526 research outputs found
Sequencing the movements of honey bee colonies between the forage sites with the microeconomic model of the migratory beekeeper
No full textA beekeeper who moves his honeybee colonies from one forage site to another during the productive season does not passively follow a prefixed sequence, but must create one by comparing a wide range of forage sites. How can migratory beekeeper sequence the movements of his honeybee colonies from one forage site to another? The microeconomic model formalized in Section 3 offers a solution to this question. The model assumes that the migratory beekeeper is following, in conditions of certainty, a profitability target under the constraint that the time taken up by each sequence of sites is less than or equal to the duration of the honeybee colonies’ annual biological cycle. Each forage site that the honeybee colonies visit contributes not just to the profitability but also to the sustainability of the sequence to which it belongs. Replacing one or more forage sites within a sequence therefore simultaneously affects the levels of profitability and sustainability. In Section 4, the sustainability of the sequence will be explained in terms of the characteristics of the sites, their agro-environmental context, the honey bee well-being and the timing and duration of the placement period of the honeybee colonies on the site
Il conflitto collettivo nell'area del lavoro autonomo
No full textIl contributo analizza la disciplina delle astensioni collettive dalle prestazioni dei lavoratori autonomi, liberi professonisti e piccoli imprenditori, introdotta nella l. n. 146/1990 dalla l. 83/2000
The link between reported cases of COVID-19 and the Infodemic Risk Index: A worldwide perspective
No full textIn this brief report we followed the evolution of the COVID-19 Infodemic Risk Index during 2020 and clarified its connection with the epidemic waves, focusing specifically on their co-evolution in Europe, South America, and South-eastern Asia. Using 640 million tweets collected by the Infodemic Observatory and the open access dataset published by Our World in Data regarding COVID-19 worldwide reported cases, we analyze the COVID-19 infodemic vs. pandemic co-evolution from January 2020 to December 2020. We find that a characteristic pattern emerges at the global scale: a decrease in misinformation on Twitter as the number of COVID-19 confirmed cases increases. Similar local variations highlight how this pattern could be influenced both by the strong content moderation policy enforced by Twitter after the first pandemic wave and by the phenomenon of selective exposure that drives users to pick the most visible and reliable news sources available
28. Ecosystem service for farm: a methodological evaluation proposal of the pollination ecosystem service
No full textFarms benefit from the ecosystem services produced by the physical and biological environment (e.g. rainfall, soil fertility, climate, etc.) and from positive externalities produced by other farms. In economic literature, ecosystem services are benefits which derive, either directly or indirectly, from ecosystems. In the field of ecosystem services, the pollination service of wild pollinators, that is bees, takes on particular importance. While in the past the pollination service of agricultural crops used to be provided mainly by wild pollinators, and for support purposes, by managed honey bees, nowadays the progressive reduction of wild pollinators is determining a demand for pollination services by farmers whom beekeepers are able to meet their needs by renting them some bee colonies for short periods. The demand for such a service derives both from agricultural entrepreneurs operating in the open field (specialized orchards) and from entrepreneurs operating in a protected environment (vegetables, greenhouse products). While the offer concerning the commercial pollination service for a beekeeping farm is added to the core business of honey production and by-products (wax, royal jelly and propolis), contributing to an increase revenues, an agricultural enterprise which benefits from this service represents one of the components of the cost of production. This work aims to make a critical analysis of the economic profile and of the pollination ecosystem service. Furthermore, it will be shown how the composition of the agricultural landscape affects the availability of wild pollinators and consequently the demand for pollination services. Finally, by applying the replacement cost method, the value of the ecosystem pollination service by wild pollinators upon pollination of the apple orchards in Trentino will be estimated
Ecosystem services for farms: a methodological evaluation proposal of the pollination ecosystem service
No full textCommercial pollination of apple orchards: Val di Non case study
No full textThis chapter presents the results of a survey conducted in spring 2019 within the beekeepers who rent their colonies for the pollination of apple orchards in Val di Non, an alpine area in North Italy. The commercial pollination of apple orchards in this area is managed in an associated form by their cooperatives. The survey, carried out in collaboration with the local farmer cooperatives, submitted to the beekeepers a questionnaire containing questions on the economic and apidological aspects of their migratory beekeeping. The answers, referring to 43 questionnaires, show that beekeepers mostly: plan the migration itinerary at the beginning of the year; proceed to balance the colonies of honey bees before the pollination of the apple orchards; believe that the strength of the colonies must affect the pollination fee paid by the farmers and that the concentration of the colonies for the pollination of crops is not a relevant factor in the spread of bee diseases. The winter losses of honey bee colonies suffered by the responding beekeepers are on average 11.9%. The average cost of feeding the honey bee colony amounts to 19.1 €/colony. Finally, there is a wide interest in beekeepers to ensure the honey bee colonie
La Commissione di garanzia per lo sciopero nei servizi essenziali: un'authority dotata di molte funzioni e poche risorse
No full textIl contributo esamina la disciplina della Commissione di garanzia di cui alla l. n. 146/1990 nell'ambito delle autorità amministrative indipendenti, evidenziando come ai rilevanti poteri affidati non corrispondano adeguate risorse
Photobleaching effects in organic thin film sensing probes
No full textThe phenomenon of photobleaching of fluorescence indicators in organic thin films is presented. The study is performed on the fluorescein methacrylate indicator immobilized in an acrylate matrix. A LED based interrogation setup has been realized to evaluate the effects of photobleaching. The experimental results show as stability and drift of the fluorescence signal induced by photobleaching are the most critical aspects in sensing applications
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