14,598 research outputs found

    Author Gail Gibbons Holds Open Book, circa 1988

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    Author Gail Gibbons is shown holding open a book titled, Sunken Treasure by Gail Gibbons. The book was published in 1988. (circa 1988 or after)https://digitalcommons.jsu.edu/lib_ac_histimg_1980/1142/thumbnail.jp

    Gail Pratt

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    Photograph - A portrait of Gail Pratt, Athabasca, Albert

    Gail Pratt - 02

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    Photograph - A portrait of Gail Pratt, Athabasca, Albert

    Clinical validity assessment of a breast cancer risk model combining genetic and clinical information

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    _Background:_ The extent to which common genetic variation can assist in breast cancer (BCa) risk assessment is unclear. We assessed the addition of risk information from a panel of BCa-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on risk stratification offered by the Gail Model.

_Methods:_ We selected 7 validated SNPs from the literature and genotyped them among white women in a nested case-control study within the Women’s Health Initiative Clinical Trial. To model SNP risk, previously published odds ratios were combined multiplicatively. To produce a combined clinical/genetic risk, Gail Model risk estimates were multiplied by combined SNP odds ratios. We assessed classification performance using reclassification tables and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. 

_Results:_ The SNP risk score was well calibrated and nearly independent of Gail risk, and the combined predictor was more predictive than either Gail risk or SNP risk alone. In ROC curve analysis, the combined score had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.594 compared to 0.557 for Gail risk alone. For reclassification with 5-year risk thresholds at 1.5% and 2%, the net reclassification index (NRI) was 0.085 (Z = 4.3, P = 1.0×10^-5^). Focusing on women with Gail 5-year risk of 1.5-2% results in an NRI of 0.195 (Z = 3.8, P = 8.6×10^−5^).

_Conclusions:_ Combining clinical risk factors and validated common genetic risk factors results in improvement in classification of BCa risks in white, postmenopausal women. This may have implications for informing primary prevention and/or screening strategies. Future research should assess the clinical utility of such strategies.
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    Celui qui sut toucher mon coeur [first line]

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    theme and variationpiano and voiceDediees Mme. Beylard par P. Gilles.Johns Hopkins University, Levy Sheet Music Collection, Box 113, Item 034aParoles de Dubois. Musique de Mme. Gail. Avec Variations pour la Voic, Suivies d'une Ritournelle

    Celui qui sut toucher mon coeur [first line]

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    theme and variationpiano and voiceDediees Mme. Beylard par P. Gilles.Johns Hopkins University, Levy Sheet Music Collection, Box 113, Item 034aParoles de Dubois. Musique de Mme. Gail. Avec Variations pour la Voic, Suivies d'une Ritournelle

    Gail Buckley: Black America at War: From George Washington to George Bush

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    Gail Buckley is a best-selling author and historian. Her first book, The Hornes: An American Family, is an inspired history of Buckley’s mother, musical legend Lena Horne, and her family. Buckley traces the Hornes’ roots from the post-Civil War Reconstruction era up to the present day, writing with great insight about a family with ties to every major event in the United States during the past 150 years. Buckley is a chronicler of “undiscovered American history – the people and events that are left out of the textbooks.” Buckley’s new book, The Black Calhouns (released February 2016), follows her family history from the Civil War to Civil Rights, starting with her great-great grandfather Moses Calhoun, a slave-turned-businessman

    The impact of national systems of innovation on therapeutic cloning: A comparison between the UK and China in the clinical area of diabetes

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    Since the discovery of genetic inheritance by Mendel (1890) and the identified role of DNA in cell division (Crick/Watson 1950), scientists have worked to advance stem cell technologies to treat and cure human disease. The broad techniques of therapeutic cloning are gene therapy, stem cells growth and pharmacogenetics together constitute a complex and demanding science. Each involves the alternating and growth of new cells including the use of human embryos undifferentiated cells and a potential to grow into any organ and tissue type. This work explores the national context in which stem cell science is advancing in a case study between the UK and China using National Systems of Innovation (NSI) as a theoretical structure. NSI is defined by the literature, which includes economic performance, political and legislative structure, research investment, and societal values (Freeman 1997; Fagerberg 2004). Using ethnographic and statistical analysis, it compares the effect each National System of Innovation is having on the advance of therapeutic cloning. Diabetes is chosen as the clinical model because of its global prevalence, affecting over 200m people (BHF 2004) and accounting for 9% of mortality (WHO 2002). and the prediction that it will become the world's most major non- communicable cause of death by 2025 (Atlas 2004).During this study, China experienced unprecedented economic growth underpinned by strong research investment, which is now three times the size of that in the UK (Wilsden 2006). It has a permissive social culture for stem cell research (Mann 2003), having adapted much of the European legislation (Salter 2007) with much of its research led by doctors, enabling a quicker advance of stem cell therapies to the clinic (Prescott). The UK is, in comparison, a global leader in stem cell science, having a prestigious record of achievements including the final mapping of the human genome (Goodfellow 2001), the cloning of Dolly the Sheep (PHGU 2002), and being first to legislate for such embryo research (HFA 1990). The UK's economic performance is also strong during this study, but well behind that of China, and neither does it enjoy the relaxed ethical stance of the Chinese structure. This is evidenced in its research investment, which has fallen as a proportion of GDP from 2.24 in 1990 to 1.78 in 2005 (National Statistics 2007), whereas China has increased from 0.7 to 1.31 (Wilsdon 2006).There is evidence in the literature of the importance of innovation to economic growth (OECDa 2004) and the relationship of this to GDP performance. This research explores the impact the National System of Innovation is having on the advance of stem cell research in the UK and China, using diabetes as a clinical model
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