323 research outputs found
"Non so che fraticelli...": identità e tensioni minoritiche nella Marchia di Angelo Clareno
No full textMettendo a fuoco una delle zone in cui fu indiscutibilmente più significativo il fenomeno della “dissidenza” minoritica e nello stesso tempo più sentita l’influenza della testimonianza e degli insegnamenti di Angelo Clareno, la Marca Anconetana, l’articolo affronta questioni rilevanti per l’interpretazione di quelle vicende non solo a livello locale.
In primo luogo, si mostra l’ambiguità del termine “fraticello” non solo come categoria storiografica, ma già come termine utilizzato nelle fonti coeve ad Angelo Clareno. Il significato oscilla infatti, come già segnalò Tognetti agli inizi degli anni Ottanta del secolo scorso, da una generica designazione di un “romito” in senso molto generico, a stigma di un preciso gruppo condannato dall’autorità ecclesiastica con la bolla Sancta Romana del 1317.
Si fa inoltre notare che il termine viene usato per designare francescani “dissidenti” (e prevalentemente i seguaci di Angelo Clareno) dall’esterno, ma non da parte di coloro che si sentono parte di questi gruppi., vuoi da parte delle autorità, vuoi da parte dei saeculares, come scrive Paolino da Venezia.
Altro elemento importante è che, in una prima fase, “fraticelli” non viene usato per designare coloro che sostennero la ribellione di Michele da Cesena a Giovanni XXII; è senza dubbio più tardo (attestato da Andrea Richi nel 1381) un uso del termine “fraticelli” per designare anche questo gruppo di francescani “dissidenti”, ancora più tardo uno stabilizzarsi della distinzione tra “fraticelli de paupere vita” e “fraticelli de opinione”.
Nel corso dell’analisi, il saggio affronta la questione della interpretazione di una lettera Gentile da Foligno a Matteuccio da Gubbio, tramandataci in volgare insieme con la versione volgare delle lettere di Angelo Clareno. Si dimostra che le interpretazioni finora fornite devono essere corrette in modo sostanziale, e che solo cogliendo che Gentile da Foligno fa riferimento implicito alla bolla Sancta Romana (1317) il testo di Gentile diviene pienamente comprensibile. Anche l’interpretazione di una seconda lettera di Gentile, in cui l’Eremita di Sant’Agostino si fa latore del parere di Angelo Clareno, può essere decisamente migliorata rispetto ai commenti disponibili, e ricondotta al contesto degli atteggiamenti apologetici dei seguaci di Angelo Clareno nei confronti dell’accusa di essere stati condannati dalla bolla papale
Diagnosis and management of leukocytoclastic vasculitis
No full textLeukocytoclastic vasculitis (LCV) is a histopathologic description of a common form of small vessel vasculitis (SVV), that can be found in various types of vasculitis affecting the skin and internal organs. The leading clinical presentation of LCV is palpable purpura and the diagnosis relies on histopathological examination, in which the inflammatory infiltrate is composed of neutrophils with fibrinoid necrosis and disintegration of nuclei into fragments (“leukocytoclasia”). Several medications can cause LCV, as well as infections, or malignancy. Among systemic diseases, the most frequently associated with LCV are ANCA-associated vasculitides, connective tissue diseases, cryoglobulinemic vasculitis, IgA vasculitis (formerly known as Henoch–Schonlein purpura) and hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis (HUV). When LCV is suspected, an extensive workout is usually necessary to determine whether the process is skin-limited, or expression of a systemic vasculitis or disease. A comprehensive history and detailed physical examination must be performed; platelet count, renal function and urinalysis, serological tests for hepatitis B and C viruses, autoantibodies (anti-nuclear antibodies and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies), complement fractions and IgA staining in biopsy specimens are part of the usual workout of LCV. The treatment is mainly focused on symptom management, based on rest (avoiding standing or walking), low dose corticosteroids, colchicine or different unproven therapies, if skin-limited. When a medication is the cause, the prognosis is favorable and the discontinuation of the culprit drug is usually resolutive. Conversely, when a systemic vasculitis is the cause of LCV, higher doses of corticosteroids or immunosuppressive agents are required, according to the severity of organ involvement and the underlying associated disease
'Heretical Networks Between East and West: The Case of the Fraticelli'
No full textThis article explores the links between the Franciscan heresy of the Fraticelli and the Latin territories of Greece in the thirteenth to the fifteenth centuries. It argues that the early involvement of Franciscan dissidents, like Angelo Clareno, with the lands of Latin Romania played an important role in the development of the Franciscan movement of dissent, on the one hand by allowing its enemies to associate them with the disobedient Greek Church and on the other by establishing havens where the dissidents were relatively safe from the persecution of the Inquisition and whence they were also able to send missionaries back to Italy to revive the movement there. In doing so, the article reviews all the known information about Fraticelli communities in Greece, and discovers two hitherto unknown references, demonstrating that the sect continued to exist in Greece during the Ottoman period, thus outlasting the Fraticelli communities of Italy.</p
A clinical, histological and transcriptomic characterization of a selected series of Castleman disease’s cases
No full textCastleman disease (CD) is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder that includes various clinico-pathological subtypes. According to clinical course CD is divided in unicentric CD (UCD) and multicentric CD (MCD). MCD is further distinguished based on the etiological driver in herpes-virus 8 related MCD (that can occur in the setting of HIV), in MCD associated with POEMS syndrome (polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal protein, and skin changes) and idiopathic MCD (iMCD). The latter can also be divided in iMCD-TAFRO (thrombocytopenia, anasarca, fever, reticulin fibrosis, organomegaly) and iMCD-not otherwise specified. To date, CD pathogenesis is still uncertain, but it may represent the histological and clinical result of heterogeneous pathomechanisms, that mainly determines cytokines activation. A key role is played by IL-6, as demonstrated by efficacy of anti-IL6 therapy in some patients. To date, transcriptome investigations in CD lymph nodes documented expression and up-regulation of different cytokines and, specifically, have been made providing contrasting results about IL-6 trascription; furthermore few recent studies showed alterations of different T-cell subsets in CD patients, suggesting a possible role of the nodal microenvironment in CD development.
On such basis, our study was aimed to investigate the distribution of T-cell subsets and to assess the expression and quantification of IL-6 RNA sequence (RNAseq), in the clinico-pathological spectrum of CD. We evaluated the CD4/CD8 ratio and the number of T regulatory (T-reg) FOXP3+ cells in 28 CD cases. 32% of cases showed a decreased CD4/CD8 ratio due to increased CD8+ T cells, including both UCD, iMCD and HHV8+ MCD cases. T-reg subset analysis revealed a statistically significant (p<0,0001) lower mean number of FOXP3+ T-reg cells in CD cases when compared with non specific reactive lymph nodes. We did not find statistically significant differences in T-reg number between the different CD subtypes.
About IL-6 RNAseq we could enroll 5 of our CD patients (1 UCD, 2 iMCD, 1 HHV8+HIV- associated MCD, 1 HHV8+HIV+ associated MCD) and a non CD reactive control. All cases were tested to assess IL-6 RNAseq expression and quantification (held on 5 fields at 20x magnification using HISTOQUANT software). We used dual in situ hybridation-immunohistochemistry protocol to correlate the production of IL-6 with different nodal cellular population (CD3+ T-cell lymphocytes, CD68R/PGM1+ macrophages and CD31+ endothelial/lymphatic cells). All cases showed expression of IL-6 with a higher expression in CD cases compared to the control. Particularly, post-hoc analyses showed statistically significant differences (p<0.05) in IL-6 expression between HHV8+ cases and control. In CD cases IL-6 expression was noted in CD31+ endothelial/lymphatic cells whereas CD3+ T-cells and CD68R/PGM1+ macrophages were negative.
Our findings about T-cell subsets in CD lymphonodes may suggest that alterations in T-cell subpopulations that can lead to disruption of immune system control may contribute to the numerous changes in different cellular compartments that characterize CD. Furthermore our findings about IL-6 RNAseq seem to suggest that despite CD heterogeneity some similarities may exist in the lymph node microenvironment of different CD types. In this respect, our analysis seems to indicate that the major source of IL-6 production may be CD31+ endothelial cells
Atypical neutrophilic panniculitis as presentation of BCR-ABL1-negative chronic myeloid leukaemia
No full textWe report the case of an otherwise healthy 60-year-old man presenting with fever, leucocytosis and a painful swelling of the right calf. We initially performed cultural and cytological examination of the popliteal fossa mass, but the results were disappointingly inconclusive. The subsequent development of several erythematous subcutaneous nodules, rapidly evolving to broad ulcerative lesions, prompted us to reconsider the clinical setting as a whole, which included fever, marked leucocytosis and multiple subcutaneous nodules. A biopsy of the ulcerative lesions finally led to the diagnosis of neutrophilic panniculitis, which was sustained by a hybrid myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative disorder like BCR-ABL1-negative atypical chronic myeloid leukaemia. The patient was initially treated with high-dose intravenous corticosteroids, resulting in a dramatic improvement of the skin lesions and normalisation of blood tests. Azacytidine treatment was subsequently started, and the haematological disease remained stable
Per una rivalutazione del ruolo del personale non medico in Italia.( L’I.N.A.D.E.L. 29: 423-450, 1978 )
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