27 research outputs found
Somaclonal variation from cultured immature embryos of sister lines of rye differing in heterochromatic content
No full textSomaclonal variation occurred among rye plants regenerated from cultured immature embryos of five sister lines that differed in their content of telomeric heterochromatin. Variation was observed in morphology, chromosome number, and secalin seed storage proteins. Morphological variation was present in 9.7% of the regenerants and included albinism and variegation, which appeared in different frequencies among the lines. Chromosome variation occurred in 15.8% of the regenerants and included translocations, tetraploidy, and trisomy in addition to meiotic disturbances such as centromere misbehaviour and asyndesis. Some of the regenerated plants were mosaic for the structural and numerical chromosome aberrations. The nature of the chromosome variation also differed among the lines. A single variant in the 40K γ-secalins was detected. The occurrence of variation is discussed in relation to differences in morphogenetic response of the rye lines and to the genotypic component of instability in culture.Key words: somaclonal variation, immature embryo culture, rye heterochromatin, chromosome variation, secalins. 
Multivariate Statistical Analysis of the Effects of Rye Telomeric Heterochromatin on the Agronomic Traits of Hexaploid Triticale.
No full textPlant regeneration and somaclonal variation from cultured immature embryos of sister lines of rye and triticale differing in their content of heterochromatin. 1. Morphogenetic response.
No full textMorphogenetic response of isogenic lines of Triticale differing in their content of heterochromatin.
No full textGenetic diversity in Bambara groundnut (<i>Vigna subterranea</i> L.) germplasm revealed by RAPD markers
No full text Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to assess genetic diversity in Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea L.) germplasm using 25 African accessions from the collection in the International Institute for Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria. Fifty random decamer primers were screened to assess their ability to detect polymorphism in bambara; 17 of them were selected for this study. Considerable genetic diversity was found among the V. subterranea accessions studied. The relationships among the 25 accessions were studied by cluster analysis. The dendrograms showed two main groups of accessions mainly along the lines of their geographic origin. It is concluded that RAPD can be used for germplasm classification in bambara groundnut and hence for improving this crop.Key words: germplasm, PCR, RAPD, Vigna subterranea. </jats:p
Variation in telomeric heterochromatin in somaclones of rye
No full textSomaclonal variation in telomeric heterochromatin was detected by in situ hybridization with the het 1 probe, which hybridizes to a 380-bp repeated sequence family. In a control cultivar, Gazelle, large blocks of signal were detected at the telomeres but not at the centromeres or the secondary constrictions. In the donor line, 7R - , labelling was restricted to small telomeric dots, confirming that the large telomeric blocks had been removed in selection of this line. In situ hybridization with the het 1 probe to chromosomes of selfed progeny from 50 plants regenerated from independent cultured immature embryos of the 7R - line revealed variant patterns for three regenerants. In the progeny of two regenerants, a new interstitial hybridization site was detected on the short arm of a submetacentric chromosome. This site was not at the nucleolus organizer. In the progeny of the third regenerant two changes were detected: an enlarged telomeric block on the long arm of an unidentified chromosome and an interstitial site on the long arm of chromosome 6. All three regenerated plants had shown normal morphology and meiotic behaviour. The identification of somaclonal variants in telomeric heterochromatin provides further evidence for variation in repeated DNA sequences in plant tissue culture
Vegetable Grafting; Principles and Practices
No full textAlthough grafting has been practised on fruit trees for thousands of years, thecommercial application of grafting on vegetables constitutes a relatively recentinnovation in most countries. After more than 50 years of vegetable crop improvement,dedicated principally to selecting for above-ground traits, scientistsnow perceive root system engineering as an opportunity for integrating dynamicnovel approaches in fostering sustainable vegetable production under changingenvironmental conditions, while minimizing the demand for new resources.Introduction of excellent rootstocks possessing multiple resistances and efficientgrafting systems will greatly encourage the extended application of vegetablegrafting all over the world. Although the benefits of using grafted transplantsare now fully recognized worldwide, the need to enlighten the scientific basis ofrootstock–scion interactions under variable environmental pressures remainsvital for extracting grafting-mediated crop improvement. This has promptedthe COST Action FA1204 entitled ‘Vegetable grafting to improve yield and fruitquality under biotic and abiotic stress conditions’ aimed at systematizing researchfindings (http://www.vegetablegrafting.unitus.it). The COST action allowed thedevelopment of a multidisciplinary network of partners targeting the root systemand employing rootstock breeding to unravel the mechanisms behind rootstock-mediatedcrop improvement: the enhancement of productivity and fruit quality,and the sustainability of vegetable crops under multiple and combined stresses.The current book is the major output of the COST Action and contains ninechapters drawing on the 2012–2016 activities of four Working Groups (WGs)dealing with ‘Genetic resources and rootstock breeding’ (WG1), ‘Rootstock–scioninteractions and graft compatibility’ (WG2), ‘Rootstock-mediated resistance tobiotic and abiotic stresses’ (WG3) and ‘Rootstock-mediated improvement of fruitquality’ (WG4). While recent advances of scientific knowledge constitute thecore of this COST book, valuable practical information is also provided on rootstock–scion combinations, on applicable grafting methods, on the establishment of grafted transplants and on recommendations for the use of grafted plants as aneffective tool for sustainable vegetable production.This book could not have been produced without the dedication and help ofmany, and we would like to thank the authors and co-authors who contributed tothe compiled chapters. However, we would also like to express our appreciation toa large number of scientists and experts who served as reviewers and contributedto improving the quality of the book. Finally, we would like to thank the COSTAssociation in Brussels (Belgium) for funding COST Action FA1204 and providingadditional financial support for publishing the current book.We planned and compiled this book as a collection of scientific informationand as a practical tool aimed at both the people involved in the commercial productionand cultivation of grafted plants, as well as researchers interested in anunderstanding of the science and technology behind a grafted plant. We hope allreaders benefit from this book and we remain open to ideas and proposals on howto amend a future edition.</p
Characterization of a collection of local varieties of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) using conventional descriptors and the high-throughput phenomics tool Tomato Analyzer
No full text[EN] Conventional tomato (Solanum lycopersicum
L.) descriptors are of great utility for gross
morphological characterization but may not be
practical for the precise fruit description required for
distinguishing closely related cultivar groups. Tomato
Analyzer is a new phenomics tool that provides
multiple fruit morphology data from scanned images
of fruit sections. We characterized 69 accessions of
local tomato varieties from the region of Vale`ncia
(Spain) corresponding to eight cultivar groups (Borseta,
Cherry, Cor, Penjar, Plana, Pruna, Redona, and
Valenciana) with 64 conventional and 38 Tomato
Analyzer descriptors. Significant differences were
found among accessions for all traits except for five
monomorphic conventional descriptors, revealing a
large diversity in the collection. Significant differences
were also found among cultivar groups for 36
conventional and 37 Tomato Analyzer descriptors.
The groups Borseta, Cherry, Penjar, Plana, and Pruna
were clearly distinct and each of them presented many
significant differences with the rest of groups. Conventional
descriptors did not differentiate well the Cor,
Redona, and Valenciana cultivar groups, but Tomato
Analyzer descriptors clearly distinguish Valenciana
from Cor and Redona groups. A multivariate principal
components analysis (PCA) showed that with the
exception of six (8.7 %) accessions, the different
cultivar groups (including the very similar Cor and
Redona) plotted in separate areas of the PCA graph.
The results have shown that combined conventional
and Tomato Analyzer descriptors in conjunction with
PCA analysis are a powerful tool for characterization
and classification of local tomato varieties, as well as
for distinguishing between related cultivar groups.
This has important implications for the enhancement
and protection of local tomato varietiesFigás Moreno, MDR.; Prohens Tomás, J.; Raigón Jiménez, MD.; Fernández De Córdova Martínez, PJ.; Fita Fernández, AM.; Soler Aleixandre, S. (2015). Characterization of a collection of local varieties of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) using conventional descriptors and the high-throughput phenomics tool Tomato Analyzer. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution. 62:189-204. doi:10.1007/s10722-014-0142-1S18920462Andreakis N, Giordano I, Pentangelo A, Fogliano V, Graziani G, Monti LM, Rao R (2004) DNA fingerprinting and quality traits of Corbarino cherry-like tomato landraces. J Agric Food Chem 52:3366–3371Blanca J, Cañizares J, Cordero L, Pascual L, Díez MJ, Nuez F (2012) Variation revealed by SNP genotyping and morphology provides insight into the origin of tomato. PLoS One 7:e48198Bletsos FA, Goulas C (2002) Fresh consumption tomato performance of a local landraces and derived lines. Acta Hortic 579:95–100Brewer MT, Lang L, Fujimura K, Dujmovic N, Gray S, van der Knaap E (2006) Development of a controlled vocabulary and software application to analyse fruit shape variation in tomato and other plant species. Plant Physiol 141:15–25Brewer MT, Moyseenko JB, Monforte AJ, van der Knaap E (2007) Morphological variation in tomato: a comprehensive study of quantitative trait loci controlling fruit shape and development. J Exp Bot 58:1339–1349Brugarolas M, Martínez-Carrasco L, Martínez-Poveda A, Ruiz JJ (2009) A competitive strategy for vegetable products: traditional varieties of tomato in the local market. Spanish J Agric Res 7:294–304Casals J, Bosch L, Casañas F, Cebolla J, Nuez F (2011) Montgrí, a cultivar within the Montserrat type. HortScience 45:1885–1886Casals J, Pascual L, Cañizares J, Cebolla-Cornejo J, Casañas F, Nuez F (2012) Genetic basis of long shelf life and variability in Penjar tomato. Genet Resour Crop Evol 59:219–229Causse M, Friguet C, Coiret C, Lépicier M, Navez B, Lee M, Holthuysen N, Sinesio F, Moneta E, Grandillo S (2010) Consumer preferences for fresh tomato at the European scale: a common segmentation on taste and firmness. J Food Sci 75:S531–S541Cebolla-Cornejo J, Soler S, Nuez F (2007) Genetic erosion of traditional varieties of vegetable crops in Europe: tomato cultivation in Valencia (Spain) as a case study. Intl J Plant Prod 1:113–127Cebolla-Cornejo J, Roselló S, Nuez F (2013) Phenotypic and genetic diversity of Spanish tomato landraces. Sci Hortic 162:150–164Darrigues A, Hall J, van der Knaap E, Francis DM, Dujmovic N, Gray S (2008) Tomato Analyzer-color test: a new tool for efficient digital phenotyping. J Amer Soc Hortic Sci 133:579–586Díez MJ, Nuez F (2008) Tomato. In: Prohens J, Nuez F (eds) Handbook of plant breeding: vegetables II. Springer, New York, pp 249–323FAO (2010) The second report on the state of the world’s plant genetic resources for food and agriculture. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, RomeGarcía-Martínez S, Corrado G, Ruiz JJ, Rao R (2013) Diversity and structure of a simple of traditional Italian and Spanish tomato accessions. Genet Resour Crop Evol 60:789–798Gómez R, Costa J, Amo M, Alvarruiz A, Picazo M, Pardo JE (2001) Physicochemical and colorimetric evaluation of local varieties of tomato grown in SE Spain. J Sci Food Agric 81:1101–1105Gonzalo MJ, van der Knaap E (2008) A comparative analysis into the genetic bases of morphology in tomato varieties exhibiting elongated fruit shape. Theor Appl Genet 116:647–656Gonzalo MJ, Brewer MT, Anderson C, Sullivan D, Gray S, van der Knaap E (2009) Tomato fruit shape analysis using morphometric and morphology attributes implemented in Tomato Analyzer software program. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 134:77–87Hammer K (2003) Resolving the challenge posed by agro diversity and plant genetic resources—an attempt. J Agric Rural Dev Trop Subtrop 76:1–184Hammer K, Diederichsen A (2009) Evolution, status and perspectives for landraces in Europe. In: Vetelainen M, Negri V, Maxted N (eds) European landraces: on-farm conservation, management and use. Bioversity International, Rome, pp 23–43Hammer K, Knüpffer H, Laghetti G, Perrino P (1999) Seeds from the past: A catalogue of crop germplasm in north-central Italy. Germplasm Institute of C.N.R, BariHammer K, Arrowsmith N, Gladis T (2003) Agrobiodiversity with emphasis on plant genetic resources. Naturwissenschaften 90:241–250Hurtado M, Vilanova S, Plazas M, Gramazio P, Andújar I, Herraiz FJ, Castro A, Prohens J (2014) Enhancing conservation and use of local vegetable landraces: the Almagro eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) case study. Genet Resour Crop Evol (in press)IPGRI (1996) Descriptors for tomato (Lycopersicon spp.). International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, RomeIzzah NK, Lee J, Perumal S, Park JY, Ahn K, Fu D, Kim GB, Nam YW, Yang TJ (2013) Microsatellite-based analysis of genetic diversity in 91 commercial Brassica oleracea L. cultivars belonging to six varietal groups. Genet Resour Crop Evol 60:1967–1986Lammerts van Bueren ET, Jones SS, Tamm L, Murphy KM, Myers JR, Leifert C, Messmer MM (2011) The need to breed crop varieties suitable for organic farming, using wheat, tomato and broccoli as examples: a review. NJAS Wageningen J Life Sci 58:193–205Little T, Hills J (1978) Agricultural experimentation: Design and analysis. Wiley, New YorkMazzucato A, Papa R, Bitocchi E, Mosconi P, Nanni L, Negri V, Picarella ME, Siligato F, Soressi GP, Tiranti B, Veronesi F (2008) Genetic diversity, structure and marker-trait associations in a collection of Italian tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) landraces. Theor Appl Genet 116:657–669Mazzucato A, Ficcadenti N, Caioni M, Mosconi P, Piccinini E, Sanampudi VRR, Sestili S, Ferrari V (2010) Genetic diversity and distinctiveness in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) landraces: the Italian case study of ‘a pera Abruzzese’. Sci Hortic 125:55–62Mohammadi SA, Prasanna BM (2003) Analysis of genetic diversity in crop plants—salient statistical tools and considerations. Crop Sci 43:1235–1248Panthee DP, Labate JA, McGrath MT, Breksa AP III, Robertson LD (2013) Genotype and environmental interaction for fruit quality traits in vintage tomato varieties. Euphytica 193:169–182Pitrat M, Hanelt P, Hammer K (2000) Some comments on infraspecific classification of cultivars of melon. Acta Hortic 510:29–36Rao R, Corrado G, Bianchi M, Di Mauro A (2006) (GATA)4 DNA fingerprinting identifies morphologically characterized ‘San Marzano’ tomato plants. Plant Breed 125:173–176Rodríguez G, Strecker J, Brewer M, Gonzalo MJ, Anderson C, Lang L, Sullivan D, Wagner E, Strecker B, Drushal R, Dujmovic N, Fujimuro K, Jack A, Njanji I, Thomas J, Gray S, van der Knaap E (2010a) Tomato Analyzer version 3 user manual. http://www.oardc.osu.edu/vanderknaap/files/Tomato_Analyzer_3.0_Manual.pdfRodríguez GR, Moyseenko JB, Robbins MD, Morejón NH, Francis DM, van der Knaap E (2010b) Tomato Analyzer: a useful software application to collect accurate and detailed morphological and colorimetric data from two-dimensional objects. J Vis Exp 37:1856Rodríguez GR, Muñoz S, Anderson C, Sim SC, Michel A, Causse M, Mc Spadden Gardener BB, Francis D, van der Knaap E (2011) Distribution of SUN, OVATE, LC and FAS in the tomato germplasm and the relationship to fruit shape diversity. Plant Physiol 156:275–285Rodríguez GR, Kim HJ, van der Knaap E (2013) Mapping of two suppressors of OVATE (sov) loci in tomato. Heredity 111:256–264Rodríguez-Burruezo A, Prohens J, Roselló S, Nuez F (2005) “Heirloom” varieties as sources of variation for the improvement of fruit quality in greenhouse-grown tomatoes. J Hortic Sci Biotechnol 80:453–460Ruiz JJ, García-Martínez S, Picó B, Gao M, Quiros CF (2005) Genetic variability and relationship of closely related Spanish traditional cultivars of tomato as detected by SRAP and SSR markers. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 130:88–94Scott JW (2010) Phenotyping of tomato for SolCAP and onward into the void. HortScience 45:1314–1316Spataro G, Negri V (2013) The European seed legislation on conservation varieties: focus, implementation, present and future impact on landrace on farm conservation. Genet Resour Crop Evol 60:2421–2430Spooner DM, Hetterscheid WLA, van den Berg RG, Brandenburg WA (2003) Plant nomenclature and taxonomy: an horticultural and agronomic perspective. Hortic Rev 28:1–60Strecker J, Rodríguez G, Njanji I, Thomas J, Jack A, Darrigues A, Hall J, Dujmovic N, Gray S, van der Knaap E, Francis D (2010) Tomato Analyzer color test manual version 3. http://oardc.osu.edu/vanderknaap/files/Color_Test_3.0_Manual.pdfTerzopoulos PJ, Bebeli PJ (2008) DNA and morphological diversity of selected Greek tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) landraces. Sci Hortic 116:354–361Terzopoulos PJ, Bebeli PJ (2010) Phenotypic diversity in Greek tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) landraces. Sci Hortic 126:138–144Trichopoulou A, Soukara S, Vasilopoulou E (2007) Traditional foods: a science and society perspective. Trends Food Sci Technol 18:420–427UPOV (2002) General introduction to the examination of distinctness, uniformity and stability and the development of harmonized descriptors of new varieties of plants (TG/1/3). International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants, GenevaUPOV (2013) Guidelines for the conduct of tests for distinctness, uniformity and stability: Tomato (TG/44/11 Rev.). International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants, Genev
