33 research outputs found
La sequenza stratigrafica, Catalogo (con A. Ruta Serafini), Note conclusive (con A. Ruta Serafini)
No full textVengono presentati i risultati di un intervento di archeologia di emergenza effettuato nella necropoli orientale di Padova, che ha portato al recupero di 26 sepolture di VI sec. a. C
La caccia al cervo nel sito dell\u27Epigravettiano antico-evoluto di Palidoro (Roma)
No full textRiassunto - Il sito di Palidoro è un riparo sotto roccia localizzato sul litorale laziale a 30 Km NW da Roma. Gli scavi furono condotti negli anni 1955-59 dall’Istituto Italiano di Paleontologia Umana (A. C. Blanc, V. G. Chiappella e P. F. Cassoli) e hanno messo in luce una stratigrafia con frequentazione umana dell\u27Epigravettiano antico-evoluto databile tra 16.060 e 13.850 anni dal presente. Alcuni dati preliminari faunistici relativi al solo scavo 1955 sono già stati presentati da Cassoli (1976-77). In questo lavoro si presentano i risultati dello studio archeozoologico di 4.620 resti ossei di Cervus elaphus recuperati dall\u27insieme delle campagne di scavo. I dati sull\u27età di morte nonché quelli morfometrici hanno consentito di ipotizzare le strategie di sfruttamento della popolazione di cervi nell\u27area circostante il giacimento. Il campione osteologico ha permesso di riconoscere attività antropiche relative al trattamento e all’utilizzo delle carcasse. I dati faunistici di Palidoro rappresentano il primo studio archeozoologico approfondito dell’Epigravettiano antico-evoluto del’Italia centrale e vanno a colmare la carenza di informazioni paleoeconomiche su questo periodo Summary - Deer hunting in the early-evolved Epigravettian site of Palidoro (Roma) The site of Palidoro lies in a rock-shelter located on the seacoast, about 30 km NW from Rome. Excavations were carried out between 1955 and 1959 by the Istituto Italiano di Paleontologia Umana (A. C. Blanc, V. G. Chiappella and P. F. Cassoli) and they enlightened a stratigraphy of the early Epigravettian with human presence, which has been dated between 16,060 and 13,850 years B.P. Some preliminary faunal data of the only 1955’s excavation have already been shown by Cassoli (1976-77). In this work, results of the archaeozoological study of about 4,620 bone remains of Cervus elaphus, gathered from all the excavation campaigns, are presented.The set of data about death age and morphometry has given the opportunity of hypotizing the deer exploitation strategies in the area surrounding the rock-shelter. The osteological sample has allowed the identification of the human activities for the treatment and exploitation of the carcasses. Faunal data of Palidoro site represent the first thorough archaeozoological study of the early-evolved Epigravettian in central Italy and contribute to fill the lack of palaeoeconomical information of this age
Activité de subsistance et exploitation des ressources de l’environnement à S. Croce (Bisceglie – Bari – Italie du Sud): les unités stratigraphiques US 546 et 535 du Paléolithique moyen
No full textLa grotte de Santa Croce de Bisceglie s’ouvre à la base d’une brève paroi rocheuse, à 7 kilométres environ de la côte, sur le versant droit d’une petite vallée peu profonde. L’environnement est un vaste territoire karstique plat, qui descend en pente douce vers la mer (Fig. 1). La cavité, qui actuellement est d’une profondeur de plus que 100 m, est obstruée par des blocs calcaires plongés en argiles, limons et sables rouges : il s’agit d’un dépôt dépourvu de matériel archéologique, sédimenté en grotte à travers des goulots, dont l’âge remonte probablement au Pléistocène moyen par rapport aux anciennes lignes côtières des Murge. À l’extérieur de la cavité actuelle, un talus s’étend sur une longueur de 40 m et rejoint, 12 m plus en contrebas, le lit d’une petite rivière qui localement est appelée « lama di Santa Croce » et qui a donné son nom à la Grotte.
Des sondages avaient été conduits entre 1939 et 1958, tant à l’intérieur qu’à l’extérieur de la grotte, par Luigi Cardini de l’Institut Italien de Paléontologie Humaine de Rome et par Francesco Saverio Majellaro, qui avait signalé ce site : on avait reconnu plusieurs niveaux avec des restes lithiques et fauniques d’âge holocène (Néolithique et Bronze), du Paléolithique moyen et, seulement à l’extérieur, du Paléolithique supérieur (Epigravettien) (Laplace 1966 ; Segre et Cassoli 1987). Après une période d’abandon assez longue, les fouilles ont été reprises en 1997 par l’Université de Sienne en collaboration avec la Soprintendenza per i Beni Archeologici des Pouilles (Francesca Radina). Chaque fois les recherches ont été couronnées par des découvertes très importantes, toujours à l’intérieur de la cavité mais remontant à des phases chronologique- culturelles bien différentes : en 1955 un fémur d’Homo neanderthalensis, probable proie de carnivores (Cardini 1955 ; Mallegni et al. 1987) ; en 1997 une natte en fibres végétales du Néolithique ancien (Boscato et al. 2002, 2003). Malheureusement dans cette dernière phase de fouille il a été constaté que, durant l’interruption des recherches, les niveaux du Paléolithique moyen au dessous avaient été abîmés par des terriers de blaireau. C’est pour cela que, dès 1998, les fouilles se sont concentrées sur le talus externe
Produção de lipídios e ácidos graxos pela cianobactéria Amazoninema acuminatum CMAA 1602 em cultivo com vinhaça.
No full textAs cianobactérias são micro-organismos procarióticos e fotoautotróficos que apresentam ampla variedade morfológica e metabólica, facilitando sua colonização nos mais diversos tipos de ambientes. Essa versatilidade tem reflexo nas inúmeras aplicações biotecnológicas em áreas como agricultura (biofertilizantes), nutrição (suplementos) e tratamento de efluentes (produção de floculantes). Com a crescente demanda energética e de alimentos, as cianobactérias apresentam-se como alternativas mais sustentáveis para biossíntese de produtos com interesse industrial, principalmente quando associado ao cultivo em resíduos como a vinhaça. Nesse sentido, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da adição de vinhaça no cultivo da cianobactéria Amazoninema acuminatum CMAA 1602 na produção de lipídios e composição de ácidos graxos, utilizando duas metodologias. Em um primeiro experimento, a linhagem A. acuminatum CMAA 1602 foi cultivada em 200 mL de meio BG11 com e sem a adição de vinhaça a 1% (v/v) - BG11v - em triplicatas por 15 dias (25 ± 1ºC, 30-40 ?mol.fóton.m-2.s-1, 14 h claro: 10 h escuro). A extração dos ácidos graxos foi realizada diretamente da biomassa úmida pelo método descrito por Sasser (1990), e a análise da sua composição foi feita em GC-2010 (Shimadzu) com detector FID usando coluna capilar (DB-23 Agilent 60m, 0.25DI e 0,25?m) e comparado ao padrão F.A.M.E C4-C24 da Supelco. No segundo experimento, a linhagem foi cultivada nos mesmos meios e a biomassa foi coletada nas fases de crescimento log e estacionária. Em seguida o teor de umidade da biomassa foi ajustado para 45% e procedeu-se a extração de lipídios pelo método descrito por Folch et al. (1957) com modificações. Os ésteres metílicos de ácidos graxos foram obtidos a partir da fração lipídica e analisados por GC-FID. Os resultados demonstraram uma variação significativa na composição de ácidos graxos nos dois experimentos. Na extração diretamente da biomassa observou-se a predominância de ácidos graxos poli-insaturados (PUFA) em ambos experimentos: 41,74% ± 1,19 em BG11 e 34,38% ± 4,79 em BG11v. Além disso, a adição de vinhaça aumentou a presença de ácidos graxos monoinsaturados de 10,84% ± 0,96 para 20,93% ± 5,8. No segundo experimento, os teores de lipídios variaram entre 8,11% e 9,13% da biomassa seca, com a maior produtividade lipídica no meio com vinhaça. Em relação a composição, os ácidos graxos saturados foram predominantes em meio BG11 (38,27% e 41,93%) e os monoinsaturados (41,04% e 32,75%) em BG11v, sendo o ácido palmítico (C16:0) o majoritário em todas amostras analisadas. Assim, fica evidente que a adição de vinhaça no meio de cultivo influenciou a produção de lipídios bem como a composição de ácidos graxos na linhagem estudada em relação ao meio de cultivo tradicional (BG11)
L’Epigravettiano recente nell’area prealpina e alpina orientale
No full textLe condizioni ambientali che accompagnarono la colonizzazione antropica tardoglaciale iniziarono a delinearsi con la deglaciazione würmiana, un processo scandito cronologicamente dalle date radiocarbonio (14.765±135 e 14.370±115 B.P.) dei larici del bacino di Revine. A questa fase, che vede l’impostazione di un ambiente a parco nelle sedi occupate dai rami periferici del ghiacciaio del Piave durante l’Ultimo Massimo Glaciale, appartengono le prime attestazioni di occupazione dei margini prealpini da parte degli epigravettiani. Il Riparo Tagliente, a 250 m di quota sul fondo della Valpantena nei Monti Lessini, presenta i tratti salienti di sito a frequentazione ripetuta, in un ambiente aperto dove stambecchi e bovidi costituivano le specie predominanti nell’economia di caccia
Ecotoxicity evaluation: preparation of poly-e-caprolactone and chitosannanoparticles as carriers of thiamethoxam pesticide.
No full textAbstract: The transmission of Huanglongbing (HLB) disease on citrus plants is through dissemination of the bacteria Candidatus Liberibacter ssp, by Diaphorina citri psyllid, its insect vector. Chemical control of the psyllids, and thiamethoxam (neonicotinoid insecticide) is one of the active ingredients used in the control of HLB. This insecticide is water soluble, unstable and rapidly degraded by photolysis. Pesticide nanoformulation is one of the strategies to control release of active compound as well as protection for premature degradation. Thus, studies of the effectiveness of encapsulated pesticide formulations are extremely important for enabling its use in agriculture. This study reports the encapsulation of the insecticide thiamethoxam in polymeric particles from poly-?-caprolactone (PCL) and chitosan by double emulsion and solvent evaporation method using different concentrations of chitosan and two Pluronic (poloxamer) copolymers, F 127 and F68. These nanoparticles were characterized in terms of size, zeta potential, polydispersity, and encapsulation efficiency. The encapsulation efficiency, measured by liquid chromatography was 34%. The nanoparticles obtained from optimized conditions resulted in homogeneous and monodisperse particles with a positive superficial charge. The microalgae Raphidocelis subcapitata (bioindicator chloroficea) and microcrustacean Artemia salina, were used to evaluate the ecotoxicity of nanopesticide in comparison to pesticide already in the market. The ecotoxicity study demonstrated that nanopesticide was less toxic that commercial formulations in the studied conditions
Short communication: Evaluation of an on-farm test to estimate somatic cell count
No full textThe objective of this study was to compare the results of an on-farm test, named Somaticell, with results of electronic cell counting and for milk somatic cell count (SCC) among readers. The Somaticell test correctly determined the SCC in fresh quarter milk samples. Correlation between Somaticell and electronic enumeration of somatic cells was 0.92 and. coefficient 0.82. Using a threshold of 205,000 cells/mL, the sensitivity and specificity for determination of intramammary infections were 91.3 and 96.0%, respectively. The SCC was greater for milk samples from which major mastitis pathogens were recovered. Minor variation among readers was observed and most likely associated with the mixing procedure. However, the final analysis indicated that this variation was not significant and did not affect the amount of samples classified as having subclinical mastitis. The on-farm test evaluated in this study showed adequate capacity of determining SCC on quarter milk samples and may be considered as an alternative for on-farm detection of subclinical mastitis.Madasa (Sao Paulo, Brazil
Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) and significance (p) of blood variables with different O<sub>2</sub> flows during immobilisation of free-ranging capybaras (<i>Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris</i>).
No full textpH, potential hydrogen; SaO2, haemoglobin oxygen saturation; PaO2, partial pressure of arterial of oxygen; PaCO2, partial pressure of arterial of carbon dioxide; HCO3-, bicarbonate; Ca2+, plasma ionised calcium; Na+, plasma sodium; K+, plasma potassium; Glu, glucose; 2L, animals which received 2L/min oxygen supplementation after 30 min until 60 min; 5L, animals which received 5L/min oxygen supplementation after 30 min until 60 min. Vertical axis represents r values. In the bright area, the closer to the edge, the greater the positive correlation. In the dark area, the closer to the centre, the greater the negative correlation. Markers represent a significant correlation (p <0.05).</p
Ecotoxicity evaluation: preparation of poly-E-caprolactone and chitosan nanoparticles as carriers of thiametoxam pesticide.
No full textHuanglongbing (HLB) is probably the most serious disease of citrus, nowadays. The severity of disease is mainly the rapid and efficient dissemination of the bacteria associated with HLB by psyllids Diaphorina citri (D. citri) and the absence of genetic resistance in citrus. Chemical control is the main way to control the psyllids, and there are different insecticides registered for this purpose. Thiamethoxam (neonicotinoid insecticide) is one of the active ingredients used in the control of HLB. Pesticide formulations nanocapsules allow a controlled release of active as well as protection against their premature degradation, allowing the use of conventional insecticide in a more sustainable way. Thus, studies of the effectiveness of encapsulated pesticide formulations are extremely important for enabling its use in agriculture. This study reports the encapsulation of the insecticide thiamethoxam in polymeric particles from poly-?-caprolactone (PCL) and chitosan by double emulsion and solvent evaporation method using different concentrations of chitosan and two Pluronic (poloxamer) copolymers, F 127 and F68. These nanoparticles were characterized in terms of size, polydispersity, and encapsulation efficiency. The microalgae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (bioindicator chloroficea) was used to evaluate to ecotoxicity of nanopesticide in comparation of commercial formulation. The nanopesticide obtained resulted in homogeneous and monodisperse particles, with the mean diameter obtained of 166.3 nm, polydispersity indices were lower than 0.4 and positive superficial charge (+25 mv).The encapsulation efficiency, measured by by liquid chromatography, it was 34%. The ecotoxicity results demonstrated that the nanopesticide was less toxic that commercial formulations, in the same concentrations
