2,320 research outputs found
Muellerizomus DE FRANCESCO MAGNUSSEN & 2022, GEN. NOV.
No full text† MUELLERIZOMUS DE FRANCESCO MAGNUSSEN & S.P. MÜLLER GEN. NOV. S.P. MÜLLER GEN. NOV. (FIGS 27–34) Z o o b a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. o r g: act: 1E280AB6-17C2-4F05-A4C4-E021DF9F2722 Type species: † Muellerizomus palicaudatus De Francesco Magnussen sp. nov. Remarks Specimens of this genus show asymmetrical tarsal spurs and also differ from species of Protoschizomidae by the lack of a pair of setae at the base of the anterior process and the presence of a distinct stalk at the male flagellum. They also differ from members of Megaschizominae by having a smaller body size, lack of eight or nine setae on their anterior process and the presence of only one pair of setae on the tergites II -VII. Therefore, they are clearly members of subfamily Hubbardiinae. The specimens cannot be assigned to any extant genus because of their combination of characters. Diagnosis † Muellerizomus differs from all other hubbardiid genera by the following combination of characters: propeltidium with a single median seta followed by three pairs of setae; eye spots present or absent; metapeltidium not divided; body without clavate setae; pedipalp trochanter with a mesal spur (equivocal in † Mu. amandae); anterodorsal margin of femur of leg IV produced at an angle of ~90°; tergite II with one pair of setae; tergites X–XII not elongated; tergite XII with posterodorsal process; male flagellum dorsoventrally flattened; female flagellum with three annuli. Etymology The genus name is a patronym for private collector Patrick Müller, who provided the specimen and numerous others for examination, with the common suffix -zomus, from the last letters of Schizomus. It is masculine in gender. Comparison † M u e l l e r i z o m u s s h a r e s c h a r a c t e r s w i t h † Groehnizomus, but the latter has corneate eyes and a divided metapeltidium (eye spots and metapeltidium not divided in † Muellerizomus). Secozomus Harvey, 2001b from the Seychelles is also similar, but it lacks a posterodorsal process, and the anterodorsal margin of femur IV is angled at> 90°. For comparison with Recent genera, see the Supporting Information (Table S1).Published as part of Magnussen, Ilian De Francesco, Müller, Sandro P., Hammel, Jörg U., Kotthoff, Ulrich & Harms, Danilo, 2022, Diversity of schizomids (Arachnida: Schizomida) revealed by new fossil genera and species from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber with implications for a Gondwanan origin of the Burma Terrane, pp. 792-844 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196 on page 824, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac034, http://zenodo.org/record/718708
Groehnizomus DE FRANCESCO MAGNUSSEN & S.P. MÜLLER 2022, GEN. NOV.
No full text† GROEHNIZOMUS DE FRANCESCO MAGNUSSEN & S.P. MÜLLER GEN. NOV. S.P. MÜLLER GEN. NOV. (FIGS 12–23) Zoobank registration: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 64D36CD9-3AEE-4899-8DFA-5F6BAB6415F7 Type species: † Groehnizomus oculiferans De Francesco Magnussen & S.P. Müller sp. nov. Remarks Specimens of this genus show asymmetrical tarsal spurs and also differ from species of the Protoschizomidae by lack of the pair of setae at the base of the anterior process and the presence of a distinct stalk at the male flagellum. They also differ from members of Megaschizominae by having a smaller body size, lack of eight or nine setae on their anterior process and the presence of only one pair of setae on the tergites II– VII. Therefore, they are clearly members of subfamily Hubbardiinae. The specimens cannot be assigned to any extant genus because of their combination of characters. Diagnosis † Groehnizomus differs from all other hubbardiid genera through a combination of characters: anterior process with one seta followed by a pair of setae; propeltidium with a single seta followed by four pairs of setae (equivocal in † G. oculiferans); corneate eyes present; metapeltidium divided; body without clavate setae; pedipalp trochanter with a mesal spur; anterodorsal margin of femur of leg IV produced at an angle of ~90°; tergite II with one pair of setae; tergites X–XII not elongated; tergite XII with posterodorsal process; male flagellum dorsoventrally flattened. Etymology The genus name is a patronym for Carsten Gröhn, who donated the specimen, combined with the suffix -zomus, which is commonly used for schizomids. It is masculine in gender. Comparisons † Groehnizomus has similarities to Oculozomus Reddell & Cokendolpher, 1995 from Sumatra, but Oculozomus has a larger body size range of 3.5–6.0 mm. Both genera also differ in the shape of the male flagellum (round-bulbous in Oculozomus; subrhomboidal in † Groehnizomus). In Oculozomus, the femur of leg IV is <2.1 times longer than deep, but ~2.75–3.40 times longer than deep in † Groehnizomus. There are also similarities to † Mesozomus, but this genus lacks a posterodorsal process, has a single median seta followed by only three pairs of setae on the propeltidium and has an oblong-oval male flagellum. For comparison with Recent genera, see the Supporting Information (Table S1). Note In † G. oculiferans, the setation of the propeltidium is equivocal. Therefore, this character is not included in the comparison.Published as part of Magnussen, Ilian De Francesco, Müller, Sandro P., Hammel, Jörg U., Kotthoff, Ulrich & Harms, Danilo, 2022, Diversity of schizomids (Arachnida: Schizomida) revealed by new fossil genera and species from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber with implications for a Gondwanan origin of the Burma Terrane, pp. 792-844 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196 on page 810, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac034, http://zenodo.org/record/718708
Annazomus Magnussen & Müller & Hammel & Kotthoff & Harms 2022, GEN. NOV.
No full text† ANNAZOMUS DE FRANCESCO MAGNUSSEN & S.P. MÜLLER GEN. NOV. (FIGS 3–5) Zoobank registration: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 8FC98781-C14B-4E05-8E6F-A8EFD928E713 Type species: † Annazomus parvulus De Francesco Magnussen sp. nov. Remarks The tarsal spurs are not visible, but the specimen differs from species of Protoschizomidae by the lack of the pair of setae at the base of the anterior process and the presence of a distinct stalk at the male flagellum. It also differs from members of the Megaschizominae by having a smaller body size, the lack of eight or nine setae on its anterior process and the presence of only one pair of setae on the tergites II–VII. Therefore, it is clearly a member of subfamily Hubbardiinae. The specimen cannot be assigned to any extant genus because of its combination of characters. Diagnosis † Annazomus differs from all other hubbardiid genera by the following combination of characters: propeltidium with three pairs of setae; corneate eyes or eyespots absent; metapeltidium not divided; body without clavate setae; anterodorsal margin of femur of leg IV produced at an angle of ~90°; tergite II with one pair of setae, tergites X–XII not elongated; tergite XII with posterodorsal process; male flagellum dorsoventrally flattened. KEY TO THE FOSSIL GENERA FROM BURMESE AMBER 1. Propeltidium without single median seta …................................................................................................. 2– Propeltidium with single median seta…........................................................................................................ 4 2. Propeltidium with three pairs of setae, corneate eyes and eyespots absent, male flagellum shape rectangular–bulbous….................................................................................................. † Annazomus parvulus – Anterior process with a 2 + 1 setation, propeltidium with four pairs of setae, corneate eyes present …......................................................................................................................................................... 3 († Cretaceozomus) 3. Male flagellum shape long–bulbous …....................................................... † Cretaceozomus angustocaudatus – Male flagellum shape bulbous–subtriangular.........................................................† Cretaceozomus robustus 4. Segment XII without posterodorsal process …................................................................................................ 5– Segment XII with posterodorsal process …..................................................................................................... 6 5. Fixed finger of chelicerae with two small teeth between two larger outer teeth, femur IV length-to-width ratio <2.1, male flagellum shape oblong with rounded tip …......................................... † Mesozomus groehni 6. Propeltidium with four pairs of setae, male flagellum shape rhomboidal–subtriangular …....................................................................................................................................................................... 7 († Groehnizomus) – Propeltidium with three pairs of setae, male flagellum shape well rounded to subtriangular …................................................................................................................................................................. 8 († Muellerizomus) 7. Metapeltidium entire, claw-to-tarsus ratio bigger than half the length of the tarsus......................................................................................................................................................................… † Groehnizomus rodrigoi – Metapeltidium divided, claw-to-tarsus ratio smaller than half the length of the tarsus …............................................................................................................................................................. † Groehnizomus oculiferans 8. Corneate eyes and eyespots absent, metapeltidium divided, female flagellum with four flagellomeres …....................................................................................................................................... † Muellerizomus amandae – Eyespots present, metapeltidium entire …........................................................ † Muellerizomus palicaudatus Etymology The genus name was chosen in honour of the first author’s grandmother Anna and is combined with the suffix -zomus, which is commonly used for schizomids. It is masculine in gender. Comparison † Annazomus is most similar to the new genus † Muellerizomus (described below), which has a single median seta followed by three pairs of setae on the propeltidium, whereas † Annazomus has three pairs of setae on the propeltidium. † Muellerizomus has a rounded and flat flagellum with an apical tip and a w-shaped depression on the dorsal side, but in † Annazomus the male flagellum is nearly rectangular, with a bulbous elevation on each dorsal side without any depressions. For comparison with Recent genera, see the Supporting Information (Table S1).Published as part of Magnussen, Ilian De Francesco, Müller, Sandro P., Hammel, Jörg U., Kotthoff, Ulrich & Harms, Danilo, 2022, Diversity of schizomids (Arachnida: Schizomida) revealed by new fossil genera and species from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber with implications for a Gondwanan origin of the Burma Terrane, pp. 792-844 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196 on pages 795-797, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac034, http://zenodo.org/record/718708
Cretaceozomus robustus De Francesco & Magnussen 2022, SP. NOV.
No full text† CRETACEOZOMUS ROBUSTUS DE FRANCESCO MAGNUSSEN SP. NOV. MAGNUSSEN SP. NOV. (FIGS 9–11) Zoobank registration: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 5CCD94A5-55B5-44A2-929C-F441016866F9 Type material: Holotype (F i g. 9A –D), a d u l t homeomorphic ♂, collection no. GPIH05048; ex collection Carsten Gröhn (no. 11206). Diagnosis † Cretaceozomus robustus can be characterized by the following features: femur of leg IV 2.76 times longer than wide; flagellum shape semi-oval but thicker near the stalk of the flagellum. Etymology The specific epithet is the Latin, robustus, stout, referring to the robust body shape of the specimen. It is masculine in gender. Description Total length from anterior dorsal process to base of the flagellum ~ 2.86 mm. Colour (in amber): Pedipalps dark brown reddish; prosoma dark brown to reddish; metapeltidial region lighter brown yellowish; femora dark brown-reddish, other leg segments golden-ochre; chelicerae dark brown; opisthosoma dark brown; flagellum golden brown; original colouring equivocal. Prosoma: Length 1.25 mm; propeltidium length 1.07 mm, width 0.66 mm. Anterior process bent downwards with an apical tip, length 0.07 mm; setation: two setae next to each other followed by a single median seta. Propeltidium setation: four pairs of setae, first and second pair complete, third pair missing the left and fourth pair missing the right one owing to preservation (Fig. 10C, D). Corneate eyes present, clearly elevated above the surface of the propeltidium. Mesopeltidium width 0.2 mm. Metapeltidium not divided (Fig. 10A, B), length 0.31 mm, width 0.73 mm. Anterior sternum not entirely visible, with> 4 + 2 sternapophysial setae, length 0.31 mm, width not measurable owing to taphonomic processes. Posterior sternum covered by a syninclusion and not visible. Chelicerae: Setation on the mesal side of chelicerae not visible, except for G6-1 and some setae of G1 and G2. Pedipalps: Without armature except for a mesal spur on trochanter; trochanter setation: six ventral strong setae, three ventroectal, three mesal setae in tubercles; femur: longer than trochanter, setation: seven dorsal, two ectal, two+ dorsomesal, two+ mesal; patella: shorter than femur, setation: three mesal, seven ectal, four dorsomesal, four dorsoectal, three dorsal; tibia: shorter than patella, setation: five dorsomesal, four ventromesal, five ectal, three dorsoectal, nine mesal, two dorsal; tarsus: with asymmetrical tarsal spurs, spur length: 0.03 mm, setation: five ectal, four dorsoectal, three dorsal, four dorsomesal, five mesal; claw: long and straight, slightly longer than half the length of tarsus. Legs: Right leg I aborted at the end of the coxa, left leg well preserved and complete, tarsus with six segments, leg I ~1.29 times longer than the body; anterodorsal margin of femur of leg IV produced at an angle of ~90°, leg IV 2.76 times longer than deep; leg IV 1.15 times longer than the total body length; leg formula: 1423. Opisthosoma: Length 1.61 mm, width 0.93 mm (opisthosoma compressed owing to preservation). Tergites X–XII not elongated, tergite XII with a small posterodorsal process. Abdominal tergites setation: I– VII: Dm; VIII: Dm, Dl1, left one missing; IX: Dl1, Dl2; X: not visible; XI: Dl1, Dl2; XII: Dm, Dl1; setation pattern: 2:2:2:2:2:2:2:4:4:?:4:4. Flagellum: dorsoventrally flattened, semioval shape, broader near the stalk, slightly more slender at the posterior end, tip rounded (Fig. 11A–D), length 0.34 mm, width 0.33 mm; stalk length 0.14 mm; setation: Dm1 not visible; Dm4; Dl2 paired, sitting lateral; Dl3 paired with the left one aborted; Vm1; Vm2 paired; Vm3 paired; Vm5; Vl2 paired with right one aborted; between Dl2 and Dl3 four microsetae on each side. Pair Vl1 absent in this species. Further measurements: Pedipalp: trochanter 0.39 mm; femur 0.63 mm; patella 0.56 mm; tibia 0.49 mm; tarsus 0.24 mm; claw 0.14 mm; total length 2.45 mm. Leg I: trochanter 0.23 mm; femur 0.84 mm; patella 0.94 mm; tibia 0.95 mm; metatarsus 0.35 mm; tarsus (tarsus segments) 0.39 mm (0.06 mm; 0.06 mm; 0.06 mm; 0.05 mm; 0.05 mm; 0.11 mm); total length 3.70 mm. Leg II: trochanter 0.16 mm; femur 0.73 mm; patella 0.45 mm; tibia 0.35 mm; metatarsus 0.42 mm; tarsus (tarsus segments) 0.36 mm (0.19 mm; 0.07 mm; 0.10 mm); total length 2.47 mm. Leg III: trochanter 0.20 mm; femur 0.72 mm; patella 0.30 mm; tibia 0.32mm; metatarsus 0.44 mm; tarsus (tarsus segments) 0.31 mm (0.13 mm; 0.06 mm; 0.12 mm); total length 2.29 mm. Leg IV: trochanter 0.21 mm; femur 1.16 mm; patella 0.39 mm; tibia 0.60 mm; metatarsus 0.55 mm; tarsus (tarsus segments) 0.39 mm (0.20 mm; 0.06 mm; 0.13 mm); total length 3.30 mm.Published as part of Magnussen, Ilian De Francesco, Müller, Sandro P., Hammel, Jörg U., Kotthoff, Ulrich & Harms, Danilo, 2022, Diversity of schizomids (Arachnida: Schizomida) revealed by new fossil genera and species from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber with implications for a Gondwanan origin of the Burma Terrane, pp. 792-844 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196 on pages 806-809, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac034, http://zenodo.org/record/718708
Groehnizomus oculiferans DE FRANCESCO MAGNUSSEN & S.P. MÜLLER 2022, SP. NOV.
No full text† GROEHNIZOMUS OCULIFERANS DE FRANCESCO MAGNUSSEN & S.P. MÜLLER SP. NOV. MAGNUSSEN & S.P. MÜLLER SP. NOV. (FIGS 12–19) Zoobank registration: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 4291F40C-1BA1-4A9C-A668-0E1AA2E65B38 Type material: Holotype (Figs 12A–D, 13A–D), adult homeomorphic ♂, collection no. GPIH05049, ex collection Carsten Gröhn (no. 11266); paratype (Fig. 17A–D), adult heteromorphic ♂, collection no. GPIH05055, ex collection Carsten Gröhn (no. 11210). Diagnosis † Groehnizomus oculiferans can be characterized by the following features: slender pedipalps; flagellum shape flat and subrhomboidal with a rounded tip. Etymology The specific name is derived from Latin oculus, eye and feree, to bear, referring to the presence of eyes in this specimen, which is a rare occurence in Recent schizomids. It is masculine in gender. Description Total length from the anterior process to base of the flagellum 2.56 mm. Colour (in amber): Legs I–III, end of the propeltidium and metapeltidium yellowish brown, nearly transparent; anterior propeltidium, pedipalps, opisthosoma, legs IV and flagellum brownish red, original colouring equivocal. Prosoma: Length 1.13 mm; propeltidium length 0.91 mm, width 0.35 mm; anterior process broad at the base with apical tip, length 0.08 mm; setation: one seta near the tip (visible only from directly above) followed by two setae, one next to the other. Propeltidium setation: only one more single median seta on the propeltidium between the anterior process and the eyes (Fig. 14A, B). No other setae observed owing to taphonomic processes. Corneate eyes present, clearly elevated above the surface of the propeltidium. Mesopeltidia width 0.15 mm. Metapeltidium divided (Fig. 14C, D), length 0.24 mm, width (from outer margin of left plate to outer margin of right plate) 0.52 mm. Anterior sternum with 10 + 2 sternapophysial setae, length 0.36 mm, width 0.24 mm. Posterior sternum with six setae, length 0.14 mm, width 0.15 mm. Pedipalps: Without armature, except for mesal spur on trochater; trochanter produced distally (Fig. 15A–F), setation: six large and strong ventral setae, four ventroectal, two mesal; femur: marginal longer than trochanter, setation: nine dorsal, a single seta, eight in a row, three ventroectal, four ventromesal; patella: nearly as long as the femur, setation: four dorsal, three mesal, two dorsoectal, four ectal, two ventroectal; tibia: shorter than patella, setation: five ventroectal, five ventromesal, four dorsal, five dorsoectal, three dorsomesal; tarsus: with asymmetrical tarsal spurs, spur length: 0.02 mm, setation: + three dorsal, three ventromesal, four dorsomesal, four dorsoectal, three ventroectal, two mesal; claw: bent downwards, about one-third of the length of tarsus. Chelicerae: Setation of the mesal side of chelicerae not visible, except for G6-1. Legs: Left leg I aborted at the trochanter, right one well preserved and complete, tarsus with seven segments, leg I ~1.54 times as long as the body; anterodorsal margin of femur of leg IV produced at an angle of ~90°, femur of leg IV is 3.4 times longer than deep, leg IV 1.18 times longer than the body, leg formula: 1423. Opisthosoma: Length 1.43 mm, width 0.48 mm; tergites X–XII not elongated, tergite XII with a tiny posterodorsal process. Abdominal tergites setation: I: Dm, right one missing; II–VII: Dm; VIII: Dm, Dl1; IX: Dl1, Dl2; X: not visible; XI: Dl1; XII: Dm, Dl1, Dl2; setation pattern: 2:2:2:2:2:2:2:4:4:?:2:6. Flagellum: dorsoventrally flattened, subrhomboidal in shape but with a rounded tip (holotype Fig. 16A–G; paratype Fig. 19A–D), length 0.26 mm, width 0.26 mm; stalk length 0.08 mm; setation: Dm1, Dl2 paired, Dm4, Dl3 paired, Vm1, Vm2 paired, Vm3 paired, Vl1 paired, Vm5, Vl2 paired. Holotype further measurements: Pedipalp: trochanter 0.34mm; femur 0.36 mm; patella 0.37 mm; tibia 0.29 mm; tarsus 0.22 mm; claw 0.07 mm; total length 1.65 mm. Leg I: trochanter 0.18 mm; femur 1.01 mm; patella 1.24 mm; tibia 0.80 mm; metatarsus 0.31 mm; tarsus (tarsus segments) 0.41 mm (0.04 mm; 0.03 mm; 0.04 mm; 0.05 mm; 0.06 mm; 0.06 mm; 0.13 mm); total length 3.95 mm. Leg II: trochanter 0.11 mm; femur 0.69 mm; patella 0.31 mm; tibia 0.39 mm; metatarsus 0.40 mm; tarsus (tarsus segments) 0.30 mm (0.14 mm; 0.07 mm; 0.09 mm); claw 0.05 mm; total length 2.25 mm. Leg III: trochanter 0.15 mm; femur 0.58 mm; patella 0.22 mm; tibia 0.35 mm; metatarsus 0.38 mm; tarsus (tarsus segments) 0.30 mm (0.14 mm; 0.07 mm; 0.09 mm); claw 0.05 mm; total length 2.03 mm. Leg IV: trochanter 0.18 mm; femur 1.06 mm; patella 0.27 mm; tibia 0.61 mm; metatarsus 0.57 mm; tarsus (tarsus segments) 0.39 mm (0.16 mm; 0.08 mm; 0.15 mm); claw 0.07 mm; total length 3.01 mm. Paratype further measurements: Total length from the anterior process to base of the flagellum: 2.56 mm. Prosoma length 1.18 mm; propeltidium length 0.77mm, width 0.35 mm. Pedipalp: trochanter 0.42 mm; femur 0.69 mm; patella 0.85 mm; tibia 0.41 mm; tarsus 0.25 mm; total length 2.62 mm. Leg I: trochanter 0.25 mm; femur> 1.27 mm; patella missing; tibia missing; metatarsus missing; tarsus missing; total length> 1.52 mm. Leg II: trochanter 0.13 mm; femur 0.65 mm; patella 0.38 mm; tibia 0.45 mm; metatarsus 0.31 mm; tarsus 0.34 mm; total length 2.26 mm. Leg III: trochanter 0.15 mm; femur 0.66 mm; patella 0.29 mm; tibia 0.37 mm; metatarsus 0.51 mm; tarsus 0.27 mm; total length 2.25 mm. Leg IV: trochanter 0.25 mm; femur 1.09 mm; patella 0.41 mm; tibia 0.68 mm; metatarsus 0.61 mm; tarsus 0.42 mm; total length 3.46 mm. Leg IV is 1.35 times longer than the body. Opistosoma: length 1.38 mm, width 0.51 mm. Flagellum: length 0.29 mm, width 0.23 mm; stalk length 0.08 mm. Variations: Paratype with heteromorphic pedipalps, nearly as long as the body (Fig. 18A, B), 0.62 times the body length in the holotype; femur of leg IV is 2.75 818 I. DE FRANCESCO MAGNUSSEN ET AL. times longer than deep, 3.4 times longer than deep in the holotype.Published as part of Magnussen, Ilian De Francesco, Müller, Sandro P., Hammel, Jörg U., Kotthoff, Ulrich & Harms, Danilo, 2022, Diversity of schizomids (Arachnida: Schizomida) revealed by new fossil genera and species from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber with implications for a Gondwanan origin of the Burma Terrane, pp. 792-844 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196 on pages 810-818, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac034, http://zenodo.org/record/718708
Pulmonary O2 diffusing capacity at exercise by a modified rebreathing method
No full textThe rebreathing technique for the measurement of the pulmonary O2 diffusing capacity, D(O2) previously developed for resting conditions has been modified for application to exercise and simplified to one rebreathing maneuver only. The changes consist of: 1) in administering in the course of a normoxic exercise a priming breath of an O2 free mixture just before the onset of rebreathing in order to achieve rapidly the appropriate starting P(O2) values on the linear part of the O2 dissociation curve as required by the method; 2) in calculating mixed venous blood O2 tension by extrapolation of the alveolar to mixed venous blood P(O2) equilibration curve, instead of determining it separately. While the mean D(O2) value of 21 measurements on 5 subjects at rest was 30 ml . min-1 . Torr-1 ± 3 (S.E.), in 2 subjects exercising on a bicycle ergometer, D(O2) was found to increase from a resting value of about 32 ml . min-1 . Torr-1 to 107 ml . min-1 . Torr-1 for an eightfold increase of O2 uptake. The validity and the applicability of the method are critically discussed
Effects of decentralization and recentralization on economic dimensions of health systems.
No full textDecentralization has become a popular management strategy in many European health care systems. The term describes a wide variety of power transfer arrangements and accountability systems. The logic of decentralization is grounded in an intrinsically powerful idea; that smaller organizations, properly structured and steered, are inherently more agile and accountable than larger organizations. In a world where large organizations control wide swathes of both public and private sector activity, the possibility of establishing more locally operated, locally responsible institutions holds out great attraction.
This text explores the capacity and impact of decentralization within European health care systems. It examines both the theoretical underpinnings as well as recent practical experiences, drawing upon both published literature and evidence collected directly from the field
Muellerizomus palicaudatus De Francesco Magnussen 2022, SP. NOV.
No full text† MUELLERIZOMUS PALICAUDATUS DE FRANCESCO MAGNUSSEN SP. NOV. (FIGS 32–34) Zoobank registration: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: FAEA5DC9-66A7-4500-822C-D37A86820FB3 Type material: Holotype Holotype (Fig. 32A–D), adult homeomorphic ♂, collection no. GPIH04894, ex collection Patrick Müller (no. BUB558). Diagnosis † Muellerizomus palicaudatus differs from other genera by a combination of characters: pedipalps short and delicate; flagellum spatulate and semicircular at the base but narrowed and triangular posteriorly; depression on the dorsal side of the flagellum shaped like a dumbell. Etymology The specific epithet is based on the Latin words pala, shovel, and cauda, tail, referring to the spatulate male flagellum. It is masculine in gender. Description Total length from the anterior process to the base of the flagellum 2.15 mm. C o l o u r (i n a m b e r): O c h r e – g o l d e n; p r o s o m a, opisthosoma, flagellum and pedipalps light brown– golden; legs greenish golden, original colouring equivocal. Prosoma (Fig. 33A, B): Length 0.95 mm; propeltidium length ~ 0.83 mm (owing to the anterior process being missing), width 0.25 mm. Anterior process ripped apart, no setation visible. Propeltidium setation: a single median seta followed by three pairs of setae, left one missing in second pair, only left tubercle visible in third pair. Eye spots present. Mesopeltidia width (left) 0.17 mm, right one not visible owing to an air bubble in the amber. Metapeltidium not divided, length 0.25 mm, width 0.48 mm. No sternum visible owing to air bubbles in the amber. Chelicerae: Setation of the mesal side of chelicerae not visible, except for G6-1. Pedipalps: Short, without armature except for a mesal spur on trochanter (Fig. 33C, D); trochanter setation: ventral five strong setae in bulbous tubercles, three mesal setae in tubercles; femur: longer than trochanter, setation: six dorsal, two dorsomesal, two mesal; patella: shorter than femur, setation: four mesal, four ectal, five dorsomesal, three dorsoectal, three dorsal, two ventral; tibia: shorter than patella, setation: four ventral, one ventroectal, five dorsal, four ectal, four dorsoectal, three mesal; tarsus: with asymmetrical tarsal spurs, spur length 0.02 mm, setation: three ectal, three dorsoectal, three dorsal, four dorsomesal, five mesal, four ventral; claw: long, about two-thirds as long as the length of tarsus. Legs: Left leg I aborted at the trochanter, right leg I well preserved and complete, tarsus with six segments, leg I ~1.58 times as long as the body; anterodorsal margin of femur of leg IV produced at an angle of ~90°, femur of leg IV 3.12 times longer than deep, leg IV 1.19 times longer than the total body length; leg formula: 1423. Opisthosoma: Length 1.2 mm, width 0.49 mm; segments X–XII not elongated, XII with a rounded posterodorsal process pointing upwards at an angle of ~45°. Abdominal tergites setation: I–VIII: Dm; IX: Dl1, Dl2; X: not visible; XI: Dl1; XII: Dm, Dl1; setation pattern: 2:2:2:2:2:2:2:2:4:?:2:4. Flagellum: dorsoventrally flattened, semicircular shape at the base that narrows down towards the posterior end into a triangular shape with a rounded tip, depression on the dorsal side of the flagellum shaped like a dumbbell (Fig. 34A–D), length 0.26 mm, width 0.24 mm; stalk length 0.08 mm; setation: Dm1, Dl2 paired, Dm4, Dl3 paired, Vm1, Vm2 paired, Vm3 paired, Vl1 paired, Vm5, Vl2 paired. Further measurements: Pedipalp: trochanter 0.19 mm; femur 0.29 mm; patella 0.25 mm; tibia 0.17 mm; tarsus 0.15 mm; claw 0.10 mm; total length 1.15 mm. Leg I: trochanter 0.19 mm; femur 0.79 mm; patella 0.99 mm; tibia 0.69 mm; metatarsus 0.28 mm; tarsus (tarsus segments) 0.46 mm (0.05 mm; 0.06 mm; 0.05 mm; 0.06 mm; 0.06 mm; 0.18 mm); total length 3.40 mm. Leg II: trochanter 0.14 mm; femur 0.59 mm; patella 0.29 mm; tibia 0.31 mm; metatarsus 0.30 mm; tarsus (tarsus segments) 0.30 mm (0.09 mm; 0.10 mm; 0.11 mm); total length 1.93 mm. Leg III: trochanter 0.15 mm; femur 0.52 mm; patella 0.19 mm; tibia 0.26 mm; metatarsus 0.32 mm; tarsus (tarsus segments) 0.27 mm (0.11 mm; 0.06 mm; 0.10 mm); total length 1.71 mm. Leg IV: trochanter 0.18 mm; femur 0.78 mm; patella 0.35 mm; tibia 0.52 mm; metatarsus 0.42 mm; tarsus (tarsus segments) 0.30 mm (0.10 mm; 0.08 mm; 0.12 mm); total length 2.55 mm.Published as part of Magnussen, Ilian De Francesco, Müller, Sandro P., Hammel, Jörg U., Kotthoff, Ulrich & Harms, Danilo, 2022, Diversity of schizomids (Arachnida: Schizomida) revealed by new fossil genera and species from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber with implications for a Gondwanan origin of the Burma Terrane, pp. 792-844 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196 on pages 832-833, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac034, http://zenodo.org/record/718708
Annazomus parvulus Magnussen & Müller & Hammel & Kotthoff & Harms 2022, SP. NOV.
No full text† ANNAZOMUS PARVULUS DE FRANCESCO MAGNUSSEN SP. NOV. (FIGS 3–5) Zoobank registration: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 9221DD2F-0C17-48AC-8904-C18E18A05F96 Type material: Holotype (Fig. 3A –D), adult homeomorphic ♂, collection no. GPIH 04893; ex collection Patrick Müller (no. BUB556). Diagnosis Pedipalps short; flagellum shape nearly rectangular, with a bulbous elevation on the left and right dorsal side; small body size of 1.95 mm. Etymology The specific epithet is Latin parvulus, small, referring to the small body size of the specimen. It is masculine in gender. Description Total length from the anterior process to the base of the flagellum 1.95 mm. Colour (in amber): Light brown and golden; prosoma, opisthosoma, flagellum, femur IV and pedipalps slightly darker brown golden; leg I golden and translucent, original colouring equivocal. Prosoma: Length 0.83 mm; propeltidium length 0.68 mm, width 0.32 mm. Anterior process sharply bent down, length not measurable; setation: one seta, sitting on the left side of the anterior process, no further setation visible; small round holes in the proximal part of the propeltidium prevent reconstruction of further setation, but there might have been a pair of setae with the right one now missing, definite setation remains unclear. Propeltidium setation prosoma: three pairs, first pair of setae still in place, second pair left one aborted, third pair both aborted with only left tubercle visible, right one not visible owing to a crack in the amber covering parts of the propeltidium. Corneate eyes and eyespots absent. Mesopeltidia width (right): ~ 0.11 mm, left one not visible owing to an air bubble in the amber. Metapeltidium not divided with a thin suture (Fig. 4A, B), length 0.2 mm, width 0.42 mm. Anterior sternum with 10 + 2 sternapophysial setae, length 0.24 mm, width 0.22 mm. Posterior sternum with six setae, length 0.12 mm, width 0.11 mm. Chelicerae: Setation of the mesal side of chelicerae not visible, except for G6-1. Pedipalps: Short and slim, without armature (Fig. 4C, D), mesal spur on trochanter not visible; trochanter setation: five ventral strong setae, two ectal, four mesal setae; femur: longer than trochanter, setation: five dorsal, three ectal, two ventroectal, three mesal; patella: shorter than femur, setation: four mesal, two ectal, four dorsomesal, two dorsoectal, three dorsal; tibia: shorter than patella, setation: three dorsomesal, three ectal, two ventroectal, two dorsoectal, five mesal; tarsus: with tarsal spurs, spur length: 0.02 mm, setation: three ectal, four dorsoectal, four ventroectal, two dorsal, three dorsomesal, three+ ventromesal, five mesal, two+ ventral; claw: straight, slightly longer than half the length of tarsus. Legs: Right leg I aborted at the trochanter, left leg well preserved and complete, tarsus with six segments, leg I ~1.37 times longer than the body; anterodorsal margin of femur of leg IV produced at an angle of ~90°, femur of leg IV 2.65 times longer than deep; leg IV> 1.04 times longer than the total body length; leg formula: 1423. Opisthosoma: Length 1.12 mm, width 0.42 mm; tergites X–XII not elongated, tergite XII with a large, rectangular posterodorsal process. Abdominal tergites setation: I: Dm; II: Dm; III: Dm, left missing; IV: Dm, both missing; V: Dm, both missing; VI: Dm; VII: Dm, both missing; VIII: Dm, left missing, Dl1; IX: Dl1, Dl2; X: Dl1; XI: Dl1; XII: Dm, Dl1, setation pattern: 2:2:2:2:2:2:2:4:4:2:2:4. Flagellum: dorsoventrally flattened, rectangular with an apical tip at the posterior end, on the dorsal side with a bulbous elevation each left and right near the posterior end (Fig. 5A–G), length 0.17 mm, width 0.22 mm; stalk length ~ 0.09 mm; setation: Dm1, Dl2 paired, Dm4, Dl3 paired and nearly at the posterior end of the flagellum, Vm1, Vm2 paired, Vm3 paired, Vl1 paired, Vm5, Vl2 paired. Further measurements: Pedipalp: trochanter 0.16 mm; femur 0.26 mm; patella 0.23 mm; tibia 0.20 mm; tarsus 0.13 mm; claw 0.07 mm; total length 1.05 mm. Leg I: trochanter 0.19 mm; femur 0.61 mm; patella 0.71 mm; tibia 0.58 mm; metatarsus 0.24 mm; tarsus (tarsus segments) 0.34 mm (0.04 mm; 0.04 mm; 0.04 mm; 0.04 mm; 0.05 mm; 0.13 mm); total length 2.67 mm. Leg II: t r o c h a n t e r 0.1 2 m m; f e m u r 0.4 9 m m; p a t e l l a 0.22 mm; tibia 0.25 mm; metatarsus 0.29 mm; tarsus (tarsus segments) 0.26 mm (0.10 mm; 0.06 mm; 0.10 mm); total length 1.63 mm. Leg III: trochanter 0.13 mm; femur 0.48 mm; patella 0.17 mm; tibia 0.19 mm; metatarsus 0.25 mm; tarsus (tarsus segments) 0.26 mm (0.12 mm; 0.06 mm; 0.08 mm); total length 1.48 mm. Leg IV: trochanter 0.19 mm; femur 0.70 mm; patella> 0.22 mm; tibia> 0.29 mm; metatarsus 0.35 mm; tarsus (tarsus segments) 0.2 8 m m (0.1 1 m m; 0.0 6 m m; 0.1 1 m m); t o t a l length> 2.03 mm.Published as part of Magnussen, Ilian De Francesco, Müller, Sandro P., Hammel, Jörg U., Kotthoff, Ulrich & Harms, Danilo, 2022, Diversity of schizomids (Arachnida: Schizomida) revealed by new fossil genera and species from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber with implications for a Gondwanan origin of the Burma Terrane, pp. 792-844 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196 on pages 797-801, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac034, http://zenodo.org/record/718708
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