47 research outputs found
TOP CITED PAPER IMPACT FACTOR 2013
No full textTOP CITED PAPER IMPACT FACTOR 2013 awarded to A. Del Casale, G.D. Kotzalidis, C. Rapinesi, D. Serata, E. Ambrosi, A. Simonetti, M. Pompili, S. Ferracuti, R. Tatarelli, P. Girardi, for the paper entitled "Functional Neuroimaging in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder". This paper was published in: Neuropsychobiology 2011;64:61-85
Confined water in the low hydration regime
No full textMolecular dynamics results on water confined in a silica pore in the low hydration regime are presented. Strong layering effects are found due to the hydrophilic character of the substrate. The local properties of water are studied as function of both temperature and hydration level. The interaction of the thin films of water with the silica atoms induces a strong distortion of the hydrogen bond network. The residence time of the water molecules is dependent on the distance from the surface. Its behavior shows a transition from a Brownian to a non-Brownian regime approaching the substrate in agreement with results found in studies of water at contact with globular proteins. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics
Progetto di un orario ferroviario cadenzato: approccio analitico e sviluppo di un software
No full textBrain stimulation in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): A systematic review
No full textBackground: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a highly prevalent, severe, and chronic disease. There is a need for alternative strategies for treatment-resistant OCD. Objective: This review aims to assess the effect of brain stimulation techniques in OCD. Methods: We included papers published in peer-reviewed journals dealing with brain stimulation techniques in OCD. We conducted treatment-specific searches for OCD (Technique AND ((ran-domized OR randomised) AND control* AND trial) AND (magnetic AND stimulation OR (rTMS OR dTMS)) AND (obsess* OR compuls* OR OCD)) on six databases, i.e., PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Web of Science to identify randomised controlled trials and ClinicalTrials.gov for possible additional results. Results: Different add-on stimulation techniques could be effective for severely ill OCD patients unresponsive to drugs and/or behavioural therapy. Most evidence regarded deep brain stimulation (DBS) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), while there is less evidence regarding transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), electroconvulsive therapy, and vagus nerve stimulation (for these last two there are no sham-controlled studies). Low-frequency TMS may be more effective over the supplementary motor area or the orbitofrontal cortex. DBS showed best results when targeting the crossroad between the nucleus accumbens and the ventral capsule or the subthalamic nucleus. Cathodal tDCS may be better than anodal in treating OCD. Limitations. We had to include methodologically inconsistent underpowered studies. Conclusion: Different brain stimulation techniques are promising as an add-on treatment of refractory OCD, although studies frequently reported inconsistent results. TMS, DBS, and tDCS could possibly find some use with adequate testing, but their standard methodology still needs to be established
Parasomnias
No full textParasomnias are defined undesirable physical events or experiences that occur during entry into sleep, within sleep or during arousals from sleep. Parasomnias occur more frequently in children than in adults. All parasomnias can be diagnosed based on subjective
reports from the patient, parent or caregiver, except for REM sleep behavior disorder where diagnosis requires polysomnographic investigation. This chapter also addresses the main clinical features and most recent treatments of parasomnias
Sleep disturbance in anxiety disorders
No full textAnxiety disorders are the most frequent psychiatric disorder with a lifetime prevalence of 29% in the general population. Anxiety-related hyperarousal can often lead to persistent circadian rhythm and sleep disturbances. Patients affected by anxiety disorders, including post-traumatic stress disorder, panic disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and phobias, often manifest sleep disturbances or complaints. Sleep disorders/disturbances are commonly associated with anxiety: impaired sleep can damage
neurocognitive performance and increase daily anxiety. Restoring a correct circadian rhythm is essential and basic. The study of multiple relationships between sleep disturbances and anxiety symptoms is of considerable importance in medical practice
Fundamentals of human chronobiology
No full textChronobiology is the study of biological temporal rhythms, including the circadian, weekly, seasonal, and annual rhythms. The term “circadian” comes from the Latin words “circa”, meaning “around”, and “dies [-ēi]”, meaning "day". A circadian rhythm can be defined as any biological process that manifests an endogenous entrainable oscillation of about 24 hours. Circadian rhythm affects physiology, behavior, cognition, and the sleep-wake cycle in mammalians and humans. The master clock located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus has a central role in circadian rhythm preservation. The human circadian time-keeping system is characterized by a composite architecture, with the central brain’s SCN pacemaker and subsidiary clocks in nearly every cell. The
sleep-wake cycle is a complex and dynamic phenomenon involving numerous cerebral structures, neuronal network, and neurotransmitters. Sleep is generally divided into non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. NREM and REM phases occur in the course of the sleep with cyclicity. Each phase has typical characteristics, including variations in brain wave patterns, eye movement type, and muscle tone. This chapter provides a general overview of the human circadian-generating systems and sleep physiology
Sleep disturbances and related psychopathologies
No full textClinical and neurophysiopathological correlates of sleep disorders/disturbances often precede and predispose to psychiatric disorders or psychological distress. Sleep disturbances can constitute, for each psychiatric disorder, a genuine worsening factor and a motor for illness. For this reason, it is useful to consider clinical intervention aimed at restoring normal sleep as a preventive intervention, both on sleep alterations as well as on mental disorders and psychological distress. The mutual relationships between the patient's personal aspects, sleep habits, and manifested sleep disturbances require further clarification. This chapter will analyze the prominent clinical impact of sleep disturbances and circadian rhythm alterations in major psychiatric disorders
Effectiveness of the association between topiramate and fluvoxamine in impulsive aggression of patients with severe traumatic brain injury
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