileset comprises two files containing the same bibliography in different formats (Word and PDF-A respectively), for accessibility. This dataset provides additional documentation for the previously-deposited dataset which contained data from the clinical trial:
Sandercock, P; Wardlaw, J; Lindley, R; Cohen, G; Whiteley, W. (2016). "The third International Stroke Trial (IST-3)", 2000-2015 [dataset]. University of Edinburgh & Edinburgh Clinical Trials Unit. https://doi.org/10.7488/ds/135
The third International Stroke Trial (IST-3)
No full textThe IST-3 trial is a large-scale randomised controlled trial of intravenous thrombolytic therapy of the drug Alteplase for patients with acute ischaemic stroke. The dataset includes a number of files describing the IST-3 dataset. The documentation files may be freely downloaded. The raw patient-level data files were under embargo until the 25th of January 2021 (“datashare_aug2015.sas7bdat” or “ist3.dat”); since that embargo has expired, it is no longer necessary to apply to the study investigators for access.
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The IST3 has an international trials registry ID number, which enables all the trials outputs to be linked: ISRCTN25765518
https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN2576551
Blood markers for the diagnosis and prognosis of stroke
No full textMany blood markers have been associated with stroke. I set out to determine
whether blood markers can be applied to: (i) improve the accuracy of the clinical
diagnosis of stroke or TIA, and/or (ii) improve the prediction of poor outcome in
patients who are still symptomatic at the time of admission with stroke or TIA.
I systematically reviewed the existing literature on the diagnostic performance of a
range of blood markers measured soon after stroke onset, to inform the choice of
markers for my subsequent prospective studies in this thesis. Many studies had
deficiencies in their design, which may have explained the apparently – and
perhaps spuriously - impressive diagnostic performance of several markers. In the
light of these data I was able to improve the design of my own studies and suggest
how future studies of diagnostic markers could be improved.
In order to define an appropriate comparator test for assessing the diagnostic
accuracy of blood markers, I first examined the performance of emergency room
nurses and doctors. I assessed the accuracy of their diagnosis of TIA or stroke
(‘acute cerebrovascular disease’) in patients presenting with symptoms of suspected
stroke, and compared them with a number of stroke diagnostic scales. In the 405
patients recruited to the study, the sensitivity of emergency department staff was
77% and specificity 58%. Each stroke diagnostic scale had a slightly better
sensitivity, though worse specificity, than an emergency department clinician. I
decided to use the diagnosis by an emergency department clinician of ‘probable or
definite acute cerebrovascular disease’ as the best clinical performance reference
standard.
In blood taken from the same cohort of 405 patients, accredited research laboratories
measured markers of inflammation, thrombosis, thrombolysis, cardiac strain and
cerebral damage. Tissue plasminogen activator and loge N-terminal pro brain
natriuretic peptide were associated positively with a diagnosis of acute cerebrovascular disease, though each marker did not add diagnostic value to the
diagnosis of an emergency department doctor or nurse.
I systematically reviewed the literature examining the association between the levels
of blood markers with poor outcome (i.e. death or dependency) after stroke. I found
that although almost all markers studied had a positive association with poor
outcome, there were methodological problems with many studies, chiefly small
sample size, publication bias or within study reporting biases, and lack of
adjustment for important confounders such as age or stroke severity.
With data from the Edinburgh Stroke Study, I examined the association between
circulating markers of the inflammatory response (white cell count, interleukin-6, Creactive
protein and fibrinogen) and poor outcome after stroke. After adjustment for
age, whether the patient lived alone, was independent of activities of daily living,
was orientated, able to lift both arms and able to walk, I found that higher levels of
interleukin-6, white cell count and glucose were associated with poor outcome. The
relevant test of a biological marker is not its predictive ability alone, but whether,
when added to a validated predictive model based on clinical variables, it improves
the prediction of outcome. No individual marker improved the prediction of poor
outcome when added to a validated prognostic model based on clinical variables
alone.
From my cohort of 405 patients with suspected stroke 285 patients had a confirmed
diagnosis. Follow up of these 285 patients with confirmed acute cerebrovascular
disease showed that, after adjustment for neurological impairment and age, only
interleukin-6 and N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide were significantly
associated with death or disability at 3 months. Neither marker improved the
predictions of a model to predict poor outcome based on clinical variables alone.
To examine the relationship between circulating markers of the inflammatory
response and recurrent stroke, myocardial infarction, and vascular death (‘recurrent
vascular events’), again I used data from the Edinburgh Stroke Study. After adjustment for clinical predictors (age, prior MI, stroke, or TIA and AF) I found that
higher levels of interleukin-6, C-reactive protein and fibrinogen remained
significantly associated with an increased risk of recurrent vascular events.
However, the relationship with deaths from all causes was somewhat stronger for
each marker, perhaps suggesting that higher marker levels were associated with
debility rather than vascular events per se.
In conclusion, I found no marker measured could improve on the diagnostic
accuracy of an emergency department clinician for acute cerebrovascular disease,
nor improve the prediction of poor outcome by a prognostic model based upon
clinical variables. The work of this thesis does not support the routine use of blood
markers as an aid to the diagnosis of, or the prediction of outcome of, acute stroke
Preliminary Geo-Scientific Researches on Sandercock Nunataks, Enderby Land, East Antarctica, 1970 (Reports of the Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition)
No full textP(論文)Sandercock Nunataks are located at lat. 68°36'41"S and long. 52°06'02"E about 500km east of Syowa Station. These nunataks were visited by the JARE 11 traverse party in the summer of 1970. Sandercock Nunataks are composed of four nunataks temporarily named A, B, C and D from north to south. The following survey and observation were carried out. 1. Determination of the location of each nunatak by astronomical surveying and sketch mapping. 2. Geophysical measurements : Measurements of geodetic gravity and geomagnetism in the vicinity of the nunataks. 3. Geological observations : Geological sketch mapping for each nunatak and sampling of rocks. 4. Glaciological observations : Observations of the occurrence of inland ice and patterned ground with ground ice on the nunataks.departmental bulletin pape
Supplemental material for Top 10 global educational topics in stroke: A survey by the World Stroke Organization
No full textSupplemental Material for Top 10 global educational topics in stroke: A survey by the World Stroke Organization by Monica Saini, Sarah Belson, Carmen Lahiff-Jenkins and Peter Sandercock in International Journal of Stroke</p
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