2,767 research outputs found
Derogation on the EU Nitrates Directive: does it make a difference?
No full textThe paper discusses an ex ante evaluation of the derogation on the Nitrates Directive for Flanders, Belgium, which is a case of intensive but highly productive livestock areas. The aim is to develop an accurate simulation model to detect small differences in manure surpluses caused by changes of manure production and/or utilization. The system of models consists of various modules to fine tune the calculations of manure production, fertilizing behaviour and manure allocation and disposal on and off farm. The results show that derogation may cause the existing manure surpluses to expire, if only nitrogen limits are considered and no transactions costs are taken into account. When also phosphate fertilization limits are considered, the increase in manuring possibilities is much lower than expected. Ongoing research focuses on the marginal shifts in manure surplus at farm level and possible effects of transactions costs.Nitrates Directive, derogation, modelling, Environmental Economics and Policy, Livestock Production/Industries,
L'Échange politique: Paul H. Claeys, André P. Frognier (dir.)
No full textBosc Christel. L'Échange politique: Paul H. Claeys, André P. Frognier (dir.). In: Pôle Sud, n°4, 1996. Négociations, sous la direction de François Baraize . pp. 123-128
Geology and Emplacement Mechanism of Chicxulub Crater Deposits: An Analogue for Planetary Impact Ejecta
No full textSmit, J. [Promotor]Claeys, P. [Copromotor
Innovation and performance of European banks adopting Internet
No full textEbanking has been a bit of a fad. Virtual banks were believed to challenge traditional banks.
The burst of the internet bubble brought down this first generation of internet banks.
Traditional branch banks have gone online since. Existing banks started to buy up some failed
internet banks; some have set up an internet bank of their own. It seems this second
generation of online banks performs better (DeYoung et al., 2007). However, other traditional
banks have started to complement branch banking with simpler online facilities, like an
internet portal. We examine the reasons for banking groups to either own an internet bank or
provide an internet portal. On a panel of the 60 largest EU banking groups over the period
1995-2005, we find that banks with a heavy cost structure and a large market share in client
deposits and noninterest activities are more likely to introduce internet banking.
Concentration in the banking market favours adoption of internet banking although in some
markets, like France or Italy, M&A have been an easy way to acquire small internet banks.
There is little evidence of economies of scope in ICT development. The performance of the
banking groups with an internet bank is poor. It has mainly created additional costs (although
labour costs have been cut) but so far, little return
Pamiers (Ariège). Cailloup
No full textClaeys L. Pamiers (Ariège). Cailloup. In: Archéologie médiévale, tome 24, 1994. p. 451
Utopia at Five Hundred: Some Reflections
No full textPublished in 1516, Thomas More's Utopia has come to signify attempts to reform society in a dramatic, radical, and substantial manner. Thanks to the influence of Karl Marx in the twentieth century, it has become identified as the classic precursor of the modern argument for communism as the solution to mankind's most essential woes. This article will sketch the main themes and context of Utopia, suggesting that to modern readers More presents a highly ambiguous, even "dystopian" portrait of an "ideal society." It then trace the contours of the development of the utopian idea across the centuries to the present, focussing on the relationship between utopianism and millenarianism in particular, and the development of euchronia and the modern idea of progress in the eighteenth century. It will then ask what relevance, if any, More's central themes have to the modern reader, and suggest that in its warnings about the effects of machinery upon humanity and in its varied visions of global environmental catastrophe the dystopian tradition offers later modern readers a stark warning about our possible future.A&HCIARTICLE3,SI402-4112
Financial innovation in internet banking : a comparative analysis
No full textWe compared the performance of different online banking models over the 1995–2004 period in Finland, Spain, Italy and the UK. Groups with Internet banks are not performing worse in terms of average returns to assets (or
equity), and do not seem to run higher operational costs for the little income they generate. From the fuzzy cluster analysis we found that IBs are hard to distinguish from banks that adopt both click and mortar strategies.
Country-specific features appear to be more important in explaining differences across banks. We therefore explain the performance of banks by a group of selected bank-specific features, but also add country-specific macroeconomic indicators and IT-related ratios. We find that the strategy of banking groups to incorporate IBs reflects some competitive edge that these banks have in their business models
Device Modeling
No full textIn this chapter we describe the modeling approaches developed for the simulation of germanium devices. The main focus will be on metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) devices, with particular attention on germanium-on-insulator (GOI) structures. Most of the approaches were originally developed for silicon devices, and thus we will describe them briefly, stressing the differences between Si and Ge and how they translate in different modeling requirements.
The chapter is organized according to a “bottom-up” structure, beginning with Section 9.2 which describes the main differences between the basic properties of Ge and Si, and then spanning from band-structure calculation up to the determination of the drain current in MIS devices for both n-channel and p-channel transistors. However, so far, most of the models have been developed for n-channel devices and cannot be easily extended to p-channel transistors. This is reflected also in the material presented in this chapter, which is more complete and richer of examples for n-channel than it is for p-channel transistors.
Section 9.3 is devoted to band-structure calculation. Since the main interest is in MIS devices, where carriers are quantized in a 2D inversion layer, a relevant fraction of the section is focused on the calculation of the energy states in 2D systems.
In the semi-classical physical framework that we will consider hereafter, the transport modeling is essentially based on the Boltzmann transport equation (BTE), whose general solution is
very complex because the scattering integrals make the stationary BTE an integral–differential equation in a multi-dimensional space of the phases (which has six dimensions for a bulk semiconductor and four dimensions for a 2D inversion layer). A dramatic simplification is
obtained by neglecting the scattering term, which leads to the ballistic transport regime. This simplified approach is mostly useful to investigate the upper-limits of the performance that can be attained with a device structure, so that it can be used for a preliminary investigation of the possible benefits related to new device structures, such as Ge channel Metal-oxidesemiconductor
field effect transistor (MOSFETs). This aspect is described in Section 9.4, where comparisons between Si and Ge devices are provided.
The solution of the BTE beyond the ballistic approximation is considered in Section 9.5, starting from approximate solutions such as the Drift-Diffusion approach, and then considering more accurate approaches, such as the Monte-Carlo (MC) method.
Finally, in Section 9.6 we will draw our conclusion and propose a “roadmap” for the forthcoming activities in the field of the simulation of advanced Ge devices
E. B. Havell : Indian Sculpture and Painting. 2d edition
No full textClaeys Jean-Yves. E. B. Havell : Indian Sculpture and Painting. 2d edition. In: Bulletin de l'Ecole française d'Extrême-Orient. Tome 29, 1929. p. 439
- …
