2,182 research outputs found
Sunitinib treatment exacerbates intratumoral heterogeneity in metastatic renal cancer
No full textThis work was supported by the Chief Scientist Office, Scotland (ETM37; to G.D. Stewart, A.C.P. Riddick, M. Aitchison, and D.J. Harrison), Cancer Research UK (Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre; to T. Powles, London and D.J. Harrison, Edinburgh), Medical Research Council (to A. Laird and D.J. Harrison), Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh (to A. Laird), Melville Trust (to A. Laird), Medical Research Council (MC_UU_12018/25; to I.M. Overton), Royal Society of Edinburgh Scottish Government Fellowship cofunded by Marie Curie Actions (to I.M. Overton), Renal Cancer Research Fund (to G.D. Stewart), Kidney Cancer Scotland (to G.D. Stewart) and an educational grant from Pfizer (to T. Powles).Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of VEGF targeted therapy (sunitinib) on molecular intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) in metastatic clear cell renal cancer (mccRCC). Experimental design: Multiple tumor samples (n=187 samples) were taken from the primary renal tumors of mccRCC patients who were sunitinib treated (n=23, SuMR clinical trial) or untreated (n=23, SCOTRRCC study). ITH of pathological grade, DNA (aCGH), mRNA (Illumina Beadarray) and candidate proteins (reverse phase protein array) were evaluated using unsupervised and supervised analyses (driver mutations, hypoxia and stromal related genes). ITH was analysed using intratumoral protein variance distributions and distribution of individual patient aCGH and gene expression clustering. Results: Tumor grade heterogeneity was greater in treated compared to untreated tumors (P=0.002). In unsupervised analysis, sunitinib therapy was not associated with increased ITH in DNA or mRNA. However, there was an increase in ITH for the driver mutation gene signature (DNA and mRNA) as well as increasing variability of protein expression with treatment (p<0.05). Despite this variability, significant chromosomal and transcript changes to key targets of sunitinib, such as VHL, PBRM1 and CAIX, occurred in the treated samples. Conclusions: These findings suggest that sunitinib treatment has significant effects on the expression and ITH of key tumor and treatment specific genes/proteins in mccRCC. The results, based on primary tumor analysis, do not support the hypothesis that resistant clones are selected and predominate following targeted therapy.Peer reviewe
Studies on type material from Kützing's diatom collection IV: The basionym, author and type of Tetracyclus rupestre
No full textWilliams, David M., Spaulding, Sarah A., Bishop, Ian (2021): Studies on type material from Kützing's diatom collection IV: The basionym, author and type of Tetracyclus rupestre. Phytotaxa 498 (1): 44-50, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.498.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.498.1.
Dual VP Classes
No full textWe consider the complexity class ACC1 and related families of arithmetic circuits. We prove a variety of collapse results, showing several settings in which no loss of computational power results if fan-in of gates is severely restricted, as well as presenting a natural class of arithmetic circuits in which no expressive power is lost by severely restricting the algebraic degree of the circuits. We draw attention to the strong connections that exist between ACC1 and VP, via connections to the classes CC1[m] for various m. These results tend to support a conjecture regarding the computational power of the complexity class VP over finite algebras, and they also highlight the significance of a class of arithmetic circuits that is in some sense dual to VP. In particular, these dual-VP classes provide new characterizations of ACC1 and TC1 in terms of circuits of semiunbounded fan-in. As a corollary, we show that ACCi = CCi for all i 1.The earlier conference paper version of this article is available from the publisher at http://link.springer.com/book/10.1007%2F978-3-662-48054-0 and also from the Rutgers institutional repository: http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.7282/T3KK9DN4.Peer reviewe
FIGURE 21 in Studies on type material from Kützing's diatom collection IV: The basionym, author and type of Tetracyclus rupestre
No full textFIGURE 21. Packet in BM labelled "[34] Gomphogramma rupestre mihi et […] Höllenthal, Sept. 1847 A. Braun [Kützing] 876".Published as part of Williams, David M., Spaulding, Sarah A. & Bishop, Ian, 2021, Studies on type material from Kützing's diatom collection IV: The basionym, author and type of Tetracyclus rupestre, pp. 44-50 in Phytotaxa 498 (1) on page 48, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.498.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/542418
FIGURE 20 in Studies on type material from Kützing's diatom collection IV: The basionym, author and type of Tetracyclus rupestre
No full textFIGURE 20. Packet in BM labelled "[34] Gomphogramma rupestre A. Braun nov. gen. Diatomacearum". Packet annotated in an additional hand at top with Denticula thermalis β [var.] ('rupestris') rupestre.Published as part of Williams, David M., Spaulding, Sarah A. & Bishop, Ian, 2021, Studies on type material from Kützing's diatom collection IV: The basionym, author and type of Tetracyclus rupestre, pp. 44-50 in Phytotaxa 498 (1) on page 48, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.498.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/542418
James Bond: international man of gastronomy
No full textThis article is concerned with the representation of food and drink in Ian Fleming’s James Bond novels. In particular, it examines how the author uses Bond’s culinary knowledge and habits of consumption as an important constituent of his hero’s character. Similarly, the food choices of other characters, notably villains, are shown to be linked, by Fleming, to core aspects of their identity − principally their ethnicity. Bond’s impulse to observe and classify, very much in evidence in the novels’ food sequences, is examined in terms of the texts’ construction of Bond as a skilled identifier of signs
FIGURES 18–19 in Studies on type material from Kützing's diatom collection IV: The basionym, author and type of Tetracyclus rupestre
No full textFIGURES 18–19. Packet of material for "Gomphogramma rupestre", accompanied with a drawing (Figure 17 from BM; Figure 18 from PC, TA 58055!, the adjacent packet is probably from Braun).Published as part of Williams, David M., Spaulding, Sarah A. & Bishop, Ian, 2021, Studies on type material from Kützing's diatom collection IV: The basionym, author and type of Tetracyclus rupestre, pp. 44-50 in Phytotaxa 498 (1) on page 48, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.498.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/542418
Transforming Power Relationships: Leadership, Risk, and Hope. IHS Political Science Series No. 135, May 2013
Full text linkChronic communal conflicts resemble the prisoner’s dilemma. Both communities prefer peace to war. But neither trusts the other, viewing the other’s gain as its own loss, so
potentially shared interests often go unrealized.
Achieving positive-sum outcomes from apparently zero-sum struggles requires a kind of riskembracing leadership. To succeed leaders must: a) see power relations as potentially
positive-sum; b) strengthen negotiating adversaries instead of weakening them; and c) demonstrate hope for a positive future and take great personal risks to achieve it.
Such leadership is exemplified by Nelson Mandela and F.W. de Klerk in the South African democratic transition. To illuminate the strategic dilemmas Mandela and de Klerk faced, we examine the work of Robert Axelrod, Thomas Schelling, and Josep Colomer, who highlight important dimensions of the problem but underplay the role of risk-embracing leadership. Finally we discuss leadership successes and failures in the Northern Ireland settlement and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict
2021 Oregon seismic hazard database: purpose and methods
No full textReport. 2021 Oregon seismic hazard database : purpose and methods -- Plate 1. Perceived shaking and damage potential, probabilistic earthquake model -- Plate 2. Perceived shaking and damage potential, Cascadia subduction earthquake model -- Plate 3. Probability of damaging shaking.by Ian P. Madin, Jon J. Francyzk, John M. Bauer, and Carlie J.M. Azzopardi.Title from PDF cover (viewed on June 24, 2021).This archived document is maintained by the State Library of Oregon as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.Includes bibliographical references (pages 44-47).Mode of access: Internet from the Oregon Government Publications Collection.Text in English
- …
