1,478 research outputs found
EU Development Policies and the Socio-Economic Disadvantage of European Regions.
No full textThe debate over the EU budget 2007-2013 made clear the need of an in-depth understanding of the distribution of the EU development funds. The scarce resources available need to be targeted more effectively towards the real needs of EU countries and regions in order to deliver the expected benefits. The literature on the impact of structural funds expenditure on regional growth and cohesion highlighted the reduced long-term impact of structural funds expenditure. One of the reasons for such result was identified in the biased allocation of funds among the different development axes. In this paper we assume a different perspective and focus the spatial structure of the expenditure for the Eu development policies under the 2000-2006 budget. For this purpose we collect a specific dataset for the EU-15 regions, including not only structural funds (as in the existing literature) but also rural development funds under the CAP. This extended dataset allows us to assess the spatial structure of a significant percentage of the total funds targeted towards regional development. On the basis such dataset we are able: a) to analyse the spatial concentration of structural expenditure as an important prerequisite for its effectiveness. A low degree of spatial concentration of the funds may support the hypothesis of a distribution based on political equilibrium rather than effectiveness. In addition we will be able to test the spatial association of rural and regional development funds which are rarely analysed jointly thus shedding some light on the spatial coherence of the expenditure for different policies; b) to compare the spatial concentration of EU funds with a specifically developed indicator of socio-economic disadvantage of the EU regions. This analysis will allow us to analyse the coherence of the EU regional policies with regard to the structural disadvantage of EU regions thus uncovering a potential inconsistency between policy objectives (favouring disadvantaged areas) and the beneficiaries of the funds. The paper shows that although there a certain degree of spatial association between structural and rural development expenditure the factors of socio-economic disadvantage are more spatially concentrated than the funds aimed at addressing such disadvantage.
Changes in Economic Geography Theory and the Dynamics of Technological Change
No full textThis chapter looks at the recent developments in economic geography theory and sets out to shed light on its contribution to the understanding of the dynamics of technological change. The replacement of the linear model with more sophisticated conceptualizations of the process of innovation has made it possible to account for persistent disparities in innovative performance across space and has motivated researchers to incorporate the role of space and places in the analysis of innovation processes. From the physical-metrical approach of geography as distance to the emphasis on specialization and diversification patterns (geography as economic place), institutional-relational factors, nonspatial proximities, and “integrated” frameworks, economic geography theory has substantially evolved in terms of its contribution to the understanding of technological dynamics with significant implications for the rationale, design, and implementation of innovation policie
RELATIVE COMPLEXITY OF EVALUATING THE OPTIMUM COST AND CONSTRUCTING THE OPTIMUM FOR MAXIMIZATION PROBLEMS
No full text[No abstract available
L'iconographie des manuscrits du Traité d'agriculture de Pier' de Crescenzi
No full textPerrine Mane, L'iconographie des manuscrits du Traité d'agriculture de Pier' de Crescenzi, p. 727-818.
Autour de 1305, le bolonais Pier' de Crescenzi écrit le Traité d'agriculture. Vingt-six exemplaires enluminés nous sont parvenus, tant en latin qu'en français, une traduction ayant été commandée en 1373. Datant des XIVe et XVe siècles, ces manuscrits permettent de cerner l'adéquation des images au texte, le poids des schémas iconographiques antérieurs, mais surtout l'apport documentaire de l'illustration d'un ouvrage en partie novateur. Grâce à l'épanouissement de l'esprit réaliste chez les miniaturistes à la fin du Moyen Âge, ils fournissent des indications précieuses sur plusieurs techniques comme sur la gestuelle des paysans.Mane Perrine. L'iconographie des manuscrits du Traité d'agriculture de Pier' de Crescenzi. In: Mélanges de l'Ecole française de Rome. Moyen-Age, Temps modernes, tome 97, n°2. 1985. pp. 727-818
Complexity of Evaluating the Optimum Cost and Constructing the Optimum for Maximization Problems
No full textThyroid core needle biopsy: taking stock of the situation
No full textRecently, the microhistologic evaluation by core needle biopsy (CNB) has been reported as high accurate to diagnose thyroid nodules with previous indeterminate or not adequate fine-needle aspiration cytology. In addition, sparse data have been reported regarding the use of CNB in other conditions. Aim of this review was to furnish the state of the art of this topic by summarizing published data about the diagnostic performance of CNB in thyroid lesions, and provide an easy to use reference for clinical practice. Sources encompass studies published through May 2014. Original articles were investigated and following specific aspects were discussed: 1. The “large” needle biopsy in 90’s; 2. Complications by and patient’s comfort with thyroid CNB; 3. Advantages provided by examination of a microhistologic sample of thyroid nodule; 4. Use of CNB in thyroid nodules with previous not adequate (Thy 1/Class 1/Category I) cytology; 5. Use of CNB in thyroid neoplasms (Thy 3/Class 3/Category III–IV) cytology; 6. Use of CNB in specific ultrasonographic presentations of thyroid nodules or in patients with peculiar clinical contexts; 7. First-line approach by CNB in thyroid nodules; 8. Immunohistochemistry and molecular tests on CNB samples; and 9. Future perspective
Linear Area Upward Drawings of AVL Trees
No full textAbstractWe prove that any AVL tree admits a linear-area straight-line strictly-upward planar grid drawing, that is, a drawing in which (a) each edge is mapped into a single straight-line segment, (b) each node is placed below its parent, (c) no two edges intersect, and (d) each node is mapped into a point with integer coordinates
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