127 research outputs found
sj-docx-1-qjp-10.1177_17470218221111789 – Supplemental material for Cognitive control mechanisms in language processing: are there both within- and across-task conflict adaptation effects?
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-qjp-10.1177_17470218221111789 for Cognitive control mechanisms in language processing: are there both within- and across-task conflict adaptation effects? by Nicoletta Simi, Ian Grant Mackenzie, Hartmut Leuthold, Markus Janczyk and Carolin Dudschig in Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology</p
Impact of bioactive substances on the gastrointestinal tract and performance of weaned piglets: a review
No full textThe EU ban on in-feed antibiotics has stimulated research on weaning diets as a way of reducing post-weaning gut disorders and growth check in pigs. Many bioactive components have been investigated but only few have shown to be effective. Amongst these, organic acids (OA) have been shown to exert a bactericidal action mediated by non-dissociated OA, by lowering gastric pH, increasing gut and pancreas enzyme secretion and improving gut wall morphology. It has been postulated that they may also enhance non-specific immune responses and improve disease resistance. In contrast, relatively little attention has been paid to the impact of OA on the stomach but recent data show they can differently affect gastric histology, acid secretion and gastric emptying. Butyrate and precursors of butyric acid have received special attention and although promising results have been obtained, their effects are dependent upon the dose, treatment duration, initial age of piglets, gastrointestinal site and other factors. The amino acids (AA) like glutamine, tryptophan and arginine are supportive in improving digestion, absorption and retention of nutrients by affecting tissue anabolism, stress and (or) immunity. Glutamine, cysteine and threonine are important for maintaining mucin and permeability of intestinal barrier function. Spray-dried plasma (SDP) positively affects gut morphology, inflammation and reduces acquired specific immune responses via specific and a-specific influences of immunoglobulins and other bioactive components. Effects are more pronounced in early-weaned piglets and under poorer health conditions. Little interaction between plasma protein and antibiotics has been found, suggesting distinct modes of action and additive effects. Bovine colostrum may act more or less similarly to SDP The composition of essential oils is highly variable, depending on environmental and climatic conditions and distillation methods. These oils differ widely in their antimicrobial activity in vitro and some components of weaning diets may decrease their activity Results in young pigs are highly variable depending upon the product and doses used. These studies suggest that relatively high concentrations of essential oils are needed for beneficial effects to be observed and it has been assumed that these plant extracts mimic most of the effects of antibiotics active on gut physiology, microbiology and immunology. Often, bioactive substances protective to the gut also stimulate feed intake and growth performance. New insights on the effects of selected OA and AA, protein sources (especially SDP bovine colostrum) and plant extracts with anti-bacterial activities on the gut are reported in this review
Effect of thymol on microbial diversity in the porcine jejunum
No full textThirty two weaned pigs (24 d-old) were fed a diet without or with 1 % (w/w) thymol. Pigs from each dietary treatment remained unchallenged or were challenged with Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. Jejunal content was collected and molecular microbial diversity was investigated using 16S rRNA gene polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). Shannon index analysis showed no differences in diversity but Pearson coefficient analysis showed clear clustering of profiles, which delineated thymol fed and control groups irrespective of Salmonella challenge. Moreover, absence of bands corresponding to Actinobacillus minor (98-99 % identity) was observed in thymol groups. A band corresponding to Citrobacter freundii (98 % identity) was observed in almost all pigs from thymol groups, and only in 4 samples from pigs fed no thymol in the diet. Supplementation of pig diet with thymol caused clear changes in small intestine microbacterial community. Surprisingly, Salmonella infection caused no major perturbations to the community structure
QJE-STD-17-354.R2-Supplementary_Material – Supplemental material for The central locus of self-prioritisation
No full textSupplemental material, QJE-STD-17-354.R2-Supplementary_Material for The central locus of
self-prioritisation by Markus Janczyk, Glyn W Humphreys and Jie Sui in Quarterly Journal
of Experimental Psychology</p
sj-docx-1-qjp-10.1177_17470218231184996 – Supplemental material for Generalisation of unpredictable action-effect features: Large individual differences with little on-average effect
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-qjp-10.1177_17470218231184996 for Generalisation of unpredictable action-effect features: Large individual differences with little on-average effect by Markus Janczyk and Jeff Miller in Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology</p
sj-docx-1-qjp-10.1177_17470218221135603 – Supplemental material for Temporal aspects of two types of backward crosstalk in dual-tasks: An analysis of continuous mouse-tracking data
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-qjp-10.1177_17470218221135603 for Temporal aspects of two types of backward crosstalk in dual-tasks: An analysis of continuous mouse-tracking data by Carolin Schonard, Rolf Ulrich and Markus Janczyk in Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology</p
A tutorial on using the paired t test for power calculations in repeated measures ANOVA with interactions
No full textLangenberg B, Janczyk M, Koob V, Kliegl R, Mayer A. A tutorial on using the paired t test for power calculations in repeated measures ANOVA with interactions. Behavior Research Methods . 2022;55:2467–2484.The a priori calculation of statistical power has become common practice in behavioral and social sciences to calculate the necessary sample size for detecting an expected effect size with a certain probability (i.e., power). In multi-factorial repeated measures ANOVA, these calculations can sometimes be cumbersome, especially for higher-order interactions. For designs that only involve factors with two levels each, the paired t test can be used for power calculations, but some pitfalls need to be avoided. In this tutorial, we provide practical advice on how to express main and interaction effects in repeated measures ANOVA as single difference variables. In particular, we demonstrate how to calculate the effect size Cohen's d of this difference variable either based on means, variances, and covariances of conditions or by transforming [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text] from the ANOVA framework into d. With the effect size correctly specified, we then show how to use the t test for sample size considerations by means of an empirical example. The relevant R code is provided in an online repository for all example calculations covered in this article. © 2022. The Author(s)
Personal controlling in non-public higher education in Poland
No full textZasoby ludzkie są jednym z cenniejszych zasobów, jakimi dysponują
uczelnie niepubliczne w Polsce. Ciągły wzrost konkurencyjności na rynku
edukacyjnym oraz oczekiwań ze strony klientów uczelni niepublicznych
zmuszają je bowiem do zapewnienia dotychczasowej jakości świadczonych
usług. Możliwe jest to m.in. poprzez optymalizację wykorzystania
potencjału dostępnych uczelni zasobów ludzkich. Można bowiem
powiedzieć, iż ukształtowanie przyszłej pozycji konkurencyjnej uczelni od
jej wyników w zakresie zarządzania zasobami ludzkimi. Te zaś pozwala
osiągnąć koncepcja controllingu personalnego, którą autorka proponuje
„przeszczepić” z innych sektorów gospodarki i wykorzystać na gruncie
akademickim.Concept of personal controlling, presented by the author, is extremely
important in the management of non-public higher education in the context of
activities aimed at increasing the efficiency of its use of their human resources.
Dynamic market of educational services forces at universities seeking modern
management methods that enable them to manage the organization efficiently
and effectively
Dietary zinc oxide does not suppress Salmonella Typhimurium infection of pigs: Worldwide Research Efforts in the Fighting against Microbial Pathogens: From Basic Research to Technological Developments
No full textAfter the ban of in-feed antibiotics in the European Union, much interest has been raised on
potential use of probiotics with specific function in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of farm animals.
Antimicrobial properties of zinc are believed to be the reason for improvement of performance of pigs fed dietary
zinc oxide. Because of environmental pollution, maximal dietary zinc level in the EU is 150 mg/kg, but
elsewhere dose of 2,000-3,000 mg/kg are used. The effect of the different levels of zinc oxide on Salmonella
infection was investigated in an in vivo challenge model in weaning piglets
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