67 research outputs found
The Ideology of English : French Perceptions of English as a World Language /
No full text6 schw.-w. Abb., 53 schw.-w. Tab.Electronic reproduction.Mode of access: Internet via World Wide Web.Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (ACM, viewed April 03 2015
Human papillomaviruses in oral carcinoma and oral potentially malignant disorders: a systematic review
No full textHuman papillomavirus (HPV) in oral carcinoma (OSCC) and potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) is controversial. The primary aim was to calculate pooled risk estimates for the association of HPV with OSCC and OPMD when compared with healthy oral mucosa as controls. We also examined the effects of sampling techniques on HPV detection rates. Methods: Systematic review was performed using PubMed (January 1966-September 2010) and EMBASE (January 1990-September 2010). Eligible studies included randomized controlled, cohort and cross-sectional studies. Pooled data were analysed by calculating odds ratios, using a random effects model. Risk of bias was based on characteristics of study group, appropriateness of the control group and prospective design. Results: Of the 1121 publications identified, 39 cross-sectional studies met the inclusion criteria. Collectively, 1885 cases and 2248 controls of OSCC and 956 cases and 675 controls of OPMD were available for analysis. Significant association was found between pooled HPV-DNA detection and OSCC (OR=3.98; 95% CI: 2.62-6.02) and even for HPV16 only (OR=3.86; 95% CI: 2.16-6.86). HPV was also associated with OPMD (OR=3.87; 95% CI: 2.87-5.21). In a subgroup analysis of OPMD, HPV was also associated with oral leukoplakia (OR=4.03; 95% CI: 2.34-6.92), oral lichen planus (OR=5.12; 95% CI: 2.40-10.93), and epithelial dysplasia (OR=5.10; 95% CI: 2.03-12.80). Conclusions: The results suggest a potentially important causal association between HPV and OSCC and OPMD. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S
A study on the efficacy and safety of combining dental surgery with tonsillectomy in pediatrics
No full textFaizaan Syed,1 Joshua C Uffman,1,2 Dmitry Tumin,1 Catherine M Flaitz,3,4 Joseph D Tobias,1,2 Vidya T Raman1,2 1Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, 2Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 3Department of Dentistry, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, 4Division of Dentistry, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, OH, USA Purpose: Few data exist on combining pediatric surgical procedures under a single general anesthetic encounter (general anesthesia). We compared perioperative outcomes of combining dental surgical procedures with tonsillectomy during one anesthetic vs separate encounters. Methods: We classified elective tonsillectomy ± adenoidectomy and restorative dentistry as combined (group C) or separate (group S). Outcomes included anesthesia time, recovery duration, the need for overnight hospital stay, and postoperative complications. Results: Patients aged 4±1 years underwent tonsillectomy and dental surgery in combination (n=7) or separately (n=27). No differences were noted in total anesthesia time (C: median: 150, interquartile range [IQR]: 99, 165 vs S: median: 109, IQR: 92, 132; 95% CI of difference in median: –58, +10 minutes; P=0.115) and total recovery time (C: median: 54, IQR: 40, 108 vs S: median: 72, IQR: 58, 109; 95% CI of difference in median: –16, +48 minutes; P=0.307). The need for overnight stay (C: 4 of 7, S: 20 of 27; P=0.394) did not differ between the groups. No postoperative complications were noted in either group. Conclusion: These preliminary data support the potential feasibility of combining dental procedures with tonsillectomy during a single anesthetic encounter. Such care may not only reduce costs but also limit parental work absences and increase convenience for patient families. When compared with procedures performed separately, combined procedures did not result in increased morbidity or significant changes in postoperative outcomes.Keywords: combined, separate, tonsillectomy, adenoidectomy, dental, surgery, anesthesi
Removal Pathway of Bioactive Glass Resorption Products from the Body
No full textAbstractWe traced and quantified the silicon released from bioactive glass (BG) granules in vivo (45S5, 300–355 μm). 1500 mg of BG granules were implanted in the paraspinal muscle of 7 four kg rabbits. Blood samples and 24-hour urine samples were obtained over a 24 week period. Local muscle tissue as well as the following organs were harvested for chemical and histological analyses: brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus. Flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used to measure the concentration of elemental silicon in all the samples after digestion. Tissues and fluids from a sham group of 7 rabbits (underwent surgical procedure but received no implants) were obtained in a similar manner.The urinary silicon of the implanted group was significantly higher than in the control group. From the data, the calculated average excretion rate was approximately 2.4 mg/day, and as such, 100 percent of the implanted silicon was excreted in 19 weeks. No elevated concentrations of silicon were found at the implant site or in the other organs after 24 weeks. Histological appearance of all major organs was normal for all animals in the study.The concentrations of silicon measured in the urine were well below saturation and since no significant increase in silicon was found in the kidney or in the other organs, the increased silicon excretion rate was within the physiological capacity of rabbits. Therefore, it can be concluded that the resorbed silica gel is harmlessly excreted in soluble form through the urine.</jats:p
Double-Blind Comparison of Rectally Administered Diazepam to Placebo For Pediatric Sedation: The Cardiovascular Response
No full textThe sedative and cardiovascular effects of rectally administered diazepam (0.6 mg/kg) were compared to placebo in uncooperative children who required sedation during dental treatment. Twelve healthy preschool children, who required amalgam restorations, were treated during two standardized restorative appointments in a double-blind, crossover study. Blood pressure and pulse were obtained during four specified intervals during the appointment. The behavior of the children during the treatment visits was videotaped and later statistically analyzed using a kinesics/vocalization instrument. Behavioral ratings of cooperation were significantly improved during the treatment visit following diazepam. All interfering bodily movements, patient vocalizations and operator commands for the diazepam group were reduced significantly (p≤0.0001). No significant differences were observed for noninterfering behavioral response. Rectally administered diazepam did not alter blood pressure or pulse significantly in these sedated children when compared to the placebo. These findings indicate that rectal diazepam is an effective sedative agent with minimal effect on the cardiovascular system for the management of the young pediatric dental patient
A comparison of the oral narrative abilities of underachieving and high-achieving gifted adolescents: A preliminary investigation
No full textFew researchers have examined the narrative abilities of underachieving gifted students. This study investigated the ability of eighth-grade underachieving gifted adolescents to spontaneously produce oral narratives by comparing their stories to those that were produced by achieving gifted peers. It was hypothesized that evidence of difficulty generating the stories relative to the macrostructure (organization of ideas across sentences) and the microstructure (organization of ideas within sentences) would be exhibited by the underachieving gifted subjects. Twenty 13-year-old eighth-graders served as subjects in the present investigation. All were identified as gifted by their local school system and were enrolled in the gifted program at the time of their participation in the study. Ten of the subjects met criteria for the underachieving gifted group and ten met criteria for the achieving gifted group. The stories produced by the underachieving gifted subjects were compared to those produced by their achieving gifted peers for differences in 13 dependent measures of story length, episodic integrity, story grammar components, and sentence complexity. Differences in the mean number of occurrences of each of the 13 variables were found. The result of the MANOVA revealed that when the 13 dependent variables were considered in combination, the stories told by the underachieving gifted subjects differed significantly from those produced by the achieving gifted subjects at the p \u3c .05 level of significance. Results of the univariate analyses indicated that these differences were not accounted for by any one element of story macrostructure or microstructure, but rather that the stories differed across multiple dimensions, each of which contributed to the overall difference. The results of this study suggest that the language of underachieving gifted children may differ from that of gifted peers when narrative language is examined. Results are discussed relative to the limitations of the study and implications for future research
Multifunctional poly(alkyl methacrylate) films for dental care
No full textTowards the evaluation of non-permanent dental coatings for their capacity to impart dental-care benefits, thin films of a homologous series of comb-like poly(alkyl methacrylate)s (ethyl to octadecyl) have been deposited, from aqueous latex formulations, onto dentally relevant substrates. AFM studies have shown that the thickness (40–300 nm) and surface roughness (8–12 nm) of coherent polymer films are influenced by the degree of polymerization and by the length of the pendant chain. Of the polymers under consideration, poly(butyl methacrylate) formed a close-packed film that conferred to dental substrates a high degree of inhibition to acid-mediated erosion (about 27%), as evaluated by released-phosphate determinations. The potential utility of the coatings to act as anti-sensitivity barriers has been evaluated by determining the hydraulic conductance of coated bovine-dentine substrates; single treatments of dentine discs with poly(butyl methacrylate) or with poly(ethyl methacrylate) effected mean respective reductions in fluid flow of about 23% with respect to water-treated controls; repeated applications of the poly(butyl methacrylate) latex led to mean reductions in fluid flow of about 80%. Chromometric measurements have shown that pellicle-coated hydroxyapatite discs treated with poly(butyl methacrylate), poly(hexyl methacrylate) or poly(lauryl methacrylate) exhibit significant resistance to staining by food chromogens
Interfacial oxide formation and oxygen diffusion in rare earth oxide–silicon epitaxial heterostructures
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