1,365 research outputs found
Mellin-Transform-Based Performance Analysis of FFH -ary FSK Using Product Combining for Combatting Partial-Band Noise Jamming
No full textOcular biometric changes after Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation
No full textPurpose: To investigate the ocular biometric changes after uneventful Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation. Methods: Patients with refractory glaucoma who were candidate for Ahmed valve surgery were prospectively included in this study. Patients with a history of any kinds of corneal surgery were excluded. Refractive status, intraocular pressure, axial length, anterior chamber parameters including anterior and posterior mean keratometry, central corneal thicknesses, and anterior chamber depth, anterior chamber volume, and anterior chamber angle were evaluated at baseline and 1 and 3 months after surgery. Results: A total of 20 eyes from 20 patients were included. Mean intraocular pressure at baseline was 33.4 ± 12.3 mm Hg that significantly decreased to 14.6 ± 6.2 mm Hg at 1 month and 13.5 ± 4.3 mm Hg at 3 months after Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation (p 0.05 in all). Conclusion: Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation had a significant effect on axial length at 3 months after surgery but its effect on keratometry and other anterior chamber parameters was not significant. © The Author(s) 2019
Value proposition analysis for solid state lighting: A case study of Ahmedali Ahmed Electrical Contracting; Marketing the product in the Kingdom of Bahrain
Get PDFThe proposition given to a product or service in terms of its worth given by a customer is researched and analysed to find the underlying factors contributing to the value. The study is undertaken to investigate the different factors that lays ground for increased ‘Customer value’ and ‘Product Value’. The research objective is to find the “Value Proposition Analysis for Solid State Lighting: a Case Study AhmedAli Ahmed Electrical Contracting; Marketing the product in the Kingdom of Bahrain” Most businesses generate profits, when the customers give a certain value(s) to the service/product provided by the business entity. This could involve many attributes to consider. The project overlooks in to this value significantly to understand the attributes that collectively contributes to ‘Valued Relation’ between the customer and the business. This is achieved by making effective use of literature suggested by various authors and by employing research strategies to validate the literature through the findings. The research also looks in to the case study organisation to fully understand the capabilities of the company to market the product. Thus, this analysis will be specifically looking in to the value proposition given to Solid State Lighting by the current UK customers and by clients of AhamedAli Ahmed Electrical Contracting, Kingdom of Bahrain. However, this analysis must viewed critically, as the product comes at a premium price and the study will be much centred in the Kingdom of Bahrain and cannot be generalised for the other GCC countries or the Middle East. This study is focused to generate strategies in marketing Solid State Lighting in Bahrain taking A.A.E as the Case Study Organisation understanding the Value Proposition for Solid State Lighting
Investigation of minimum fragment requirement for mimicking n-cadherin mediated adhesion
Get PDFCadherins are transmembrane glycoproteins that are involved in maintaining integrity of cell junctions, morphogenesis, cell sorting and many more important biological processes. In my thesis, I have focused on studying the binding affinity of a class of cadherin superfamily called N-cadherins. Prior studies have demonstrated that N-cadherins can promote neuronal growth and axonal regeneration in vitro. Moreover, there is a growing interest in development of small molecules targeting N-cadherins and designing of therapeutic agents to promote cell survival and axonal regeneration as well as inhibit cadherin mediated signaling. For in vitro studies, knowing the minimum fragments of adhesive binding domain i.e. extracellular domains that can recapitulate the wild type N-cadherin binding functions can help develop designing of biomaterials and platforms to study N-cadherin interactions. Two dimensional affinity measurements reveal probability of stable bond formation during homophilic and/or heterophilic interactions between cadherins via extracellular domains. In order to determine the minimum fragment of the extracellular domain required for binding to mimic full length cadherin and wild type cadherins expressed on cell surfaces, Micropipette Aspiration Assay (MPA) was performed. Using N-cadherin as a model for classical cadherins, the binding affinity of full length N-cadherin (N-cad EC1-5) expressed on a test cell surface (here, mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) with the first two extracellular domains (N-cad EC1-2) and the binding pocket sequence HAVDI peptide and full length N-cadherin (N-cad EC 1-5) were measured by this assay. The first chapter of my thesis, I talked about the structural differences of most studied cadherins E and N-cadherins and briefly described the importance of the flanking amino acid of binding pocket sequence HAVDI in N-cadherins. In the following chapter, I describe the experimental approach for determining the binding affinities of N-cadherin fragments and compared the 2D binding affinity results with that of the full length wild type N-cadherin expressed on MSCs. Surprisingly, the results of the study revealed that there is no significantly difference in binding affinity between N-cad EC1-2 and N-cad EC1-5 as well as HAVDI and N-cad EC1-5. The MPA studies were conducted with both wild type MSCs expressing N-cad EC1-5 as well as RBCs modified with N-cad EC1-5. However, there is a lower binding affinity between E-cadherin and HAVDI than that between N-cadherin and HAVDI. These results demonstrate the importance of the flanking amino acids next to HAV sequence in cadherin specificity as well as the possible application of small peptide sequence HAVDI as a novel antagonist in processes involving N-cadherin mediated adhesion.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2020-12-01The student, Syeda Tajin Ahmed, accepted the attached license on 2018-12-10 at 21:09.The student, Syeda Tajin Ahmed, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2018-12-10 at 23:09.This Thesis was approved for publication on 2018-12-13 at 17:32.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #13282 on 2019-02-07 at 14:23:22Made available in DSpace on 2019-02-07T20:44:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Maximum power point tracking under realistic operating conditions
No full textThe process of tracking the Maximum Power Point (MPP), known as MPPT, becomes problematic under realistic operating conditions due to the potential for there to be more than one local maxima. A very detailed physics based model has been developed for a PV module (in this application a PV roof tile) using the Orcad platform for PSpice. This model is unusual in that it properly represents partial module shading and cell temperature variation. The PV roof tile, based on polycrystalline silicon cells, comprises 18 series-connected cells. In the model, each cell is represented by a standard two-diode sub-model, for which different levels of radiation and cell temperature can be simulated to obtain a realistic overall I-V characteristic for the module. The model can be extended to model any reasonable number of PV roof tiles wired in series and parallel to form a roof array. The IV characteristics calculated in this way using PSpice will be validated using an outdoor PV roof test system located at the University of Strathclyde, Glasgow
A Study on the works of Gelibolulu Ahmed Bican
Get PDFBu tezin, veri tabanı üzerinden yayınlanma izni bulunmamaktadır. Yayınlanma izni olmayan tezlerin basılı kopyalarına Üniversite kütüphaneniz aracılığıyla (TÜBESS üzerinden) erişebilirsiniz.Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Türk Halk Edebiyatı Ana Bilim DalıÖZET Bu çalışma, "Gelibolulu Ahmed Bîcan'ın Eserleri Özerine Bir İnceleme" başhğım taşımakta olup Ahmed Bîcan'ın hayatını ve eserlerinin tümünü birlikte inceleyen ilk çalışmadır. Ahmed Bîcan 15'nci yüzyılda H.Murad ve n. Mehmed dönemlerinde Gelibolu'da yaşamıştır. Babası Yazıcı Salih, "Şemsiyye" adlı Türkçe bir astroloji kitabının da yazarı olan bir devlet memurudur. Tarihi belgeler, ailenin kökeninin Ankara'ya uzandığı ve oradan göçmen olarak Gelibolu'ya yerleştirildiğini göstermektedir. Ahmed Bîcan'ın ağabeyi Yazıcıoğlu Mehmed de döneminin önemli yazarlarındandır. Her iki kardeş, önce muhtemelen ilk tahsillerini babalarından almış ve Hacı Bayram Veli'nin başında bulunduğu "Bayramiyye'' tarikatına intisap etmişlerdir. O dönemde Osmanlı devleti Türkçe'nin ilim dili haline getirilmesi yolunda bir politika izlemektedir. Birçok diğer tarikatler gibi, Bayramiyye tarikatı da bu politikayı desteklemektedir. Bu istikamette Ahmed Bîcan, başta ağabeyi Yazıcıoğlı Mehmed'in Arapça yazdığı kitaplar olmak üzere, birçok eseri Türk diline kazandırmıştır. Ahmed Bîcan, Bayramiyye tarikatının insan yetiştirme politikası istikametinde eserler vermiştir. İnsanın "kendini bilme"si felsefesinden yola çıkarak eserlerinde bütün edebî anlatım tekniklerini kullanmıştır. Dinî ve tasavvufi eserler yanında, ansiklopedik bilgiler içeren ve zamanının halk inançlarını yansıtan eserler de yazmıştır. Ahmed Bîcan'ın manzum biçimde yazıtaiiş"Gevahirname''adlı eserinden başka, nesir türünde yazılmış "Envârü'l-Âşıkîn'', "Acaibü'l-Mahlûkât", "Dürr-i Meknûn", "Münteha", "Şemayye" ve "Rnhü'l-Ervah" adlı eserleri de bulunmaktadır. Envârü'l-Âşıkîn adlı dini konulan ele alan kitabı, asırlar boyu okunan ve yurt dışında bile birçok yazma nüshaları touunanbkeserdk. Dürr-iMeknunveAcaibü'l- Mahlûkât adh eserierinin de, hem Töridye ve hem de yurt (hşmda birç^ nüshası bulunmaktadır. Ahmed Bîcan'ın eserierinin çok rağbet görmesinin sebebi, sadece dil ve üslûp özelliklerinden değil, aynı zamanda çağının dini-tasavvufl yapısını geniş bir perspektifle incelemesinden kaynaklanmaktadır. Bundan dolayı yazaı ve eserleri, sadece edebiyatın çalışma alam ile sınırlı olmayıp inşam ve toplumu konu alan mğer talimlerin de ügialanlannaginnektedir. Bunun için yazan ve eserlerini tahlil eden hıı çalışma, o yfl7yılm snsyo-kfllffırel yapısının kavranmasına ria nlanak sağlayacaktırABSTRACT In this dissertation, the life and works of 'Gelibolulu Ahmed Biran' have been thoroughly investigated. At first time, his life and complete works have been studied simultaneously. Ahmed Bican lived in Gallipoli in 15* century during the reign of Murad H and Muhammad II. His father 'Yazacı Salih'_ a state servant in the city_ was also the author of the first astrology book appeared in Turkish language. In historical documents, the origin of the family is attributed to Ankara and they are considered as immigrants settled in Gallipoli afterwards. Ahmed Bican's brother- ' Yazıcıoğlu Mehmed'- was also a prominent figure of his time. Both of them were firstly educated most probably by their father and also followed the mystical doctrine of 'Hacı Bayram Veli' (Bayramiyye) in terms of religious and spiritual life. At that time Ottoman state had been pursuing a serious policy imposing the dominance and superiority of the Turkish language in scientific studies. The sect of 'Bayramiyye' - a crucial social network of the era - was also a leading supporter of the policy. In this sense, Ahmed Bican translated several classical works into the Turkish language. Bican internalized the 'Bayrarnrnrye' thought aiming to have the 'ideal human being' and his works were exposed under the strong influence of this target He had empolyed different techniques of narrative based on the philosophy "knowing of yourself '. Beside the religious and mystical books he also offered some works concerning encyclopedial knowledge. Ahmed Bican's works 'Envar'fll-Aşıkm', 'Acaibü'l- Mahlukat', 'Dürr-i Metanın', 'Mönteha', 'Şemsiyye', 'Ruhü'l-Ervah' were written in prosaic style whereas only his 'Cevahirname' is a versestyle work. These works can be classified as original work, translation and conversion into the prosaic style. 'Envarü'1-Aşıkm' has been one of the most famous religious books for centuries and there are huge amounts of written or published copies of it Also in Turkey and abroad, there are several written copies of 'Dürr-i Meknun' and 'Acaibü'l- Mahlukat'. The works of Ahmed Bican are of crucial importance not only in the sense of his narrative ^Jyle but also they scrutinize the religious-mystical structure of the era in a broader perspective. Therefore not only literature-as a field of study- but also other humanities and social sciences can deal with his work.. Thus this study about the author and his work would enable to comprehend the socio- cultural environment of the century
Corrigendum to "Investigations into structure-property relationships of novel Ru(II) dyes with N,N'-Diethyl group in ancillary ligand for dye-sensitized solar cells" [Dyes Pigments 171(2019) 107754-107762](S0143720819314639)(10.1016/j.dyepig.2019.107754)
No full textThe authors regret the typos in the author names and affiliations. The authors would like to apologize for any inconvenience caused. Correction: The correct author names and affiliations should read as follows: Saba Ashrafa,b,d, Rui Sud, Javeed Akhtarc, Humaira M. Siddiqib, Ahmed Shujae, Khalid Al-Saadf, Siham Y. Al-Qaradawif, Ahmed El-Shafeid*[email protected] aSulaiman Bin Abdullah Aba Al-Khail - Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Science (SA-CIRBS), International Islamic University, Sector H-10, Islamabad, Pakistan bDepartment of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan cMaterials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mirpur, 10250, AK, Pakistan dPolymer and Color Chemistry Program & Fiber and Polymer Science Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA eCentre for Advanced Electronics and Photovoltaic Engineering (CAEPE), International Islamic University, Sector H-10, Islamabad, Pakistan fDepartment of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, QatarScopu
Investigations about evaluation of nutritional and physiological effects of differently treated soybeans in chicken diets
No full textZiel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, den Einfluss von unterschiedlich behandelten Sojabohnen in einer Broilerration (Mais und behandeltes Soja) auf die ernährungsphysiologischen Parameter beim wachsenden Küken zu prüfen. Unter Berücksichtigung der Einflussgrößen (z. B. Zeit, mechanischer Energieeinsatz und Futterstruktur), die die Effektivität der Futterbearbeitungsverfahren beeinflussen, wurde zunächst die Behandlung einer einheitlichen Charge von Vollfettsojabohnen unter folgenden technische Bedingungen vorgenommen: A: Walzenstuhl (WS) + Konditionierung (40 min./100 °C, Standardverfahren); B: WS + Konditionierung (40 min./100 °C) + Flockierung; C: WS + Konditionierung (10 min./100 °C); D: WS + Konditionierung (10 min. /100 °C) + Expandieren (20 kWh/t); E: Hammermühle (HM) + Konditionierung (10 min./100 °C) + Extrusion (15 kWh/t); F: HM + Konditionierung (10 min./100 °C), G: HM + Konditionierung (10 min./100 °C) + Expandieren (20 kWh/t); H: HM + Expandieren (20 kWh/t); I: HM + Expandieren (20 kWh/t) mit Dampfzufuhr; K: HM + Expandieren (40 kWh/t). Mit 6 ´ 10 männlichen Broilern der Herkunft Cobb wurde im Zeitraum vom 7. - 28. Lebenstag (LT) je Behandlung ein Wachstumsversuch durchgeführt. Während des Wachstumsversuchs wurden Daten zum Futterverzehr, Lebendmassezuwachs und Futteraufwand sowie Energie- und Proteinansatz über Körperanalyse erfaßt. Die ileale Aminosäureverdaulichkeit der einzelnen Mischungen wurde in jeweils 4 gepoolten Chymusproben (9 Tiere / gepoolte Probe) mit Hilfe eines Indikators (HCl-unlösliche Rohasche, Zusatz von 1 % Celite) nach Verfütterung vom 21. - 28. LT bestimmt. Parallel zum Wachstumsversuch wurde ein Stoffwechselversuch (6 männliche Küken der Herkunft Cobb je Behandlungsstufe) im Zeitraum vom 15. - 21. LT bei Fütterung der Versuchsmischung durchgeführt. Dabei erfolgte 3-mal täglich eine quantitative Exkrementsammlung. Neben der N- Bestimmung in den Exkrementen der Basis für die N-Bilanzmessung wurde der Bruttoenergiegehalt erfaßt und auf dieser Grundlage der Gehalt an N-korrigierter umsetzbarer Energie (MEn) in den Futtermischungen bestimmt. Weiterhin wurde aus den Daten der Bilanzmessungen der physiologische Nutzwert (PNu) als Kriterium der Proteinqualitätsbeurteilung sowie die Lysinwirksamkeit abgeleitet. Am Ende des Stoffwechselversuchs wurden die Tiere geschlachtet und die Trypsinaktivität im Chymus des Jejunums bestimmt. Die Ergebnisse lassen sich folgendermaßen zusammenfassen: 1. In Abhängigkeit von den gegebenen Bedingungen der Futterbehandlungsverfahren konnten unterschiedliche Trypsininhibitoraktivitäten (TIA) in den behandelten Sojabohnen erzielt werden. Eine starke Reduzierung des TIA war insbesondere bei den behandelten Sojabohnen A bis G erkennbar. Die relative Restaktivität lag bei diesen Gruppen (im Vergleich zur rohen Sojabohne) bei 16-27 %. Im Gegensatz dazu wurde eine höhere relative Restaktivität in den behandelten Sojabohnen H, I und K in Höhe von 75 %, 32 % und 48 % festgestellt . 2. Die Futteraufnahme, Lebendmassezunahme und Futterverwertung waren bei der Gruppe H infolge der höchsten Restaktivität des Trypsininhibitors signifikant niedriger als bei der Kontrolle A und anderen Gruppen (B, C, D, E, F, G, I und K). Analog dazu führte die höchste TIA in den Sojabohnen H ebenfalls zu einem signifikant verminderten Nährstoffansatz im Ganzkörper. Der Einfluss der höchsten Restaktivität des Trypsininhibitors auf den PNu war bei Gruppe H wenig ausgeprägt. 3. Die N-korrigierte umsetzbare Energie in den Futtermischungen B (14,87 MJ /kg T) und F (14,70 MJ /kg T) war signifikant höher als bei der Kontrolle A (13,96 MJ /kg). Der Grund für die Steigerung der N-korrigierten umsetzbaren Energie bei B und F kann dabei in der möglichen Verbesserung der Energieverfügbarkeit durch die Behandlungsverfahren Flockierung und Expander liegen. 4. Aufgrund der höchsten Restaktivität des Trypsininhibitors wurde bei der Gruppe H eine verminderte ileale Aminosäure- und Stickstoffverdaulichkeit im Vergleich zu Kontrolle A und den anderen Gruppen (B, C, D un E) festgestellt. Durch zusätzliche Dampfzufuhr und Erhöhung des Energieeintrages in den Gruppen I bzw. K konnten die antinutritiven Faktoren in den Sojabohnen reduziert werden und demzufolge die ileale Aminosäure- und Stickstoffverdaulichkeit bei den Gruppen I und K gegenüber der Gruppe H signifikant verbessert werden. Obwohl bei der Gruppe H die ileale Lysinverdaulichkeit gegenüber der Kontrolle A signifikant niedriger lag, wurde in Bezug auf die Lysinwirksamkeit kein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen den Gruppen H und der Kontrolle A festgestellt. 5. Die Trypsinaktivität im Chymus wurde auch in Abhängigkeit von der Restaktivität des Trypsininhibitors in den Sojabohnen unterschiedlich beeinflusst. Eine signifikant verminderte Trypsinaktivität im Chymus war insbesondere bei den Gruppen H sowie K feststellbar.The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of differently treated soybeans on nutrition-physiological parameters in diets (Corn and differently treated soybean) for growing chicken. Considering the factors which influence the effectivity of the treatment process on feed value such as time, mechanical energy and feed structure, one batch of full fat soybean was treated in this present investigation under the following technical conditions: A: Roller mill (RM) + Conditioning (40 min.); B: RM + Conditioning (40 min.) + flaking; C: RM + Conditioning (10 min.); D: RM + Conditioning (10 min.) + Expander (20 kWh/t); E: Hammer mill (HM) + Conditioning (10 min.) + Extruder; F: HM + Conditioning (10 min.); G: HM + Conditioning (10 min.) + Expander (20 kWh/t); H: HM + Expander (20 kWh/t); I: HM + Expander (15 kWh/t) + Steam; K: HM + Expander (40 kWh/t). In a growth trial (day 7-28) with male chickens (genotype Cobb) daily feed intake, average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), energy and protein depositions (PD) were examined. After feeding the animals with experimental diets from day 21 to 28, the apparent ileal amino acid digestibility of some amino acids in the diets was determined in 4 pooled chyme samples (9 animals/pooled sample) using acid insoluble ash marker (HCl insoluble crude ash, 1 % celite added in each test diet). Further to the growth trial, a metabolism bioassay (6 male chickens genotype Cobb/treatment) was conducted from day 15 to 21 which consisted of a 6-day collection period, after a 5-day adaptation period. The excrements were collected 3 times a day. Besides the nitrogen determination in the excrements which was the basis for the N-balance measurement, the gross energy content was measured for determining the N-corrected metabolizable energy (MEn) in the feed mixture. Furthermore, the physiological protein value (PNu) as a criterion for evaluating protein quality and the lysine efficiency were derived from the data of the balance measurements. At the end of the metabolism bioassay, the animals were killed and the trypsin avtivity in the collected chyme of the jejunum was determined. The results of this experiment can be summerized as follows: 1. Depending on the given conditions of feed treatments, different trypsin inhibitor activities (TIA) could be detected in the treated soybeans. A high reduction of the TIA was found particularly in treated soybeans A, B, C, D, E, F and G. The relative remaining activity of trypsin-inhibitors in these groups varied from 16 to 27 % compared to untreated soybean. In contrast, the remaining trypsin inhibitor activity in the treated soybeans H, I and K was relatively high, resulting in a value of 75 %, 32 % and 48 % resp., compared to untreated soybean. 2. The daily feed intake , average daily gain and feed utilization of diet group H were, due to the highest activity of the trypsin inhibitor, lower than the control A and those of other diet groups (B, C, D, E, F, G and K). Similarly, the highest TIA in the soybean H led to a significantly reduced nutrient deposition. However, the influence of highest remaining activity of trypsin inhibitor in the diet H on PNu was insignificant. 3. The N-corrected metabolizable energy in the diets B (14,87 MJ/kg DM) and F (14,70 MJ/kg DM) was significantly higher than that of the control A (13,96 MJ/kg DM). The reason for an increase in metabolizable energy in the diets B and F can be due to the possible improvement of nutrient availability through flaking and expander treatments (The improvement of oil availablity as a result of damaging the cell structure of seeds could be responsible for the increasing metabolizable energy in the diets B and F). 4. Due to the relatively higher TIA, both reduced ileal apparent amino acid and nitrogen digestibility were observed in the diet H compared to control A and the other diets (B, C, D and E). However, further steam input and an additional energy supply in treated soybeans I and K resp., reduced the antinutritional factors in the soybeans.Thus significantly improving the ileal apparent amino acid and nitrogen digestibility in these groups (I und K) as compared to the group H. Despite its lower ileal apparent lysine digestibility in the diet group H compared to the control A, lysine efficiency of both groups was not significantly different. 5. Depending on the activity of the trypsin inhibitor in the treated soybeans, the trypsin activity in the chyme was influenced differently. A significantly reduced trypsin activity in the chyme was particularly observed in the diets H and K
The barrier for 1, 2-hydrogen shift in dialkyl carbenes
No full textPT: J; CR: 1987, CHEM DIAZIRINES AHMED MM, 1967, THESIS U SOUTHAMPTON ALTMANN JA, 1974, J AM CHEM SOC, V96, P4196 ALTMANN JA, 1975, J AM CHEM SOC, V97, P5217 BODAR N, 1972, J AM CHEM SOC, V94, P9103 CHURCH RFR, 1970, J ORG CHEM, V35, P2465 FRENKING G, 1984, TETRAHEDRON, V40, P2123 GRILLER D, 1983, J ORG CHEM, V48, P1359 ISAACS NS, 1987, PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHE, P602 JONES M, 1980, REACTIVE INTERMEDIAT, V2 JONES WM, 1980, REARRANGEMENTS GROUN, V1 KIRMSE W, 1971, CARBENE CHEM KYBA EP, 1977, J AM CHEM SOC, V99, P8330 LEATHARD DA, 1968, P ROY SOC LOND A MAT, V306, P553 LIU MTH, 1985, J CHEM SOC CHEM COMM, P982 LIU MTH, 1986, J PHYS CHEM-US, V90, P75 MANSOOR AM, 1966, TETRAHEDRON LETT, P1753 MOSS RA, 1978, J CHEM SOC CHEM COMM, P775 MOSS RA, 1980, ACCOUNTS CHEM RES, V13, P58 MOSS RA, 1984, TETRAHEDRON LETT, V25, P1023 NOBES RH, 1980, CHEM PHYS LETT, V74, P269 RAGHAVACHARI K, 1982, CHEM PHYS LETT, V85, P145 SCHAEFER HF, 1979, ACCOUNTS CHEM RES, V12, P288 SU DTT, 1978, J AM CHEM SOC, V100, P1872 TOMIOKA H, 1980, J AM CHEM SOC, V102, P7818; NR: 25; TC: 23; J9: TETRAHEDRON LETT; PG: 4; GA: T0716Source type: Electronic(1
The role of regulation and commitment in the development of telecommunications in Chile
Get PDFOver six decades, Chile experimented with three regulatory regimes and ownership patterns for its telecommunications sectors, each with radically different investment patterns. Until 1970, Chile relied on private ownership and rate-of-return regulation, but excess demand persisted. In the 1970s, Chile relied on public ownership of two regulated monopolies, but the sector grew even more slowly than before. After 1982, Chile deregulated some market segments, introduced benchmark regulation, and returned to private ownership. The new regulatory regime and privatization doubled the number of lines in service in only four years. The author explains investment behavior as a function of the solutions to two contracting problems: between government and the firm, and between government and interest groups. The author concludes that regulatory rules on pricing, entry, and conflict resolution mechanisms are critical for investing in such asset-specific utilities as telecommunications. More important, the outcome of regulatory reform depends on a match between reform and both the prevailing political and judicial systems and interest group politics. According to the author, Chile satisfactorily resolved the two contracting problems in the 1980's. Chile's new regulations are reasonably efficient and very specific about how tariffs are to be calculated, how entry is to be governed, and how conflicts are to be resolved. The rules are embodied in a law that is relatively difficult to change (because the judicial system is independent). The impetus for reform came from the emergency of a new private entrepreneurial class, whose growth depends on modern telecommunications services.Environmental Economics&Policies,Public Sector Economics&Finance,National Governance,ICT Policy and Strategies,Economic Theory&Research
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