1,085 research outputs found
Sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) in the cattle popolation Agerolese
No full textThe sister chromatid exchange (SCE) test has been used to check genome (DNA) stability of humans (Chaganti et al., 1974) and the main livestock species (Di Meo et al., 2000; Iannuzzi et al., 1990; Lopez and Arruga, 1992), as well as to discover DNA damage caused by a range of natural and artificially synthesised chemical compounds. The SCE test can
be performed during DNA replication, after two cell-cycle–replications in the presence of the thymidine analogue 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU). While the sister chromatid with a native polynucleotidic chain (containing thymidine) is stained, the other sister chromatid, with BrdU in both polynucleotidic chains, is not stained. This allows easy visualization of the presence of SCEs. High number of SCEs is evidence for high genome instability and occurrence of possible mutations. The SCE test has also been used to determine the frequency of exchange on the active and inactive X chromosome in bovids (Iannuzzi et al., 1990) to compare genome stability of three different cattle breeds reared under similar conditions (significant differences in SCE mean values were found between Friesians— with lower numbers of SCE—and the Podolians) (Iannuzzi et al., 1991); and to compare the mean SCE values of animals with a normal karyotype and those (with significant higher SCE/cell mean values) carrying rob (1;29) (Rangel-Figueiredo et al., 1995). The aim of this work was to apply the SCE test on the Agerolese cattle population so as to check the genome stability of this endangered breed
Chromosome Abnormalities and Fertility in Domestic Bovids: A Review
No full textAfter discovering the Robertsonian translocation rob(1;29) in Swedish red cattle and demonstrating its harmful effect on fertility, the cytogenetics applied to domestic animals have been widely expanded in many laboratories in order to find relationships between chromosome abnormalities and their phenotypic effects on animal production. Numerical abnormalities involving autosomes have been rarely reported, as they present abnormal animal phenotypes quickly eliminated by breeders. In contrast, numerical sex chromosome abnormalities and structural chromosome anomalies have been more frequently detected in domestic bovids because they are often not phenotypically visible to breeders. For this reason, these chromosome abnormalities, without a cytogenetic control, escape selection, with subsequent harmful effects on fertility, especially in female carriers. Chromosome abnormalities can also be easily spread through the offspring, especially when using artificial insemination. The advent of chromosome banding and FISH-mapping techniques with specific molecular markers (or chromosome-painting probes) has led to the development of powerful tools for cytogeneticists in their daily work. With these tools, they can identify the chromosomes involved in abnormalities, even when the banding pattern resolution is low (as has been the case in many published papers, especially in the past). Indeed, clinical cytogenetics remains an essential step in the genetic improvement of livestock
Werner Sombart and the global society. Anticipations from a classic author of sociology
No full textThe article examines the most salient works in which the sociologist Werner Sombart saw the dimension of globality as a social element, constitutive of mo- dernity and its future. The aim is to understand the role of globality, as an idea and a phenomenon, in the constitution in all aspects of society (economic, political, cultural, anthropological). The Works to which the article refers show a global society, one that goes from the time of Sombart to the present day, as the author had already envisioned in all their potentialities and criticalities
AMINO ACID, SUGAR, POLIPHENOL, VITAMIN C AND VITAMIN E CONTENTS IN FRESHLY HARVESTED FRUITS OF PLUM LANDRACES OF CAMPANIA REGION (ITALY)
No full textAMINO ACID, SUGAR, POLIPHENOL, VITAMIN C AND VITAMIN E
CONTENTS IN FRESHLY HARVESTED FRUITS OF PLUM LANDRACES
OF CAMPANIA REGION (ITALY)
IANNUZZI F., MIRTO A., WOODROW P., CARILLO P., FUGGI A.
Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, II
University of Naples, Via A. Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta (Italy)
plum biodiversity, sugars, poliphenols, vitamins, free amino acids
The characterization of traditional cultivars (landraces), selected by farmers and particularly
adapted to the environment in which they evolved is fundamental in the conservation and
enhancement of the Agro-biodiversity. Morphological, phenological and genetic methods, actually
are integrated by proteomics and metabolomics ones. Such methods evaluate phenotypic traits
modulated by the environmental conditions (abiotic and biotic stress). In food products they allow
the quality assessment at harvest, during postharvest storage and/or treatments. Metabolic profiling
can proved fingerprints of typical products useful to define, protect and track them along their
lifestory.
In this work sugars, organic acids, polyphenols, anthocyanins, Vitamin C (ascorbic acid and
dehidroascorbic acid) and vitamin E (α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol), free amino acids, were
determined in fruits from plum landraces of Campania (Italy). Fruits from sixteen plum landraces
cultivated at "CRAA-Azienda Agricola Sperimentale Improsta" of Campania Region were
analysed. The edible part of freshly harvested fruits were cutted in small pieces, frozen in liquid
nitrogenand saved at -80°C. Three samples of cutted materials were powedered in liquid nitrogen
and used to prepare extracts for the analyses. The results were expressed on a fresh weight basis as
means and standard error.
The plum fruits showed a huge variability in the distribution of soluble sugars: they were
about 4% of fresh weight (FW) In the landrace "Sila", while in "Del Carmine" and "Pezza Rossa" it
was less than 1% of FW. Sorbitol content, on average, was about 18% of the soluble sugars. The
polyphenol contents were at least 100% higher than the USDA one. Higher levels of poliphenols
occurred in "Santa Paola", "Coglie e Astad Bianca” and “Santangiolese”, while the lower one was
found in "San Rafele" and "Pappacona". Among the analysed landraces the anthocyanins occurred
mainly in the skin, and, therefore, the amounts were, generally, lower than 1% of total polyphenols.
The Vitamin E (α, γ tocopherols) was similar to USDA average data in most of the landraces, while
they were more than 100% higher in "Santa Paola" and "Santangiolese". Only in some landraces γ
tocopherol content was higher than the α one. However Vitamin E was highly correlated to
polyphenol content. Among the free amino acids asparagine occurred at the highest concentration
followed by GABA, aspartate and glutamate. Proline was at the highest level in “Sila” and “Del
Carmine”. Organic acids and Vitamine C were also analysed.
PCA analysis of all data evidenced a main cluster with 12 landraces of the 16 analysed ones.
Such data can integrate the genetic and agronomic ones for a better characterization of plum
landraces.
The work was funded by "Regione Campania, PSR 2007/2013, Measure 214, Action f2,
project Agrigenet"
Molecular Cytogenetics in Domestic Bovids: A Review
No full textThe discovery of the Robertsonian translocation (rob) involving cattle chromosomes 1 and 29 and the demonstration of its deleterious effects on fertility focused the interest of many scientific groups on using chromosome banding techniques to reveal chromosome abnormalities and verify their effects on fertility in domestic animals. At the same time, comparative banding studies among various species of domestic or wild animals were found useful for delineating chromosome evolution among species. The advent of molecular cytogenetics, particularly the use of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), has allowed a deeper investigation of the chromosomes of domestic animals through: (a) the physical mapping of specific DNA sequences on chromosome regions; (b) the use of specific chromosome markers for the identification of the chromosomes or chromosome regions involved in chromosome abnormalities, especially when poor banding patterns are produced; (c) better anchoring of radiation hybrid and genetic maps to specific chromosome regions; (d) better comparisons of related and unrelated species by comparative FISH mapping and/or Zoo-FISH techniques; (e) the study of meiotic segregation, especially by sperm-FISH, in some chromosome abnormalities; (f) better demonstration of conserved or lost DNA sequences in chromosome abnormalities; (g) the use of informatic and genomic reconstructions, in addition to CGH arrays, to predict conserved or lost chromosome regions in related species; and (h) the study of some chromosome abnormalities and genomic stability using PCR applications. This review summarizes the most important applications of molecular cytogenetics in domestic bovids, with an emphasis on FISH mapping applications
Comparison of genome stability in two pig breeds by using the sister chromatid exchange (SCE) test
No full textThe sister chromatid exchange (SCE) test has been used to detect genome stability in humans (Chaganti, 1974) and the main livestock species (Ciotola et al., 2004; Di Meo et al., 2000; Di Berardino et al., 1979), and to discover DNA damage caused by a variety of natural and artificial chemical compounds (Iannuzzi et al., 1990)
Exalphus spilonotus Restello, Iannuzzi & Marinoni 2001
No full text14. <i>Exalphus spilonotus</i> Restello, Iannuzzi & Marinoni, 2001 <p>Type locality — Brazil, Pará: Jacarecanga. (MNRJ). Distribution — Brazil (Pará, Rondônia, Mato Grosso).</p> <p> <i>Exalphus spilonotus</i> Restello, Iannuzzi & Marinoni, 2001: 298, fig. 13.</p>Published as part of <i>Monné, Miguel A., 2005, Catalogue of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of the Neotropical Region. Part II. Subfamily Lamiinae, pp. 1-760 in Zootaxa 1023 (1)</i> on pages 1-760, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.946.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5049553">http://zenodo.org/record/5049553</a>
A. M. Iannuzzi, M. De Leo, F. Camangi, M. P. Germanò, V. D’Angelo, N. De Tommasi, A. Braca
No full textIn Italy, there is a long-held tradition concerning the cultivation of Prunus avium L. (Rosaceae) fruits used both for eating and for making juices, jams, and drinks (1). P. avium, commonly called “sweet cherry”, is a vigorous tree extensively distributed in temperate areas of the world (2). Its fruits, which ripen between May and July, are very popular not only for their taste, colour, and sweetness but also for their nutritional properties consisting in a considerable amount of phenolic compounds (3). Despite the wide-spread interest in cherries, little is known about the chemical composition and bioactive properties of P. avium petioles which are considered plant waste without any commercial interest (2,4). The aim of this work was to compare six ancient Italian cultivars both for the phenolic and anthocyanin content of fruits (pulp and peel) and chemical constituents of petioles by HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS/MS analyses. Furthermore, the antitumor activity of phenolic compounds with a particular focus on apoptosis-inducing and potential cytotoxic effects was investigated. As far as we know, no research on the potential anti-angiogenic activity of P.avium has been yet reported. Therefore, the biological effect of fruit and petiole extracts of each cultivar on the formation of new blood vessels using as an in vivo model the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) was explored.
Among Italian cherries, the following cultivars were selected: Ferrovia (from the Puglia Region), Capellina, Morellina, Ciambellana, Napoletana, and Bianca (from the Casentino area in Tuscany, see http:/germoplasma.regione.toscana.it/) (5).
The quali-quantitative analysis of fruit extracts evidenced a similar phenolic profile with coumaroyl quinic acids, chlorogenic acid, rutin, kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside, and kaempferol 3-O--D-glucopyranoside, as the most representative compounds for all cultivars. Moreover, cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside was the only anthocyanin detected in all the cultivars (except for Bianca where anthocyanins were completely absent), being the most abundant in Capellina and Morellina cultivars. All cultivars petiole extracts resulted in a similar phenolic profile, among which the major constituents were catechin, taxifolin 7-O--D-glucopyranoside, apigenin 4-O--D-glucopyranoside, apigenin 5-O--D-glucopyranoside, naringenin 7-O--D-glucopyranoside, pinocembrin 7-O--D-glucopyranoside, chrysin 7-O--D-glucopyranoside, dihydrowogonin 7-O--D-glucopyranoside, and rutin, being Capellina, Napoletana and Bianca characterized also by the presence of procyanidin B type dimers and trimers.
Biological results showed that among fruit extracts, Ferrovia, Morellina, and Capellina cultivars exhibited the best antiangiogenic response inducing a marked reduction of the microvasculature of the CAMs (30.7-43.5% of inhibition at 100 and 160 μg/egg). In addition, the biological screening showed a good inhibition on the capillary growth even after treatment of the CAMs with Morellina, Ferrovia, and Ciambellana petiole extracts (30.6- 42.4% of inhibition at 100 and 160 μg/egg).
In conclusion, the extracts from P. avium cultivars here presented can be considered a valuable source of angiomodulators
A SCALE MODEL FOR EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF BOGIE VIBRATIONS: DESIGN, MANUFACTURE AND MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
No full textHow Do Regeneration Stages of Caatinga Forests Influence the Structure of Dung Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Assemblage?
No full textSalomão, Renato P., Iannuzzi, Luciana (2017): How Do Regeneration Stages of Caatinga Forests Influence the Structure of Dung Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Assemblage? The Coleopterists Bulletin 71 (3): 578-588, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-71.3.578, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-71.3.57
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