126 research outputs found
Groundwater pollution and coastal areas: the example of Murgia and Salento
No full textThe quality and quantity of groundwater flow is very important for hydrological and ecological equilibrium where groundwater flowing into sea and transitional environments, located near the coastline, is higher than river flow. This is the case of Murgia Plateau (Murgia) and of Salentine Peninsula (Salento), located in the Apulian Region, South-eastern Italy, study area selected for this research.
Data collected by many monitoring campaigns in which wells and coastal springs were sampled are discussed. The specific electrical conductivity and the ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, chlorine, manganese and some heavy metals (As, Cd, Hg, Pb, Zn) concentrations are considered together with bacteriological parameters.The in force normative is considered as comparative criteria.
The groundwater pollution is quite null only in inner areas of Murgia and Salento, constituted by a portion of recharge zone of aquifers. Groundwater flowing form these areas to the sea are progressively polluted. This pollution load discharges into sea or into humid area, constituting a huge hazard for ecological equilibrium of valuable sites.PublishedDivjaka, Albaniaope
Groundwater pollution and coastal areas: the example of Murgia and Salento
No full textThe quality and quantity of groundwater flow is very important for hydrological and ecological equilibrium where groundwater flowing into sea and transitional environments, located near the coastline, is higher than river flow. This is the case of Murgia Plateau (Murgia) and of Salentine Peninsula (Salento), located in the Apulian Region, South-eastern Italy, study area selected for this research.
Data collected by many monitoring campaigns in which wells and coastal springs were sampled are discussed. The specific electrical conductivity and the ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, chlorine, manganese and some heavy metals (As, Cd, Hg, Pb, Zn) concentrations are considered together with bacteriological parameters.The in force normative is considered as comparative criteria.
The groundwater pollution is quite null only in inner areas of Murgia and Salento, constituted by a portion of recharge zone of aquifers. Groundwater flowing form these areas to the sea are progressively polluted. This pollution load discharges into sea or into humid area, constituting a huge hazard for ecological equilibrium of valuable sites.PublishedDivjaka, Albaniaope
Predictors of carotid clamping intolerance during endarterectomy that would be wise to apply to stenting procedures
No full textMappatura speditiva della qualità delle acque sotterranee pugliesi
No full textA methodology is proposed for groundwater quality classification, using a restricted number of analytical parameters (chemical-physical and not desirable substances). For Apulian aquifers, the authors experiment and modify previous scientific experiences in relation to the hydrogeological specific setting.Published3-10N/A or not JCRope
Mappatura speditiva della qualità delle acque sotterranee pugliesi
No full textA methodology is proposed for groundwater quality classification, using a restricted number of analytical parameters (chemical-physical and not desirable substances). For Apulian aquifers, the authors experiment and modify previous scientific experiences in relation to the hydrogeological specific setting.Published3-10N/A or not JCRope
Salt contamination of Apulian aquifers: spatial and time trend
No full textThe quality of groundwater of Apulian carbonate aquifers is severely affected by salt contamination due to seawater intrusion. Due the scarcity of surface water resources, the characterization of groundwater quality degradation risks and of spatial and temporal trend of degradation are particularly important in the region.
To pursue these results considering the risk of salt contamination due to seawater intrusion, a simple salinity threshold approach, based on the determination of a single value dividing fresh groundwater from seawater contaminated groundwater, is proposed for Apulian groundwater. The threshold can be considered equal to 0.5 g/l for the Apulian karstic and costal aquifers. The spatial trend of 0.5 g/l salinity contour line in the period 1981-2003 is characterized. Along the areas close to the Adriatic and Ionian shoreline groundwater saline contamination is resulted to be a long-standing phenomenon. Only the Murgia interior and a restricted strip in the middle of the Salentine Peninsula have not been contaminated so far.
The salt contamination is also characterized considering 17 time series of monthly chloride concentration, a parameter which can highlight the seawater contamination effects. Data from 1968 to 2001 are considered and compared with rainfall and temperature time series. The increased saline contamination is closely related to droughty years and to the increasing discharge by wells. Before 1980, no significant concentration increase was reported in the majority of wells. The phenomenon became apparent in the late 80s after some dry years that result in a reduced recharge of aquifers and increased groundwater withdrawals. Time series of mean annual values of specific electrical conductivity are also discussed.
It is confirmed the existence of areas considerable protected from the seawater intrusion, of areas exhibited in serious manner to the salt pollution and, finally, of an immense portion of territory in which the quality of the groundwater depends exclusively from our capacity to manage the water resources.PublishedCagliariope
Salt contamination of Apulian aquifers: spatial and time trend
No full textThe quality of groundwater of Apulian carbonate aquifers is severely affected by salt contamination due to seawater intrusion. Due the scarcity of surface water resources, the characterization of groundwater quality degradation risks and of spatial and temporal trend of degradation are particularly important in the region.
To pursue these results considering the risk of salt contamination due to seawater intrusion, a simple salinity threshold approach, based on the determination of a single value dividing fresh groundwater from seawater contaminated groundwater, is proposed for Apulian groundwater. The threshold can be considered equal to 0.5 g/l for the Apulian karstic and costal aquifers. The spatial trend of 0.5 g/l salinity contour line in the period 1981-2003 is characterized. Along the areas close to the Adriatic and Ionian shoreline groundwater saline contamination is resulted to be a long-standing phenomenon. Only the Murgia interior and a restricted strip in the middle of the Salentine Peninsula have not been contaminated so far.
The salt contamination is also characterized considering 17 time series of monthly chloride concentration, a parameter which can highlight the seawater contamination effects. Data from 1968 to 2001 are considered and compared with rainfall and temperature time series. The increased saline contamination is closely related to droughty years and to the increasing discharge by wells. Before 1980, no significant concentration increase was reported in the majority of wells. The phenomenon became apparent in the late 80s after some dry years that result in a reduced recharge of aquifers and increased groundwater withdrawals. Time series of mean annual values of specific electrical conductivity are also discussed.
It is confirmed the existence of areas considerable protected from the seawater intrusion, of areas exhibited in serious manner to the salt pollution and, finally, of an immense portion of territory in which the quality of the groundwater depends exclusively from our capacity to manage the water resources.PublishedCagliariope
Characterisation of the ionian-lucanian coastal plain aquifer (Italy)
No full textThe considered study area is, subjected to a semiarid climate, lying in Southern Italy. Data coming from 1130 boreholes have been considered to define the geological and hydrogeological set-up of the study area and for estimating the groundwater use and the salt-related groundwater quality degradation.
The aquifers are constituted by marine terraces deposits, river valley alluvial deposits and alluvial and coastal deposits. Groundwater flow is mainly unconfined in the marine terraces and in the river valleys while it becomes mostly confined in the coastal plain aquifer. Being the direct natural recharge extremely low, the recharge of this coastal aquifer is mainly guaranteed by the discharge from upward aquifers and from the river leakage.
Two dominant types of groundwater have been distinguished: the HCO3-Ca (in the marine terraces and in the alluvial deposits) and SO4-Cl-Na (in the coastal plain deposits). The variability of major ions contents is related to many factors such as the different lithologies of the aquifers, the seawater intrusion, the mixing with river water and the impact of intensive farming.
As regards the presence of the seawater intrusion in the study area, the analysis of the concentration maps of TDS, groundwater electrical conductivity and of the ions present in seawater, generally indicate that seawater contamination is relevant along a strip of land stretching for 2.5-3 km from the coastline inwards.
The new acquired knowledge permits to delineate scenarios useful for an optimization of the groundwater resources tapping and for pursuing the safeguard of them.Published225-236N/A or not JCRope
Karstic aquifer vulnerability assessment methods and results at a test site (Apulia, southern Italy)
No full textKarstic aquifers are well known for their vulnerability to groundwater contamination. This is due to characteristics such as thin soils and point recharge in dolines, shafts, and swallow holes. In karstic areas, groundwater is often the only freshwater source. This is the case of the Apulia region (south-eastern Italy), where a large and deep carbonate aquifer, affected by karstic and fracturing phenomena, is located. Several methods (GOD, DRASTIC, SINTACS, EPIK, PI, and COP) for the assessment of the intrinsic vulnerability (<i>Iv</i>) were selected and applied to an Apulian test site, for which a complete data set was set up. The intrinsic vulnerability maps, produced using a GIS approach, show vulnerability from low to very high. The maximum vulnerability is always due to karstic features. A comparison approach of the maps is proposed. <br><br> The advantages and disadvantages of each method are discussed. In general terms, three groups can be distinguished. The GOD method is useful for mapping large areas with high vulnerability contrasts. DRASTIC and SINTACS are "any-type aquifer" methods that have some limitations in applications to karstic aquifers, especially in the case of DRASTIC. EPIK, PI, and COP, which were designed to be applied to carbonate or karstic aquifers, supply affordable results, highly coherent with karstic and hydrogeological features, and reliable procedures, especially in the case of PI and COP. The latter appears simpler to apply and more flexible in considering the role of climatic parameters. If <i>Iv</i> of each method is considered, the highest variability is observed in cells in the neighbourhood of karstic features. In these spatial domains, additional efforts to define more reliable and global methods are required
Characterisation of the ionian-lucanian coastal plain aquifer (Italy)
No full textThe considered study area is, subjected to a semiarid climate, lying in Southern Italy. Data coming from 1130 boreholes have been considered to define the geological and hydrogeological set-up of the study area and for estimating the groundwater use and the salt-related groundwater quality degradation.
The aquifers are constituted by marine terraces deposits, river valley alluvial deposits and alluvial and coastal deposits. Groundwater flow is mainly unconfined in the marine terraces and in the river valleys while it becomes mostly confined in the coastal plain aquifer. Being the direct natural recharge extremely low, the recharge of this coastal aquifer is mainly guaranteed by the discharge from upward aquifers and from the river leakage.
Two dominant types of groundwater have been distinguished: the HCO3-Ca (in the marine terraces and in the alluvial deposits) and SO4-Cl-Na (in the coastal plain deposits). The variability of major ions contents is related to many factors such as the different lithologies of the aquifers, the seawater intrusion, the mixing with river water and the impact of intensive farming.
As regards the presence of the seawater intrusion in the study area, the analysis of the concentration maps of TDS, groundwater electrical conductivity and of the ions present in seawater, generally indicate that seawater contamination is relevant along a strip of land stretching for 2.5-3 km from the coastline inwards.
The new acquired knowledge permits to delineate scenarios useful for an optimization of the groundwater resources tapping and for pursuing the safeguard of them.Published225-236N/A or not JCRope
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