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Idiops mettupalayam Gupta, Ganeshkumar, Das & Siliwal, 2013, sp. nov.

Author: Gupta Neha
Ganeshkumar M.
Das Sanjay Keshari
Siliwal Manju
Publication venue
Publication date: 31/12/2013
Field of study

Idiops mettupalayam sp. nov. Ganeshkumar and Siliwal (Figs 3 A–H, Table 2) Type specimens. Holotype male. INDIA: Tamil Nadu: Mettupalayam, Coimbatore, [11°32′28′′N & 76°83′43′′E], 29 May 2006, coll. M. Chandrasekaran (WILD-06-ARA-142). Paratypes. INDIA: Tamil Nadu: 2 males, same data as holotype, 2 June 2006, (WILD-06-ARA-143, WILD- 06-ARA-144); male, same data as holotype, 30 May 2006 (WILD-06-ARA-145). Diagnosis. Males of Idiops mettupalayam sp. nov. resemble those of I. bombayensis and I. constructor in having a triangular spine on tibial spur on leg I (Fig. 3 E), but can be distinguished from those species by having mt I strongly incrassate for most of the length (Fig. 3 D) and leg I distinctly longer than leg IV (in I. bombayensis mt I is deeply incrassate in basal 3/4th with indistinct prolateral process; in I. joida, mt I is slender and lacks prolateral process; in I. constructor mt I is strongly incrassate in basal 3/4th and leg I and leg IV equal in length). Etymology. The species epithet is a name in apposition from the type locality, Mettupalayam, located at the foothills of the Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu. Description. Total length 8.53. Carapace 4.53 long, 3.70 wide; chelicerae 1.20 long; abdomen 4.00 long, 2.30 wide. Spinnerets: PMS, 0.27 long, 0.10 wide; PLS, 0.27 basal, 0.47 middle, 0.33 distal; midwidths 0.40, 0.27, 0.20 respectively; 1.07 total length. LEG I LEG II LEG III LEG IV PALP HT*= Holotype, PT= Paratypes Colour in alcohol. Carapace, leg I and palp reddish-brown, other legs yellowish-brown. Abdomen grayishbrown, pattern probably absent (as abdomen have shrunken, pattern not clear). AME encircled with black patch; black patches on caput and few irregular faint patches on rest of carapace. Carapace (Fig. 3 A). Oval, smooth except for few scattered wart-like tubercles along sides of striae; few row of hairs along posterior striae; black patch on caput; fovea deep, procurved. Eyes (Fig. 3 B). Eight in three rows, ALE situated far from AME on clypeal edge; posterior row procurved. Ocular group 1.00 long, 0.67 wide; MOQ almost square, 0.67 front and back width, 0.50 long. Diameter AME 0.28, PME 0.17, ALE 0.33, PLE 0.27; distance between ALE-AME 0.33, AME-AME 0.10, PME-PME 0.20, ALE- PLE 0.10, PLE-PME and ALE-ALE adjacent. Maxillae. 1.20 long anteriorly, 1.47 long posteriorly, 0.67 wide; cuspules absent; anterior lobe distinct, sparsely covered with long and short black bristles. Labium. 0.67 long, 0.60 wide, labiosternal groove shallow, slightly procurved, cuspules absent. Chelicerae (Fig. 3 C). 8 promarginal teeth in single row (size gradually decreasing from anterior to posterior end) on sclerotized ridge and single big tooth on outer margin of row of promarginal teeth; rastellum strong, raised on high triangular mound, consist of 3 large and 8 small thick, spines with 8 spinules on dorso-prolateral edge; many normal pointed spines vertically face and up dorsally on chelicerae; two glabrous bands for length of dorsal surface of chelicerae. Sternum. Broader between posterior coxae; yellowish-brown, elevated in centre, sloping laterally, covered with long black hair; row of long bristles on margins, posterior angle blunt but not separating coxae IV. Sigilla. Posterior sigilla absent; anterior and median pairs not visible due to shrinking of sternum. Legs. Leg I thicker than other legs; ti I inflated with pointed triangular spur facing upward on tubercle and small pointed process below tubercle (Figs 3 D–E); mt prolateraly incrassate 3/4th length, with distinct prolateral process at 1/4th from anterior end (Fig. 3 D); femorae and tibiae III clearly wider than others; metatarsi of all legs longer than tarsi. Legs cylindrical, covered with few scattered hair, bristles and few curved thick thorn-like spines. Two conspicuous glabrous bands for length of femora, patellae and tibiae (not very prominent on leg I). Leg formula 1423. Spines. More on promarginal and retromarginal sides of legs and palp. I: pa, v=3; ti, v=11, p=1+2spur; mt, p=1, v=5, r=5; ta, p=4, r= 9. II: fe, d=7, p=2, r=3; pa, p=2, v=4; ti, p=4+broken, v=9, r=3; mt, p=5, v=10, r=3; ta, p=1, r= 6. III: fe, d=11; pa, p=14, d=7, r=2; ti, p=8, r=d=5, v=7; mt, p=6, v=8, r=6; ta, p=1, r= 3. IV: fe, d=8; pa, p=18, d=5 (many spinules p=110, d=25, r=12); ti, v=7, r=6; mt, v=7, r=2; ta, p=5. Palp: fe, d=4; ti, r=26; ta, d=6. Trichobothria. Clavate absent; ta I, 12 long filiform in each of two zig-zag rows for length; ta II–III, 14 long filiform in 2 zig-zag rows for length; ta IV, 18 long filiform in basal two thirds; palp, 6 short filiform in centre of cymbium. Mt I, 5 short filiform in distal fourth; mt II–IV, 6–7 short filiform in distal fourth. Leg coxae. Coxa I–IV sparsely covered with long and short black bristles, more towards lateral than in centre. Coxae III with central patch without hair or spinules, others sparsely covered with long and short bristles. Coxae IV clearly broader than others, anterior edge curved, sparsely covered long bristles. Claws. Paired claw on leg I–III with unequal three teeth and leg IV with two unequal teeth; unpaired claw on all legs. Both claws (paired as well unpaired) on leg IV larger in size, well developed and prominent than on legs I–III. False claw tufts on each side of paired claws. Scopulae. On all leg tarsi; ta I, few scopuliform hairs in distal half, ta II–IV entire. Abdomen (Fig. 3 A). Grayish-brown covered with short and long black hair; cuticle appears leathery and slightly rough. Spinnerets. PMS digitiform covered with brown hair; PLS covered with brown hair, apical segment domed. Palp (Figs 3 F–H). Tarsi with two unequal lateral processes forming cavity on ventral. Median haematodocha extensive; embolus straight with distally twists about 90o; tip of embolus flat, wedge-like with central notch. Remarks. Paratypes are like the holotype. The paratype specimens are alcohol dried up and therefore only leg morphometry is provided for paratype specimen WILD-06-ARA-144 (Table 2). Natural history. This species was found in dry deciduous habitat, mostly dominated by bamboo. All the males were collected in pit-fall traps, during first monsoon showers. Efforts were made to find females but they could not be located; probably females make vertical burrow on the ground and therefore it was difficult to spot them. The soil was hard and red in colour.Published as part of Gupta, Neha, Ganeshkumar, M., Das, Sanjay Keshari & Siliwal, Manju, 2013, Three new species of Idiops Perty, 1833 (Araneae: Idiopidae) from India, pp. 237-250 in Zootaxa 3635 (3) on pages 244-246, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3635.3.3, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/216039">http://zenodo.org/record/216039</a&gt

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Idiops oriya Gupta, Ganeshkumar, Das & Siliwal, 2013, sp. nov.

Author: Gupta Neha
Ganeshkumar M.
Das Sanjay Keshari
Siliwal Manju
Publication venue
Publication date: 31/12/2013
Field of study

Idiops oriya sp. nov. Siliwal (Figs 4 A–E, Table 3) Type specimen. Holotype female. INDIA: Odhisa: Kapilas, Dhenkanal, [19°44′39.1′′N & 83°0 6′34.8′′E], 0 6 August, 2007, elev. 280 m, coll. Saroj Behera (WILD-07-ARA-198). Diagnosis. The new species resembles I. pylorus and I. madrasensis and differs from rest of the South and South-east Asian Idiops sp. in females having leg formula 4123. Females differs from those of I. pylorus by having ocular area longer than wide and those of I. pylorus and I. madrasensis in spermathecae structure being ice-cream cone-shaped (Fig. 4 E). Etymology. The species epithet refers to the vernacular language spoken in the type locality state, Odhisa. Description. Total length 16.66. Carapace 7.38 long, 5.97 wide; chelicerae 33.60 long; abdomen 9.28 long, 6.99 wide. Spinnerets: PMS, 1.02 long, 0.38 wide, 0.17 apart; PLS, 1.09 basal, 0.31 middle, 0.21 distal; midwidths 0.99, 0.77, 0.36 respectively; 1.61 total length. Colour in alcohol. Carapace, patellae, tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi of legs I–II and patella and tarsus of palp blackish-brown, other leg parts reddish-brown. Abdomen dorsally grayish-brown, mottled with yellowish spots; ventrally uniformly yellowish-brown. AME encircled with black patch. Carapace (Fig. 4 A). Glabrous, broader anteriorly (widest between legs II) and gradually narrowing posteriorly, striae prominent; fovea, procurved, deep. Bristles: 2 long and 2 short on caput; 2 short between AME- ALE; 3 short on clypeus edge. Eyes (Fig. 4 B). Eight in three rows, ALE situated far from AME on clypeal edge; posterior row procurved. Ocular group 1.75 long, 1.45 wide; MOQ not square, 0.64 front and 0.82 back width, 0.69 long. Diameter AME 0.22, PME 0.17, ALE 0.25, PLE 0.24; distance between ALE-AME 0.62, AME-AME 0.05, PME-PME 0.06, ALE- PLE 0.90, PLE-PME 0.43 and ALE-ALE adjacent. Maxillae (Fig. 4 C). 2.30 long anteriorly, 2.87 long posteriorly, 1.68 wide; ca. 50 cuspules distributed towards anterior edge; anterior lobe distinct. Labium (Fig. 4 C). 0.99 long, 1.37 wide, shallow labiosternal groove, slightly procurved, 1 large and 4 small cuspules on anterior edge. Chelicerae (Figs 4 C–D). 9 promarginal teeth, 8 retomarginal teeth; rastellum strong, raised on high triangular mound, consist of 16 thick, short spines with many bristles-like spines; two glabrous bands for length of dorsal surface of chelicerae. Sternum (Fig. 4 C). Broader between posterior coxae; reddish-brown, elevated in centre, sloping laterally, covered with long black hair; row of long bristles on margins, posterior angle blunt. Sigilla (Fig. 4 C). Posterior sigilla absent; median pair submarginal, 2.04 apart, 0.30 from margin and anterior pair round, marginal. Legs. Leg III thicker than other legs; femora III clearly wider than others; metatarsi of all legs longer than tarsi. Legs cylindrical except for metatarsi and tarsi of legs I–II and tibiae and tarsi of palp, dorsoventrally flattened, covered with few scattered hair, bristles and few curved, thick, thorn-like spines. Two conspicuous glabrous bands for length of femora, patellae and tibiae. Scopulae absent on all legs and palp. Leg formula 4123. Spines. More on promarginal and retromarginal sides of legs and palp. I: ti, p=18, r=22; mt, p=22, v=2, r=19; ta, p=8, v=3, r= 10. II: ti, p=10, v=8, r=5; mt, p=11, v=7, r=9; ta, p=7, v=3, r= 4. III: pa, p=9, r=2; ti, p=9, v=2, r=7; mt, p=10, v=6, r=7; ta, v= 10. IV: pa, p=11; ti, v=2; mt, v=7; ta, v=9. Palp: pa, v=1; ti, p=11, r=7; ta, p=14, v=5, r=10. Trichobothria. Clavate absent; ta I, 12 long filiform in each of two zig-zag rows for basal 3/4th; ta II, 9 long filiform; ta III–IV, 10 long filiform; palp, 22 short filiform for length. Mt I, 13 short filiform; mt II, 7 short filiform; mt III, 9 filiform; mt IV, 16 short filiform. Trichobothria on tarsi in two zig-zag rows in basal 3/4th and trichobothria on metatarsi for length. Leg coxae. Reddish-brown; coxae I–IV covered with long black bristles, more dense on anterior pairs. Coxae III–IV with central patch glabrous, others sparsely covered with long and short bristles. Coxae IV clearly broader than others, anterior edge curved. Claws. Paired claw on all legs with single tooth and palp with bifid tooth; unpaired claw on leg I–IV; all claws (paired as well as unpaired) leg IV distinctly larger in size than claws on leg I–III. False claw tufts on each side of paired claws. Abdomen (Fig. 4 A). Dorsum, grayish-brown heavily mottled with yellowish spots; uniformly covered with short and long black hairs, cuticle appears leathery and slightly rough. Venter uniformly yellowish-brown, evenly covered with short black hairs, intermixed with few long black hairs. Spinnerets. PMS digitiform covered with brown hair; PLS covered with brown hair, apical segment domed. Spermathecae (Fig. 4 E). Two single lobes facing away from each other; each lobe, distally bulge with notch at tip, resembling teats in mammals, sclerotized, covered with pores, otherwise lobes transparent, gradually narrowing (cone shape) and opens ventrally; transparent sheet of inverted triangular shape covers basal half of lobes. Natural history. The spider was found on a roadside cutting in a deciduous sacred grove. It was found sympatric with Heligmomerus barkudensis (Gravely, 1921) in Kapilas, Odhisa. Only a single female was found and so their population seems to be low as compared to H. barkudensis. More information on habitat can be seen in Siliwal et al. 2010. The burrow of this species was simple tube-like with thick silk linning, measuring about 15.0mm in diameter and 55mm in depth. Burrow was having vertical on the ground with a gentle slope. Like Heligmomerus barkudensis, entrance of the burrow had a hinge door (diameter 13.5mm), inside of which covered with thick layer of silk with claw markings in the center and outer side covered with soil particles and debris.Published as part of Gupta, Neha, Ganeshkumar, M., Das, Sanjay Keshari & Siliwal, Manju, 2013, Three new species of Idiops Perty, 1833 (Araneae: Idiopidae) from India, pp. 237-250 in Zootaxa 3635 (3) on pages 247-249, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3635.3.3, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/216039">http://zenodo.org/record/216039</a&gt

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