991 research outputs found
Data and R code for Culex acharistus
No full text#Data and R code for: The role of temperature in shaping Culex acharistus mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) life history traits in its southern limit of distribution (Patagonia-Argentina)
#Send for publication July 2022
#Manuscript Authors: Grech MG, Miserendino ML, Almirón WR.
#Author of R code, data curation and management: Grech MG
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Online Appendix - Supplemental material for Undesired properties of the European Commission’s refugee distribution key
No full textSupplemental material, Online Appendix for Undesired properties of the European Commission’s refugee distribution key by Philip Grech in European Union Politics</p
DATA Eurostat 151027 version 2 18.12.18 - Supplemental material for Undesired properties of the European Commission’s refugee distribution key
No full textSupplemental material, DATA Eurostat 151027 version 2 18.12.18 for Undesired properties of the European Commission’s refugee distribution key by Philip Grech in European Union Politics</p
Supplemental Figures-TablesCOR - Supplemental material for Undesired properties of the European Commission’s refugee distribution key
No full textSupplemental material, Supplemental Figures-TablesCOR for Undesired properties of the European Commission’s refugee distribution key by Philip Grech in European Union Politics</p
Preemptive type checking in dynamically typed programs
No full textWith the rise of languages such as JavaScript, dynamically typed languages have gained a strong foothold in the programming language landscape. These languages are very well suited for rapid prototyping and for use with agile programming methodologies. However, programmers would benefit from the ability to detect type errors in their code early, without imposing unnecessary restrictions on their programs.Here we describe a new type inference system that identifies potential type errors through a flow-sensitive static analysis. This analysis is invoked at a very late stage, after the compilation to bytecode and initialisation of the program. It computes for every expression the variable’s present (from the values that it has last been assigned) and future (with which it is used in the further program execution) types, respectively. Using this information, our mechanism inserts type checks at strategic points in the original program. We prove that these checks, inserted as early as possible, preempt type errors earlier than existing type systems. We further show that these checks do not change the semantics of programs that do not raise type errors.Preemptive type checking can be added to existing languages without the need to modify the existing runtime environment. We show this with an implementation for the Python language and demonstrate its effectiveness on a number of benchmarks
Network metrics and spatial distribution of seagrass in the central Great Barrier Reef
No full text<p> <strong>Attribute table</strong> (also in attached zip file):</p>
<p>Title: Network metrics and spatial distribution of seagrass in the central Great Barrier Reef</p>
<p>Custodian: Dr Alana Grech</p>
<p>Layer name: Meadows_Network_Metrics</p>
<p>Data format: GIS Shapefile</p>
<p>Brief description: Spatial layer of the seagrass meadows used in Grech et al. (in review). Attribute table contains information on the network metrics, derived using the network analysis software Gephi 0.9.2.</p>
<p>Search Words: connectivity, cumulative effects, seagrass, Great Barrier Reef, graph theory, networks</p>
<p>Currency: July 2013 – October 2017</p>
<p>Co-ordinate system: GCS GDA 1994</p>
<p>Access constraint: Need a DOI for review, searchable but not retrievable without my permission</p>
<p><strong>Attribute table key:  </strong></p>
<p>FNF: Indicates whether the meadow contains Foundation (F) or non-foundation (NF) species.</p>
<p>Node: Unique identifier. Nodes represent discrete seagrass meadows that can be connected to other meadows by weighted edges of the number of ‘virtual’ propagules.</p>
<p>Area_km2_: Area (km2) of meadow.</p>
<p>Community: Unique identifier of the node’s community. Communities were detected using modularity to measure the strength of division of the network into groups.</p>
<p>Betweeness: Betweeness centrality. A measure based on the number of shortest paths between any two nodes that pass through a particular node. Nodes around the edge of the network would typically have a low betweenness centrality. A high betweenness centrality might suggest that the node is connecting various different parts of the network together. </p>
<p>PageRank: A measure of a nodes importance as a source or sink that takes into account the full topology of the network.</p>
<p>Closeness: Closeness centrality. The sum of the minimum path lengths connecting a node to all other nodes. A low closeness centrality indicates a node’s isolation from the network.</p>
<p>Local_Rete: Local retention. The proportion of ‘virtual’ propagules that remain within the seagrass meadow.</p>
<p>Degree: Number of unweighted edges incident to that node. A high degree indicates network hubs.</p>
<p>In_Degree: Number of nodes supplying ‘virtual’ propagules to the node.</p>
<p>Out_Degree: Number of nodes that the node is supplying ‘virtual’ propagules too.</p>
<p>Weighted_D: Weighted degree. The sum of the number of ‘virtual’ propagules incident to that node.</p>
<p>Weighted_I: Weighted in-degree. The sum of the number of ‘virtual’ propagules coming into the node.</p>
<p>Weighted_O: Weighted out-degree (or Out-flux). The sum of number of ‘virtual’ propagules coming out of the node.</p>
<p>Weighted_1: Weighted out-degree (or Out-flux) – local retention. The sum of number of ‘virtual’ propagules coming out of the node minus the number of ‘virtual’ propagules that remain within the node.</p>
<p><strong>Abstract [Related Publication]:</strong> The rate of exchange, or connectivity, among populations effects their ability to recover after disturbance events. However, there is limited information on the extent to which populations are connected or how multiple disturbances affect connectivity, especially in coastal and marine ecosystems. We used network analysis and the outputs of a biophysical model to measure potential functional connectivity and predict the impact of multiple disturbances on seagrasses in the central Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area (GBRWHA), Australia. The seagrass networks were densely connected, indicating that as modelled seagrasses are resilient to the random loss of meadows. Our analysis identified discrete meadows that are important sources of seagrass propagules and that serve as stepping stones connecting various different parts of the network. Several of these meadows were close to urban areas or ports and likely to be at risk from coastal development. Deep water meadows were highly connected to coastal meadows and may function as a refuge, but only for non‐foundation species. We evaluated changes to the structure and functioning of the seagrass networks when one or more discrete meadows were removed due to multiple disturbance events. The scale of disturbance required to disconnect the seagrass networks into two or more components was on average > 245 kilometres; about half the length of the metapopulation. The densely connected seagrass meadows of the central GBRWHA are not limited by the supply of propagules, therefore management should focus on improving environmental conditions that support natural seagrass recruitment and recovery processes. Our study provides a new framework for assessing the impact of global change on the connectivity and persistence of coastal and marine ecosystems. Without this knowledge, management actions, including coastal restoration, may prove unnecessary and be unsuccessful.</p>
<p>The full methodology is available in the publication shown in the Related Publications link below.</p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p><p>Spatial layer of the seagrass meadows used in Grech, A., Hanert, E., McKenzie, L., Rasheed, M., Thomas, C., Tol, S., Wang, M., Waycott, M., Wolter, J. and Coles, R. (In Press). Cumulative effects of multiple disturbance events on seagrass connectivity. Global Change Biology.</p>
<p>Attribute table contains information on the network metrics, derived using the network analysis software Gephi 0.9.2.</p>
The image of universities from the point of view of students and high school graudates
No full textIn this article the most important results and conclusions from two surveys are presented. The first one is an internal survey conducted among the students of the University of Wroclaw. The second one is a survey conducted among students of final grades of high schools located in Wroclaw. Both surveys were conducted in the years 2007-2009 on the territory of Wroclaw. Taking into consideration the purposes of this work, we will focus just on the most significant results and conclusions from the conducted surveys. Full set of data is available in a book discussing the results of a survey on self-presentation and the image of non-public higher education institutions (Grech 2010) and in an article discussing the methodology and detailed results of a survey of the image of University of Wroclaw (Grech 2011). The first of the presented surveys was carried out by a group of employees and students of the Institute of
Journalism and Social Communication of the University of Wroclaw, the author of this
article belonged to. The second survey was the effect of a greater own project.
Due to the lack of comparable surveys concerning Polish universities, the survey which is presented in a limited extent in this article is pioneering in character and before reference data for other universities are obtained, it gives a foundation for drawing conclusions about the image of universities in Poland. The obtained results highlight expectations, open and hidden factors determining the choice of a university, praised and negatively assessed elements of a university's image, ideas about other Polish universities, reconstruction of the image of perfect university. The analysis of the collected data shows a few dimensions through which a university is regarded and through which the decision whether to choose this or that university is made. These dimensions are systemic and hierarchical and - depending on the situation other criteria are regarded as important
Terrorist attacks and the male to female ratio at birth : the bombings of Madrid (3/2004) and London (7/2005)
No full textIntroduction: Males are usually in excess of
females at birth and the ratio is often expressed as
M/F (male divided by total births). Several factors
have been shown to be associated with changes in
M/F, including major terrorist attacks. These are
associated with a transient lowering of M/F for a
one month period, three to five months after such
events. This study was carried out in order to
ascertain whether the Madrid March 2004
bombings and the London July 2005 bombings
were similarly associated with changes in M/F in
their respective populations.
Methods: Monthly live births by gender for
Madrid and Spain for 2004 and for England and
Wales for 2005 were obtained from the two
countries’ National Statistics Offices.
Results: There were no significant dips in M/F
for any of the months following the March 2004
bombings in Madrid or in Spain. There were no
significant dips in M/F for any of the months
following the July 2005 London bombings. Discussion: Research to date has shown M/F
dips following catastrophic or tragic events,
including major terrorist actions with extensive
media coverage. Equivalent dips were not noted in
this study for the terrorist acts in these instances.
The reasons for this may be one or a combination of
the following. The population size was not
sufficiently large in order to detect an M/F dip.
Alternatively, the events were not felt to be
sufficiently momentous by the populace such that
an M/F dip was not produced. Yet another
possibility is that these particular populations are
somehow hardier and more resistant to such
influences. Not all terrorist events universally cause
a significant reduction in M/F.peer-reviewe
Secular trends and latitude gradients in sex ratios at birth in Australia and New Zealand (1950- 2010) demonstrate uncharacteristic homogeneity
No full textIntroduction: The male to female ratio of live births is expressed as the ratio of male live births divided by total live births (M/F). Although this would be more accurately abbreviated as M/T (male births divided by total births), it is widely (albeit technically incorrectly) abbreviated as M/F, and this will be used throughout. Globally, over the past four decades, this is expected to be 0.515, with a slight (1.5%) male excess. M/F exhibits an unexplained contrasting latitude gradient. More males are born towards the south of Europe, and the south of Asia, while more males are born toward the north in North American continent. M/F is also declining overall, in both of these continents. This study investigates secular trends and latitude gradients in M/F in Australia and New Zealand from a World Health Organization (WHO) dataset that includes the past sixty years.
Methods: Permission was obtained to source WHO datasets going back to 1950, following which Microsoft Excel was used to calculate M/F ratios. Australian and New Zealand data were available for the years 1950-2006 and 1950-2009 respectively. Chi tests for trend were used for annual male and female births. These were performed using the Bio-Med-Stat Excel add-in for contingency tables.
Results: There were 17035325 births for Australia and New Zealand during this period. M/F ratios ranged between 0.507-0.519. No latitude variations in M/F were found between Australia (9° to 44°) and New Zealand (29° to 53°). The overall M/F was 0.5134 - lower than the anticipated 0.515, with an estimated male birth deficit of 28009. Cycles of 30 years duration are apparent in the dataset but not at statistically significant levels.
Discussion: The lack of latitude gradient in this region is not unexpected as there is a wide latitude overlap between Australia and New Zealand. It has been hypothesised that M/F exhibits a 30 year cycle due to an unknown mechanism that negatively correlates M/F with the adult sex ratio at the time of conception.
Conclusion: The factor/s that are causing a decline in M/F ratios in Europe, North America and Asia are absent or not so strongly influential in Australasia.peer-reviewe
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