187 research outputs found
Brown-field gradual migration planning toward spectrally-spatially flexible optical networks
No full textIn this paper, we motivate a brown-field migrationplanning as a cost-efficient procedure to scale the capacity ofshort-term realizable elastic optical networks (EONs), graduallyconverting them into spectrally-spatially flexible optical networks(SS-FONs). After a formal statement of the brown-field EON toSS-FON migration planning problem, a Stochastic Iterated LocalSearch (SILS) metaheuristic is presented to solve it in realistictime-scales. Using the proposed metaheuristic, we study themigration of two different reference backbone EONs to SS-FONsbased in realistic traffic forecasts up to year 2031, accountingfor both unicast and anycast traffic types. The obtained resultsalso serve to highlight the good performance of the proposedSILS metaheuristic versus alternative heuristic approaches usedas benchmark.The work of P. Lechowicz and K. Walkowiak was supported by NationalScience Centre, Poland under Grant 2017/27/B/ST7/00888. The work ofJ. Perell ́o and S. Spadaro was supported by the Spanish Government throughproject ALLIANCE-B (TEC2017-90034-C2-2-R) with FEDER contributionPeer Reviewe
Brown-field gradual migration planning toward spectrally-spatially flexible optical networks
No full textIn this paper, we motivate a brown-field migrationplanning as a cost-efficient procedure to scale the capacity ofshort-term realizable elastic optical networks (EONs), graduallyconverting them into spectrally-spatially flexible optical networks(SS-FONs). After a formal statement of the brown-field EON toSS-FON migration planning problem, a Stochastic Iterated LocalSearch (SILS) metaheuristic is presented to solve it in realistictime-scales. Using the proposed metaheuristic, we study themigration of two different reference backbone EONs to SS-FONsbased in realistic traffic forecasts up to year 2031, accountingfor both unicast and anycast traffic types. The obtained resultsalso serve to highlight the good performance of the proposedSILS metaheuristic versus alternative heuristic approaches usedas benchmark.The work of P. Lechowicz and K. Walkowiak was supported by NationalScience Centre, Poland under Grant 2017/27/B/ST7/00888. The work ofJ. Perell ́o and S. Spadaro was supported by the Spanish Government throughproject ALLIANCE-B (TEC2017-90034-C2-2-R) with FEDER contributionPeer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft
The Late-Roman Cottage at Exavation Site No. 2 at Tokarnia (Administrative Commune of Chęciny, District Kielce
No full textIn the course of studies of a Late-Roman settlement at excavation site No. 2 at Tokarnia there was expo sed a relic of a big cottage (excavation 2, cottage No.1).
In thiis article the author performs an analysis of the cottage equipment with a special attention focussed on ceramic vessels. This allows the author to carry out a functional
division of the obtained set of ceramic vessels. Their comparison with storage dens points out that they were playing an essential role in storage of granular products including grains. The internal division of the object is attributed by the author to
specialized cloth-weaving production.
The analyzed object is dated to the first half of 5th century A.D.Zadanie pt. „Digitalizacja i udostępnienie w Cyfrowym Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego kolekcji czasopism naukowych wydawanych przez Uniwersytet Łódzki” nr 885/P-DUN/2014 dofinansowane zostało ze środków MNiSW w ramach działalności upowszechniającej naukę
Archeological Contribution to the Problem of Penitential Crosses
No full textIn 1977 there were performed the salvage excavation researches near two stone
penitential cros ses at Zerniki. They resulted in determining the chronology of the
cros ses dating It back to 13th and 14th centuries. Between the se crosses there was
discovered a single skeleton burial, which the author connects with a victim in the
memory of which both stones were erected. Moreover in the vicinity of the crosses
there were revealed fragmentarily preserved child burials dated to 17th century.
The crosses from Zerniki represent an isolated find since they are situated outside
a compact range of appearance of such relics, which in Poland encompasses only
the Lower Silesia.Zadanie pt. „Digitalizacja i udostępnienie w Cyfrowym Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego kolekcji czasopism naukowych wydawanych przez Uniwersytet Łódzki” nr 885/P-DUN/2014 dofinansowane zostało ze środków MNiSW w ramach działalności upowszechniającej naukę
Foliar phosphorus content predicts species relative abundance in P-limited Tibetan alpine meadows
No full textTraits that favor rapid plant growth are expected to have an important influence on species relative abundance (SRA) in semi-natural grasslands where competitive exclusion is reduced by grazing. However, which traits are more strongly associated with variation in SRA remains largely unknown, especially in P-limited but species-rich grasslands. We assessed the relative importance of traits predicting SRA in P-limited Tibetan alpine meadows subject to long term grazing. We assessed abundance in terms of both aboveground biomass and ramet numbers in relation to seven traits (specific leaf area, LDMC: leaf dry matter content, leaf carbon concentration, leaf nitrogen concentration, LPC: leaf phosphorus concentration, mature height, and seed size) for all component species in grazed and ungrazed plots in each of three contrasting sites on the Tibetan Plateau. We used CATS regression (i.e. regression for Community Assembly through Trait Selection) to quantify the relative importance of different traits in predicting SRA, and tested dependence of trait importance values on both environmental context and alternative measures of abundance. Species were primarily differentiated along a trade-off axis involving traits promoting nutrient acquisition for fast growth vs resource conservation and competitive ability. A higher LPC consistently was the most important trait predicting species abundance in grazed plots, while species with low LPC but higher LDMC held an advantage in ungrazed plots. This suggests that in competition-released communities, species with a high ability to uptake soil available P tend to become abundant, while in competition-dominated communities, species using fixed P efficiently do better. The relative importance of traits in ungrazed plots did not change across sites, but in grazed plots species that have traits associated with nutrient conservation were favored in colder and drier conditions. The results highlight the importance of traits affecting acquisition of soil available P in these Tibetan alpine meadow communities. Species tradeoffs in nutrient acquisition versus conservation are a primary determinant of SRA, but the relative importance of traits depended on both environmental context and whether SRA was estimated as above-ground biomass or as number of ramets. (C) 2016 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.National Science Foundation of China [31370008]; National Basic Research Program of China [2013CB956304]SCI(E)[email protected]
Balancing intubation time with postoperative risk in cardiac surgery patients – a retrospective cohort analysis
No full textKatarzyna Kotfis,1 Aleksandra Szylińska,2 Mariusz Listewnik,3 Kacper Lechowicz,1 Monika Kosiorowska,3 Sylwester Drożdżal,1 Mirosław Brykczyński,3 Iwona Rotter,2 Maciej Żukowski1 1Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Therapy and Acute Intoxications, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; 2Department of Medical Rehabilitation and Clinical Physiotherapy, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; 3Department of Cardiac Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland Introduction: Intubation time in patients undergoing cardiac surgery may be associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Premature extubation can have serious adverse physiological consequences. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of intubation time on morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of data on 1,904 patients undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and stratified them by duration of intubation time after surgery – 0–6, 6–9, 9–12, 12–24 and over 24 hours. Postoperative complications risk analysis was performed using multivariate logistic regression analysis for patients extubated ≤12 and >12 hours.Results: Intubation percentages in each time cohort were as follows: 0–6 hours – 7.8%, 6–9 hours – 17.3%, 9–12 hours – 26.8%, 12–24 hours – 44.4% and >24 hours – 3.7%. Patients extubated ≤12 hours after CABG were younger, mostly males, more often smokers, with lower preoperative risk. They had lower 30-day mortality (2.02% vs 4.59%, P=0.002), shorter hospital stay (7.68±4.49 vs 9.65±12.63 days, P<0.001) and shorter intensive care unit stay (2.39 vs 3.30 days, P<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that intubation exceeding 12 hours after CABG increases the risk of postoperative delirium (OR 1.548, 95% CI 1.161–2.064, P=0.003) and risk of postoperative hemofiltration (OR 1.302, 95% CI 1.023–1.657, P=0.032).Conclusion: Results indicate that risk of postoperative complications does not increase until intubation time exceeds 12 hours. Shorter intubation time is seen in younger, men and smokers. Intubation time >12 hours is a risk factor for postoperative delirium and hemofiltration after cardiac surgery. Keywords: intubation, cardiac surgery, CABG, mortality, complications, delirium 
Do interspecific differences in sapling growth traits contribute to the co-dominance of Acer saccharum and Fagus grandifolia?
No full textThis is a pre-copy-editing, author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication in ANNALS OF BOTANY following peer review.The definitive publisher-authenticated version ANNALS OF BOTANY 101(1):103-109,2008 is available online at:http://aob.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/101/1/103.ArticleANNALS OF BOTANY. 101(1):103-109(2008)journal articl
Do interspecific differences in sapling growth traits contribute to the co-dominance of Acer saccharum and Fagus grandifolia?
No full textThis is a pre-copy-editing, author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication in ANNALS OF BOTANY following peer review.The definitive publisher-authenticated version ANNALS OF BOTANY 101(1):103-109,2008 is available online at:http://aob.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/101/1/103.Articleapplication/pdfANNALS OF BOTANY. 101(1):103-109(2008)journal articl
Regulacje prawne dotyczące roślin genetycznie zmodyfikowanych w Unii Europejskiej
No full textIn the last two decades, genetic engineering is one of the fastest growing sectors of the economy. Also sparked heated discussion among experts in the field of ecology, law, economics, ethics and politics. According to the author of a very dynamic development of genetic engineering that makes the existing legal framework does not regulate precisely relevant to public issues concerning GMOs. The existing conditions appear so new religion, which include systematic and reliable research on the impact of GMOs on human and natural environment and the adoption of regulations to ensure the safety of public health and environmental quality. Never a need to limit public access to complete information about the benefits and possible risks of GMOs, nor restrict the freedom to choose whether traditional products or genetically modified. / Synopsis. W ostatnich dwóch dekadach inżynieria genetyczna jest jedną z najszybciej rozwijających się gałęzi gospodarki. Wywołała jednocześnie burzliwą dyskusję wśród ekspertów z dziedziny ekologii, prawa, ekonomii, etyki i świata polityki. Zdaniem autora niezwykle dynamiczny postęp inżynierii genetycznej sprawia, że obowiązujące ramy prawne nie regulują precyzyjnie istotnych dla społeczeństwa zagadnień dotyczących GMO. W istniejących uwarunkowaniach pojawiają się zatem nowe wyzwania, do których należą: prowadzenie systematycznych i rzetelnych badań w zakresie wpływu GMO na człowieka i środowisko przyrodnicze oraz przyjęcie regulacji prawnych gwarantujących bezpieczeństwo zdrowotne społeczeństwa, a także wysoką jakość środowiska. W żadnym wypadku nie należy też ograniczać dostępu społeczeństwa do pełnej informacji o korzyściach i ewentualnych zagrożeniach stosowania GMO, ani zawężać swobody wyboru czy to produktów tradycyjnych czy też zmodyfikowanych
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