280 research outputs found
Mario Vargas Llosa: García Márquez: Historia de un deicidio. Barcelona, Breve Biblioteca de Respuesta. Barral Editores, 1971, 667 p.
No full textFil: Prevedello, Fanny.
Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Filosofía y Letra
Carmen Arnau: El mundo mítico de Gabriel García Márquez. Barcelona, Península, Ediciones de bolsillo, 1971, 134 p., 11 x 18 cm.
No full textFil: Prevedello, Fanny.
Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociale
Effects of the provision of large amounts of solid feeds to veal calves on growth and slaughter performance and intravitam and postmortem welfare indicators
No full textPolish Friesian male calves (n = 78) were
used to investigate the effects of innovative feeding plans
based on the provision of large amounts of solid feeds on
growth performance, welfare, and carcass characteristics
of veal calves. Groups of calves (initial BW 71.5 ± 3.7
kg) were fed 1 of 3 treatments (26 calves/treatment): 1)
milk replacer plus corn grain (CG), 2) milk replacer plus
an 80:20 mixture (as-fed basis) of corn grain and wheat
straw (CGS), or 3) milk replacer plus a 72:20:8 mixture
(as-fed basis) of corn grain, wheat straw, and extruded
soybean, respectively (CGSES). All the treatments provided
at least 170 kg DM/calf from solid feed throughout
the 206 d of fattening. Type and concentration of milk
replacer were the same for all calves throughout fattening.
Calves fed CGSES received 96% of the daily amount
of milk replacer delivered to CG and CGS to balance the
dietary CP content. No differences (P ≥ 0.063) among
treatments were observed for growth performance and
DMI. Health status of CG calves was less than CGSES
calves, as indicated by the greatest (P < 0.001) proportion
of milk replacer refusal events and the greatest (P
< 0.001) incidence of treatments for respiratory disorders.
Inclusion of straw and soybean in the solid feeds
increased (P < 0.001) the daily intake of iron in CGS and
CGSES as compared with CG; however, blood hemoglobin
concentrations measured at d 5 and 31 were greater (P
< 0.05) than when measured on d 80, 122, and 206 of fattening.
Feeding treatment did not (P ≥ 0.107) affect HCW,
dressing percentage, or carcass color. Calves fed CG had
heavier (P < 0.001) reticulorumens and more (P < 0.001)
developed rumens than CGS and CGSES calves, but 84%
and 68% of CG rumens (P < 0.001) showed overt signs
of hyperkeratinization and plaques, respectively. These
alterations of rumen mucosa were not detected in CGSES
calves, and only 8% of CGS calves had rumen plaques.
Regardless of feeding treatment, postmortem inspection
recorded a prevalence of more than 84% abomasal
lesions. When feeding veal calves with large amounts
of solids, it is advisable to avoid the provision of corn
grain alone and replace part of the cereal with a roughage
source to improve calf health and prevent rumen mucosa
alterations
Brief Research Report: How Do Claw Disorders Affect Activity, Body Weight, and Milk Yield of Multiparous Holstein Dairy Cows?
No full textClaw disorders are among the most relevant health problems in dairy herds. Despite being often not clearly visible and not easily detectable for farmers, they may appear as peculiar cow behavioral and performance patterns. This retrospective study aimed to assess cow's behavior and production variations associated with claw disorders. The study involved 54 lactating Italian Holstein cows reared on the same dairy farm. A veterinarian performed the routine hoof trimming every 6 months, diagnosing specific claw disorders. Multiparous cows with no disorders at the first trimming were selected and monitored for the two following trimming sessions. Data coming from the automatic milking system and neck collars and related to the 15 days before a given cow was diagnosed with claw problems during trimming were further collected. These data were compared with those recorded for the same animal over the 15 days preceding the previous trimming in which no claw disorders were observed. Compared to when they had no disorders, the cows affected by claw disorders had a lower daily activity (405 vs. 429 ± 27.7 units/day, p < 0.001), showing a constant decrease in the last 10 days before the trimming, a lower milk yield (26.5 vs. 28.4 ± 1.57 kg/day, p = 0.03), and only a decreasing trend of rumination time. These patterns of activity, milk yield, and rumination characterizing cows affected by claw disorders should promote the development of specific algorithms that would enable early detection of lameness thanks to the deviations of these parameters that are sensitive to cow claw health
Administration of high amounts of two solid feeds to veal calves: effects on growth performance and slaughter traits
No full textThe study aimed at assessing the effects on growth performance and slaughter traits of two type of solid feeds (Maize grain vs. Mix) administrated to veal calves in amounts exceeding the minimum recommended by the welfare legislation. Fifty Polish Friesian calves, housed in 5 group pens per each experimental treatment, were fed the same milk replacer diett twice a day. After milk distribution a growing amount of solid feed was distributed through the fattening period. The type of solid feed did not affect calves final body weight and average daily gain although intake of solid feed was higher innnnnnnnnnnnncalves fed the Mix diet. Carcass weight and dressing percentage were no significantly affected by the two diets. Despite the higher haemoglobin level resulted with the Mix diet, no relevant differences between the two feeding treatments were observed regarding carcass colour parameters that were suitable for the meat market
Seric profile predictive for recurrence in patients undergone curative hepatic resection for metastasis from Colo-Rectal Carcinoma
No full textIntroduction: Liver metastatic disease is the first cause of death in Colorectal Cancer. Specifically, 20-25 % of patients has metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis, while 25-30 % of individuals will develop liver metastases during the course of disease.
At diagnosis only 10-20% of patients is resectable remaining surgical resection the only potentially curative treatment.
However, two-third of patients who received curative surgery will experience recurrence of disease, and 75% will relapse within the first two years after hepatectomy. Several combinations of clinical-pathological parameters have been proposed to analyze the prognosis of patients with potentially resectable colorectal liver metastases, in particular various molecular markers have been considered, but any of these has not been validated for clinical use. Recently, some trials have proposed the detection of tumoral circulating DNA to be a prognostic marker in solid neoplasms.
Aim of the Study: Aim of the study is to determine if peri-operative tumoral circulating DNA detected in blood of patients with colorectal liver metastases can be a prognostic marker for recurrences.
Materials and Methods: Between March 2009 and March 2011 we analyzed 26 patients who underwent surgical resection for colorectal liver metastases. 19 patients were male, 7 patients were female. Mean age was 63.7 years (45-79). We collected a sample of venous blood before surgical procedure (Tf0) and after 30 days (Tf1). In these two samples we applied qRT- PCR to quantify total circulating DNA (ALU83) and tumoral circulating DNA (ALU244) in serum.
Results: Median follow-up was 15 months (range 3-26); median DFS was 19 months. Median ALU244/ALU83 ratio was 0.28 (range 0.0652-0.763). Patients with ALU244/ALU83 ratio > 0.28 had worst recurrence-free survival than patients with ALU244/ALU83 ratio 0.28. (Hazard Ratio 8.07; P-value: 0.0205).
Conclusions: In our Study the value of circulating DNA ALU244/ALU83 ratio in patients with colorectal liver metastases who underwent curative hepatic resection has a prognostic value for detecting recurrences. It is necessary to enforce the case-study by increasing the number of patients and extending follow-up for patients already included.Introduzione: Nella storia naturale del cancro del colon–retto le metastasi epatiche costituiscono la causa maggiore di decesso. Il 20-25% dei pazienti presenta metastasi epatiche al momento della diagnosi del tumore primitivo mentre il 25-30% dei casi le svilupperà nel corso dell’evoluzione della malattia.
Al momento della diagnosi solo il 10-20% di pazienti risulta candidato ad una resezione curativa del fegato pur rimanendo l’intervento chirurgico di resezione epatica l’unico trattamento potenzialmente curativo.
Circa due terzi dei pazienti trattati con intento curativo va incontro a recidiva e il 75% di queste recidive si manifesta nei primi 2 anni dall’intervento chirurgico.
Allo scopo di analizzare più accuratamente l'evoluzione clinica di questi pazienti sono stati considerati diversi fattori prognostici, in particolare è stato studiato l’andamento di molteplici marcatori molecolari, ma nessuno di questi è stato validato nella pratica clinica. Recentemente alcuni ricercatori hanno proposto lo studio del DNA circolante di origine tumorale come fattore prognostico in alcuni tumori solidi.
Scopo dello Studio: Lo scopo dello studio è stato di verificare se la quantità di DNA circolante di origine tumorale misurata nel sangue dei pazienti prima e a 30 giorni dalla resezione epatica possa essere considerato un fattore prognostico di rischio di recidiva.
Materiali e Metodi: Sono stati analizzati 26 pazienti sottoposti a resezione epatica per metastasi da cancro del colon-retto nel periodo compreso tra Marzo 2009 e Marzo 2011. 19 erano di sesso maschile e 7 di sesso femminile; l’età media è risultata di 63.7 anni (range 45-79). E’ stato effettuato un prelievo di sangue venoso prima dell’intervento (Tf0) e dopo 30 giorni dallo stesso (Tf1). In queste due serie di campioni è stata quantificata nel siero la quota di DNA circolante totale (ALU83) e la quota di DNA circolante di origine tumorale (ALU244).La quantificazione del DNA circolante è stata effettuata mediante mediante la q RT-PCR.
Risultati: Il follow-up mediano di questi pazienti è risultato di 15 mesi (range 3-26); l’intervallo libero da malattia (DFS) mediano è risultato di 19 mesi
Il valore mediano di ALU244/ALU83 è risultato pari a 0,28 (range 0.0652-0.763)
Nei pazienti con rapporto ALU244/ALU83 > 0,28 l’hazard ratio di recidiva nei 12 mesi successivi all’intervento è risultato 8 volte superiore rispetto ai pazienti con rapporto ALU244/ALU83 0.28. (P- value: 0.0205).
Conclusioni: Nel nostro studio il valore del rapporto ALU244/ALU83 del DNA circolante tumorale nei pazienti affetti da metastasi epatiche da cancro del colon-retto e sottoposti a resezione curativa del fegato è correlato con un elevato rischio di recidiva. Sarà indispensabile aumentare il follow-up di questo gruppo di pazienti ed implementare la casistica allo scopo di confermare i dati ottenuti
Veal calves’ clinical/health status in large groups fed with automatic feeding devices
No full textAim of the current study was to evaluate the clinical/health status of veal calves in 3 farms that adopt large group housing and automatic feeding stations in Italy. Visits were scheduled in three phases of the rearing cycle (early, middle, and end). Results showed a high incidence of coughing, skin infection and bloated rumen particularly in the middle phase while cross-sucking signs were present at the early stage when calves’ nibbling proclivity is still high. Throughout the rearing cycle, the frequency of bursitis increased reaching 53% of calves at the end. The percentage of calves with a poorer body condition than the mid-range of the batch raised gradually as well, likely due to the non-proportioned teat/calves ratio that increases competition for feed and reduces milk intake of the low ranking animals. The remarked growth differences among pen-mates and the mortality rate close to 7% showed by the use of automatic feeding devices for milk delivery seem not compensating the lower labour demand, therefore its sustainability at the present status is doubtful both for the veal calves’ welfare and the farm incomes
Routine claw trimming and cow behavioural variations as tools for early detection of claw disorders
No full textAre abnormal behaviours still a problem when veal calves are provided with high amounts of solid feeds?
No full textAn insight into the dairy chain of a Protected Designation of Origin cheese: The case study of Asiago cheese
No full textThe Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) label of the European Union safeguards and guarantees top-quality traditional agri-food products that must be manufactured in a specific region according to traditional production methods. Production specifications of PDO cheeses are often focused on the cheese-making process and lack information on the dairy farming system that is upstream of the chain. This case study aimed to analyze and cluster the dairy farms that supply milk to the chain of Asiago, an internationally known PDO cheese of northeastern Italy. A large survey involving all of the cheese factories of the Asiago PDO chain was made in 2017. Each cheese factory submitted a questionnaire to its supplying dairy farmers concerning (1) farm facilities and herd management and (2) feeding program of lactating cows. Results from 517 farms were processed; there were 67 ± 27% (mean ± standard deviation) respondents per cheese factory. Four clusters of dairy farms were identified by hierarchical clustering analysis. Cluster 1 (8% of the surveyed farms) and cluster 2 (22%) are small in size and low in yield, representing the traditional milk production system; farms are mainly located on mountains or hills and have autochthonous dual-purpose breeds mostly housed in tiestall barns. By rearing cattle of endangered breeds and feeding cows primarily with forages produced on-farm together with the use of pasture, these clusters, and especially cluster 1, have shown to provide essential ecosystem services for landscape and biodiversity preservation in the alpine areas. Clusters 3 and 4 (34 and 36% of the surveyed farms, respectively) gather medium-scale farms mainly located in the lowland that operate according to modern management and housing systems and rear high-producing dairy cows. These cows are mainly fed total mixed rations based on corn silage, but the dietary forage:concentrate ratio is kept relatively high, as farmers are more interested in producing high-quality milk for cheese-making than pushing for yield. Regardless of the cluster allocation, a considerable cow longevity, which is a recognized “iceberg indicator” of cattle well-being, was highlighted. This study showed that different farming systems may lay behind a single PDO cheese. The knowledge of their characteristics is important to reinforce the PDO production specifications as well as to distinguish and protect niche products that come from specific groups of farms that provide essential ecosystem services
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