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Anthophora (Micranthophora) timberlakei Orr & Pitts & Griswold 2018, SP. NOV.
No full textAnthophora (Micranthophora) timberlakei, SP. NOV. (Figs. 43B, 48B, 53B, 58B, 63B, 68B, 73B, 78B) Anthophora (Micranthophora) timberlakei (holotype: ♀; Big Dune, 1.2 km NW, Nevada, USA; coll. M.C. Orr, 29 Apr. 2013, at Chaenactis; BBSL, BBSL919549 / HOLO105). Verbatim: “ USA:NV Nye Co. Big Dune, 1.2 km NW N36.6618 W116.6086 29 Apr 2013 M.C. Orr Chaenactis sp. BBSL919549” “ HOLOTYPE Anthophora timberlakei female Orr BBSL919549.” Diagnosis. Females may be determined by the following character combination: galea shiny, with weak tessellation if any; supraclypeus immaculate; scutum shiny, with impunctate areas; basitibial plate elongate, ovular; T2–T4 with relatively broad apical appressed setal bands; and anal fimbria light, orange to light brown. Males may be determined by the following character combination: scape immaculate; scutum shiny, with impunctate areas; basitibial plate present, sometimes obscured by setae; terga moderately tessellate, with weak reflections if any; T7 with medial longitudinal carina, lateral projections sharp, and medial projections sharp but slightly less so (Fig. 63B). Male description. Head: Facial maculations pale yellow to yellow-green. Galea reaching about middle of foretrochanter in repose; amber to light brown; smooth to weakly tessellate, typically very reflective. Mandible with inferior tooth ovular to weakly triangular, running roughly parallel to main blade; maculated from base to inferior tooth start or finish (Fig. 53B). Labral rim tridentate. Clypeal maculation a band or vague trapezoid, not reaching lateral sides, almost always at most filling half of clypeal height (Fig. 53B); punctation significantly sparser within maculation than without. Paraocular area immaculate. Supraclypeal area immaculate. Scape immaculate. Mesosoma: Scutum shiny; with distinct impunctate areas. Tegula transparent, tan orangish to light brown. Basitibial plate present; though all but tip often obscured by setae. Metasoma: T1 covered in appressed setae, sometimes sparser basally; T2–T4 apical appressed setal bands thinner; T5–T6 with or without appressed setae. Terga shiny to moderately tessellate between punctures, reflections variable; often apparent through appressed setae. Tergal rims transparent, tan to light brown. Male T7 (Fig. 63B) with strong medial longitudinal carina; lateral projections strongly recurved, sharp; medial projections thin, narrowly apically pointed, though not as sharp as lateral projections. Male S5 (Figs. 38A, 38C) setal arrangement unremarkable, without large, distinctive patches, at most longer along rim. Male S6 (Fig. 38A) clearly medially emarginate. Male S7 (Fig. 68B) with setae absent or nearly so around midpoint of length; widening from midpoint to tip, apical half widest at, near rounded lateral tips; apical half heart-shaped, rim broadly emarginate between lateral tips. Male S8 (Fig. 73B) lateral projections distinct; medial projection narrowing to tip, apically emarginate. Male genital capsule (Fig. 78B) with outer corners, where gonocoxite tips curve inward, marked by low and relatively indistinct flange, best seen in profile; from corner to apex, in profile, gonocoxite with distinct secondary flange via deep and abrupt excavation in latter half; tip, in profile, pointed and weakly curved ventrally, with minor dorsal projection reduced and rounded; gonostylus tip position slightly exceeding that of gonocoxite, measured from above along primary axis of latter. Pubescence: See Fig. 58B. Appears dark gray overall. Setae generally white to off-white, except as follows: vertex usually with some dark intermixing around ocelli; scutum typically intermixed light and dark; forelegs with some dark usually; leg inner faces light orange; tergal basal zones dark. Female similar to male, except: Head: Mandible with inferior tooth ridge-like, weakly angled off main blade if at all (Fig. 43B). Labral rim rounded; fully maculated. Clypeal maculation a band, not reaching lateral sides, tallest medially where it typically fills half the clypeal height (Fig. 43B). Mesosoma: Midtibial spur apically curved; tan to orange. Basitibial plate narrowly rounded distally, unusually elongate, ovular overall (Fig. 48B). Metasoma: T1 covered in appressed setae; T2–T4 with broad apical appressed setal bands; T5 with variable appressed setae, usually extensive. T4 of moderate to broad length medially, at most nearly triangular. Anal fimbria mound-like to vaguely and broadly triangular, typically filling about third or less of T5 length medially. Pubescence: See Fig. 48B. Hindbasitarsal brush orangish to light brown; anal fimbria orangish to light brown. Distribution. See Fig. 31. Present in USA: California, Nevada, Arizona, possibly Utah, possibly New Mexico; Mexico: likely Sonora, likely Baja California Norte. Found most commonly in Mojave and Sonoran Deserts, as well as Great Basin Desert. Ecoregional habitance is as follows, based on 167 specimen records: 5 ecoregions total: Mojave Desert (116=69.4%), Sonoran Desert (36=21.7%), Great Basin shrub steppe (12=7.2%), Chihuahuan Desert (2=1.2%), Sierra Nevada forests (1≤1%). Phenology. Recorded from March–June, August, November, almost exclusively spring, most common in April–May. Univoltine, single August (Nye Co., NV) and November (Riverside Co., CA) records possibly mislabeled or opportunistic emergences. Nesting biology. This bee was seen nesting in horizontal, finely-grained soil by T. Griswold. Further details on this new record will be presented in a subsequent review of the group’s nesting biology. Floral specialization. Specialist on Asteraceae, likely more narrowly specialized on Chaenactis, given visitation records. Primary recorded visits by 39 females include: Family Asteraceae (87%), Fabaceae (10%); Genus Chaenactis (74%); Species Chaenactis carphoclinia (10%). 83 total floral records from four families include: Asteraceae (34 ♂ 34 ♀): Adenophyllum cooperi 2 ♀, Baileya multiradiata 13 ♂ 1 ♀, Baileya pleniradiata 1 ♂, Baileya sp. 1 ♀, Bebbia juncea 1 ♀, Chaenactis carphoclinia 4 ♀, Chaenactis fremontii 2 ♂ 2 ♀, Chaenactis sp. 4 ♂ 23 ♀, Encelia farinosa 7 ♂, Encelia virginensis 2 ♂, Ericameria sp. 2 ♂, Geraea canescens 1 ♂, Malacothrix glabrata 1 ♂, Palafoxia linearis 1 ♂, Boraginaceae (3 ♂): Cryptantha angustifolia 1 ♂, Heliotropium curassavicum 2 ♂, Fabaceae (6 ♂ 4 ♀): Dalea mollis 1 ♂, Dalea sp. 1 ♂, Lotus sp. 1 ♀, Parkinsonia florida 2 ♂, Psorothamnus emoryi 3 ♀, Psorothamnus sp. 2 ♂, Malvaceae (1 ♂ 1 ♀): Sphaeralcea ambigua 1 ♂, Sphaeralcea sp. 1 ♀. Etymology. This species was first considered new by P.H. Timberlake, who called it “mojavensis,” though it was never described. Given this, and Timberlake’s several contributions to Anthophora taxonomy, this species is named in his honor. Note that this species is called “ aff. estebana ” on determination labels prior to the choice of a species name. Paratypes: USA: ARIZONA: Maricopa County: Wickenburg, 4 air km WNW; Vulture Mine Rd: 1 ♀, 5 Apr 2014, M.C. Orr; CALIFORNIA: Inyo County: Eureka Valley: 2 ♂, 17 May 1995, T. L. Griswold; Inyo Mountains, E Big Pine: 1 ♂, 18 May 1995, T. L. Griswold; Keeler-Darwin: 1 ♂, 22 May 1937, E.C. VanDyke; Kramer Junction: 1 ♂, 1 May 1936, C.M. Dammers (UCRC ENT); Riverside County: Joshua Tree National Monument, 17 mi. S Squaw Tank: 1 ♂, 29 Apr 1966, E.L. Sleeper, S.L. Jenkins (CAS); San Bernardino County: S of Avawatz Mountains, Mohave Desert: 1 ♀, 30 Apr 1927, P.H. Timberlake (UCRC ENT); NEVADA: Clark County: Crystal: 1 ♂, 9 May 1961, G.E. Bohart; Nye County: Big Dune, 1.2 km NW: 3 ♀, 29 Apr 2013, M.C. Orr; Moores Creek: 1 ♀, 6 Jun 1979, R. W. Rust; Peavine Creek: 2 ♀, 6 Jun 1929, R. W. Rust; 1 ♀, 6 Jun 1979, R. W. Rust. Other specimens examined: USA: ARIZONA: Graham County: Cluff Wildlife Area: Pima, 10km SW: 2 ♀, 2–10 Apr 2015, M.E. Irwin; La Paz County: Quartzite, 11 mi S on rt 95: 1 ♀, 4 Apr 1988, K.W. Cooper; Salome, 21.7 km NE; hwy 60: 1 ♀, 4 Apr 2014, M.C. Orr; Maricopa County: Gila Bend, 18 mi S: 1 ♀, 18 Apr 1965, S.A. Gorodenski, J.M. Davidson, M.A. Cazier; Mesa, 5 mi N: 1 ♀, 16 Apr 1964, W.F. Barr; Mohave County: Kingman, 15 mi S: 1 ♂, 17 Apr 1962, G.E. Bohart; Wikieup: 1 ♂, 14 Apr 1964, R.L. Westcott; Pima County: Marana: 1 ♀, 26 Apr 1973, G.E. Bohart; Pinal County: Red Rock: 1 ♀, 19 Apr 1962, G.E. Bohart; Yuma County: Quartzite, 25 mi S: 1 ♂, 16 Apr 1965, S.A. Gorodenski, J.M. Davidson, M.A. Cazier; Quartzsite, 14 mi S: 1 ♂, 31 Mar 1968, R.M. Bohart; Vicksburg, 7 mi NW: 2 ♂, 15 Apr 1965, S.A. Gorodenski, J.M. Davidson, M.A. Cazier; Yuma, 18 mi N: 1 ♀, 17 Apr 1969, P.F. Torchio; CALIFORNIA: Imperial County: 3.4 mi SW Palo Verde: 1 ♂, 3 Apr 1960, P.H. Timberlake; Westmorland: 1 ♂ 2 ♂, 31 May 1930, P.H. Timberlake; Inyo County: DEVA; Last Chance Mountain, 10.2 air km SSE; roadside: 1 ♀, 27 Apr 2013, M.C. Orr; DEVA; Last Chance Mountain, 7.8 air km SE; roadside: 2 ♀, 27 Apr 2013, M.C. Orr; DEVA; Last Chance Mountain, 9.1 air km SE; roadside: 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 27 Apr 2013, M.C. Orr; DEVA; Shoshone, 3 air km NW; hwy 178: 1 ♀, 11 Apr 2014, M.C. Orr; Darwin Falls: 1 ♂, 9 Apr 1972, G.E. Bohart; Death Valley Junction, 10.5 km W; hwy 190: 1 ♀, 26 Apr 2013, M.C. Orr; Death Valley National Park; Emigrant Canyon; near Emigrant Springs: 1 ♀, 14 Apr 2014, T.L. Griswold; Death Valley, N end, Midway Well: 1 ♂, 24 Apr 1964, W.F. Barr; Lone Pine: 2 ♂, 24 May 1937, E.C. VanDyke; Saline Valley: 1 ♀, 18 May 1995, T.L. Griswold; Santa Rosa Hills: 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 21 May 1995, T.L. Griswold; Santa Rosa Hills; BM 5376.4, 1km NE: 1 ♂, 15 Apr 2014, T.L. Griswold; Sawtooth Peak, 4 air km NEbN: 1 ♀, 26 May 2008, T.L. Griswold; Kern County: Indian Wells, 1 Km S: 2 ♂, 19 Apr 2012, T.L. Griswold; Inyokern, 4 mi NE: 1 ♂, 24 Apr 1960, D.D. Linsdale; Mesquite Canyon, El Paso Mountains: 1 ♂, 15 Apr 1964, R.R. Snelling; Riverside County: 18 mi W Blythe [= 18.1 mi W Blythe, = 1 mi E Ford Dry Lake Road], Chuckwalla Valley: 1 ♀, 8 Apr 1963, E.I. Schlinger; 5 mi S Palm Springs: 1 ♂, 8 Jun 1930, collector unknown; Blythe, 18 mi W: 3 ♂, 2 Apr 1963, F.D. Parker; 1 ♀, 2 Apr 1963, M.E. Irwin; 1 ♀, 3 Apr 1963, F.D. Parker; 1 ♀, 3 Apr 1963, M.E. Irwin; Joshua Tree National Park; Barker Dam, 1.7 air km SE; Queen Valley: 1 ♂, 25 Mar 2016, M.C. Orr; Joshua Tree National Park; Belle Campground: 2 ♂, 21 Apr 2016, M.C. Orr; Joshua Tree National Park; Eagle Mountains HP, 6.8 air km NW: 1 ♂, 19 Apr 2016, M.C. Orr; Magnesia Spring Canyon [= Magnesia Canyon], SW Rancho Mirage, Coachella Valley: 1 ♀, 28 Jun 1952, collector unknown; Painted Canyon, (vic. parking area, 4.6 mi from jct Box Canyon Road), Mecca Hills: 2 ♂, 18 Apr 1925, P.H. Timberlake; Palm Springs, Araby Wash: 1 ♂, 1–4 May 2016, F.D. Parker, T.D. McIntyre; Whitewater (= White Water): 1 ♀, 26 Nov 1935, C.M. Dammers; San Bernardino County: 1 mi S Sunflower Spring, Old Woman Mountains: 1 ♂, 23 May 1965, R.R. Snelling; Adelanto: 1 ♂, 11 May 1979, R.M. Bohart; Big Morongo Canyon: 1 ♂, 23 Mar 1984, K.W. Cooper; Carsons Wells: 1 ♂, 4 Apr 1966, D.R. Miller; 1 ♂, 10 Apr 1966, R.M. Bohart; 1 ♂, 3 Apr 1968, R.M. Bohart; Colton Hills: 2 ♂, 17 Apr 1980, T.L. Griswold; Cottonwood Wash: 1 ♀, 10 Apr 1995, T.L. Griswold; Earp, 11 mi NE: 1 ♀, 6 May 1953, C.D. MacNeil; Kelbaker Road, 5.5 mi S Granite Pass, 20 mi S Kelso, Mojave National Preserve: 1 ♀, 30 Apr 1966, P.H. Timberlake; 3 ♀, 30 Apr 1966, collector unknown; Kelbaker Road, Granite Pass, Mojave National Preserve: 1 ♀, 27 Apr 1968, E.I. Schlinger; Kelso Dunes: 1 ♀, 13 May 1978, T.L. Griswold; Kelso Dunes, 2.6 km E mouth of Bull Canyon: 4 ♂, 4 May 2009, T.L. Griswold; Kelso Dunes, mouth of Bull Canyon: 1 ♂, 4 May 2009, T.L. Griswold; Kelso Wash: 2 ♂, 16 May 1980, T.L. Griswold; Kelso, 10 mi NE: 1 ♂, 2 May 1980, T.L. Griswold; Kelso, 5.1 mi NE: 1 ♂, 4 May 1980, T.L. Griswold; Kramer: 2 ♀, 24 May 1964, M.S. Wasbauer; Kramer Hills: 1 ♀, 3 May 1939, P.H. Timberlake; Mid Hills, 9 mi SSE Cima: 1 ♂, 26 May 1976, T.L. Griswold; Morongo [= Morongo Valley], San Bernardino Mountains: 1 ♀, 26 Apr 1957, collector unknown; 2 ♂, 12 Apr 1960, R.R. Snelling; Needles, 20 mi N: 1 ♀, 15 Mar 1972, P.F. Torchio, B. Apperson; Phelan, 5 mi N: 1 ♀, 5 May 1956, J. Powell; Providence Mountains: 1 ♀, 12 May 1978, T.L. Griswold; S of Avawatz Mountains, Mohave Desert: 1 ♂, 30 Apr 1927, P.H. Timberlake; Timico Acres: 1 ♂, 10 May 1983, K.W. Cooper; Van Winkle Wash, 5.7km SE Van Winkle Mt: 1 ♂, 25 Mar 2016, T.L. Griswold; Yermo: 1 ♀, 2 Jun 1941, E.C. VanDyke; 3 ♀, 2 Jun 1941, P.H. Timberlake; NEVADA: Clark County: 3.2 mi W McCullough Pass: 1 ♀, 9 May 2005, S.M. Higbee; 1 ♀, 10 May 2005, D. Allen; Blue Point Spr.: 1 ♀, 20 Apr 2005, R. Andrus; Corn Creek Springs, N: 1 ♀, 17 Jun 1998, M. Andres, K. Keen, K. Receveur, C. Schultz; Crystal: 2 ♀, 9 May 1961, G.E. Bohart; Eldorado Mountains, SW: 2 ♀, 9 Jun 1998, M. Andres, K. Keen; Las Vegas, 20 mi N: 1 ♂, 16 May 1993, P.F. Torchio; Mormon Mesa: 1 ♂, 6 May 1998, T.L. Griswold; Mormon Well Road: 1 ♀, 17 Jun 1998, F.D. Parker; Mud Wash: 1 ♂, 7 May 1998, T.L. Griswold; Saint Thomas Gap, 11 km N: 1 ♀, 27 Apr 1987, D.K. Broemeling; Searchlight, 5 mi N: 1 ♂, 3 May 1964, P. Torchio, G. Bohart; 1 ♀, 3 May 1964, P.F. Torchio, G.E. Bohart; Sheep Mountain, W: 7 ♂ 1 ♂, 4 May 1998, M. Andres, K. Keen; 1 ♂ 3 ♂, 4 May 1998, T.L. Griswold; 1 ♂, 8 May 1998, T.L. Griswold; Lincoln County: Alamo: 1 ♀, 25 Apr 1973, F.D. Parker; 1 ♀, 28 Apr 1973, F.D. Parker, P.F. Torchio; Mineral County: Mina, 8 mi S Jct Hwy 95 & 306: 1 ♀, 17 Jun–21 Jul 1988, J.L. Carpenter; Nye County: Ash Meadows NWR, Creosote dune, BT: 1 ♂, 18 Apr 2009, N. Boehme; Ash Meadows NWR, Non-dune tree & grass site, N Devils Hole Rd., BT: 1 ♀, 14 May 2009, N. Boehme; Ash Meadows NWR, School Spring dunes, Pitfall 38J: 2 ♀, 13 May 2009, N. Boehme; Ash Meadows NWR, School Springs dune, BT: 1 ♂, 17 Apr 2009, N. Boehme; Ash Meadows NWR, Site A, BT: 1 ♂, 17 Apr 2009, N. Boehme; Crystal, near: 1 ♀, 9 May 1961, G.E. Bohart; Moores Creek: 1 ♀, 6 Jun 1979, R.W. Rust; Peavine Creek: 1 ♀, 6 Jun 1929, R.W. Rust; Tonopah, 5 mi E: 1 ♂, 31 Aug 1968, D.R. Miller, J.E. Lauck; Pershing County: Lovelock, 8 mi S: 1 ♂, 30 May 1958, T.R. Haig.Published as part of Orr, Michael C., Pitts, James P. & Griswold, Terry, 2018, Revision of the bee group Anthophora (Micranthophora) (Hymenoptera: Apidae), with notes on potential conservation concerns and a molecular phylogeny of the genus, pp. 1-193 in Zootaxa 4511 (1) on pages 130-132, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4511.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/377097
G2 & G1 plants species of SW Colorado
No full textPresented at the 16th symposium held on September 27, 2019 in Grand Junction, Colorado.2019 G2 species of SW Colorado -- 2019 G1 species of SW Colorado
Anthophora (Micranthophora) parkeri Orr & Pitts & Griswold 2018, SP. NOV.
No full textAnthophora (Micranthophora) parkeri, SP. NOV. (Figs. 41E, 46E, 51E, 56E, 61E, 66E, 71E, 76E) Anthophora (Micranthophora) parkeri (holotype: ♂; Corn Springs Campground, 0.4 km ESE, Corn Springs Wash, California, USA; coll. M.C. Orr, 9 Apr. 2014, at Bebbia juncea; BBSL, BBSL920050 / HOLO106). Verbatim: “ USA:CA Riverside Co. Corn Springs Campground, 0.4 km ESE; Corn Springs Wash N33.6244 W115.3216 9 Apr 2014 M.C. Orr Bebbia juncea BBSL920050” “ HOLOTYPE Anthophora parkeri male Orr BBSL920050.” Diagnosis. Males may be determined by the following character combination: scutum shiny, with impunctate areas; basitibial plate present; T5–T6 lacking appressed setae; and T7 with strong medial longitudinal carina, lateral projections short and blunted, and medial projections broadly separated and narrowly rounded at apices (Fig. 61E). Females may be determined by the following character combination: facial maculations yellow; clypeal maculation an inverted-T that narrows gradually from rim to top of clypeus, almost triangular in shape (Fig. 41E); supraclypeal maculation almost always present, but form highly variable; scape immaculate; scutum shiny, with impunctate areas; T1–T5 covered with appressed setae; and anal fimbria light, tan to orangish. Male description. Head: Facial maculations pale yellow. Galea reaching past rear of foretrochanter in repose; amber to light brown; weakly tessellate, with clear reflections. Mandible with inferior tooth ovular to weakly triangular, running roughly parallel to main blade; maculated from base to about middle of inferior tooth (Fig. 51E). Labral rim tridentate; fully maculated. Clypeal maculation a band, rarely reaching lateral sides, quite variably filling half or less of clypeal height medially (Fig. 51E); punctation only slightly sparser within maculation than without. Paraocular area almost always immaculate; slight mark if present. Supraclypeal area usually immaculate; at most with very minute maculation. Scape almost always maculated; quite variable in extent. Mesosoma: Scutum shiny; with distinct impunctate areas. Tegula transparent, clear to yellow-orange. Basitibial plate present; distinct. Metasoma: T1–T4 covered in appressed setae, uncommonly absent in narrow basal zones; T5–T6 without appressed setae. Terga moderately to weakly tessellate, often with some weak reflections; only sometimes apparent through appressed setae. Tergal rims relatively transparent, tan to light brown. Male T7 (Fig. 61E) with strong medial longitudinal carina, unobscured; lateral projections weakly recurved, blunt flanges; medial projections long, somewhat truncated apically. Male S5 (Figs. 38A, 38C) setal arrangement unremarkable, without large, distinctive patches, at most longer along rim. Male S6 (Fig. 38A) clearly medially emarginate. Male S7 (Fig. 66E) with setae fully banding S7 around midpoint of length; widening from midpoint to tip, apical half widest near rounded lateral tips; apical half vaguely resembling cat head, rim broadly emarginate between lateral tips. Male S8 (Fig. 71E) lateral projections distinct; medial projection narrowing to tip, apically emarginate. Male genital capsule (Fig. 76E) with outer corners, where gonocoxite tips curve inward, marked by obvious flange of about 90 degrees or greater, best seen in profile; from corner to apex, in profile, gonocoxite relatively unmodified, concave or straight; tip, in profile, weakly pointed and strongly curved ventrally; gonostylus tip position slightly exceeding that of gonocoxite, measured from above along primary axis of latter. Pubescence: See Fig. 56E. Appears light to medium gray overall. Setae white to off-white, except as follows: leg inner faces light orange; tergal basal zones dark if present. Female similar to male, except: Head: Facial maculations often somewhat darker yellow. Galea often darker, medium brown; moderately tessellate, duller. Mandible with inferior tooth ridge-like, weakly angled off main blade (Fig. 41E). Clypeal maculation an inverted-T, usually reaching lateral sides, narrowing gradually from rim to top of clypeus, almost triangular in shape (Fig. 41E); punctation denser in upper half of maculation. Paraocular area almost always immaculate; slight dot if present. Supraclypeal maculation more often present; larger, typically transverse. Mesosoma: Midtibial spur apically curved; tan to orange. Basitibial plate circular distally, teardropped overall. Metasoma: T1–T4 covered in appressed setae; T5 with extensive appressed setae. Terga less tessellate, with stronger reflections; sometimes apparent through appressed setae. Tergal rims more transparent, tan to clear. T4 impunctate rim of short to moderate length medially, at most slightly triangular. Anal fimbria triangular, covering third to slightly under half of T5 length medially. Pubescence: See Fig. 46E. Vertex and scutum regularly with dark intermixing; hindbasitarsal brush orange to light brown; anal fimbria orangish. Distribution. See Fig. 22. Present in USA: California, Arizona, Nevada; Mexico: Baja California Norte, likely Sonora. Found almost exclusively in Sonoran and Mojave Deserts. Ecoregional habitance is as follows, based on 265 specimen records: 4 ecoregions total: Sonoran Desert (154=56.9%), Mojave Desert (111=41.8%), California coastal sage and chaparral (1≤1%), California montane chaparral and woodlands (1≤1%). Phenology. Recorded from March–July, October, almost exclusively spring, most common in April–May. Univoltine, single October record from Riverside County (CA) possibly mislabeled or opportunistic emergence. Nesting biology. The first author has observed this species nesting in sandy washes four times. A fifth female has been observed trying, and failing, to excavate into a hard-packed road of silty/sandy composition. Further details on these new records will be presented in a subsequent review of the group’s nesting biology. Floral specialization. Specialist on Asteraceae, plausibly narrowly specialized on Bebbia juncea. Primary recorded visits by 77 females include: Family Asteraceae (88%); Genus Bebbia (67%), Chaenactis (11%); Species Bebbia juncea (67%). 137 total floral records from eight families include: Asteraceae (53 ♂ 69 ♀): Bebbia juncea 30 ♂ 29 ♀, Bebbia sp. 22 ♀, Bidens pilosa 1 ♂, Chaenactis fremontii 1 ♀, Chaenactis sp. 3 ♂ 4 ♀, Chaenactis stevioides 4 ♀, Encelia farinosa 8 ♂, Encelia sp. 1 ♂, Geraea canescens 1 ♀, Malacothrix sp. 2 ♂, Palafoxia arida 1 ♂ 2 ♀, Palafoxia linearis 2 ♂ 4 ♀, Palafoxia sp. 1 ♂, Stephanomeria sp. 4 ♂ 1 ♀, Bignoniaceae (1 ♂): Chilopsis linearis 1 ♂, Boraginaceae (2 ♂ 1 ♀): Nama hispidum 1 ♀, Phacelia sp. 2 ♂, Fabaceae (2 ♂ 3 ♀): Dalea schottii 1 ♂, Dalea sp. 1 ♂, Dalea spinosa 1 ♀, Prosopis glandulosa 1 ♀, Psorothamnus schottii 1 ♀, Malvaceae (1 ♂ 3 ♀): Sphaeralcea sp. 1 ♂ 3 ♀, Nyctaginaceae (1 ♀): Abronia villosa 1 ♀, Onagraceae (1 ♀): Oenothera sp. 1 ♀, Polygonaceae (1 ♂): Eriogonum sp. 1 ♂. Etymology. This species is named for F.D. Parker and his ever-efficient husband/assistant, T. McIntyre, whose expertly-placed pan traps likely control species’ abundance in the greater Palm Springs, CA area. This species was apparently first recognized by Timberlake, who gave it the unpublished name “vanduzeei.” Comments. Unfortunately, the material for A. pachyodonta and A. parkeri were reversed in the reference collection MCO originally used for determinations, this confirmed by the types. Identifications prior to 2015 are suspect. Paratypes: USA: CALIFORNIA: Riverside County: Box Canyon: 1 ♂, 27 Apr 1952, P.H. Timberlake (UCRC ENT); 1 ♀, 5 May 1966, J.C. Hall (UCRC ENT); Corn Springs Campground, 0.4 km ESE; Corn Springs Wash: 14 ♂ 4 ♀, 9 Apr 2014, M.C. Orr; 2 ♂, 9 Apr 2014, M.C. Orr; San Bernardino County: Dumont Dunes HP, 3.66 km NW; Dumont Dunes Rd: 1 ♀, 10 Apr 2014, M.C. Orr; NEVADA: Clark County: Searchlight, 5 mi N: 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 3 May 1964, P. Torchio, G. Bohart. Other specimens examined: MEXICO: Baja California Norte: San Felipe, 25 mi S: 1 ♂, 25 Mar 1976, T.L. Griswold. USA: ARIZONA: La Paz County: Midway; BM S280, nr: 1 ♂, 4 Apr 2014, M.C. Orr; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 4 Apr 2014, T.L. Griswold; Quarzsite, 14mi S, Yuma: 1 ♂, 31 Mar 1968, R.M. Bohart; Maricopa County: Gila Bend, 15 mi S: 1 ♀, 21 Apr 1969, J.L. Petty; Gila Bend, 18 mi S: 1 ♂, 8 May 1965, M.A. Mortenson, J.M. Davidson, M.A. Cazier; Mohave County: Bill Williams River NWR; MSQ1: 1 ♀, 25 Apr 2013, M.C. Miner; Bill Williams River Wildlife Refuge: 1 ♀, 23 Jun 2013, M.C. Miner; Bullhead City: 1 ♂ 1 ♂, 2 Apr 1956, Butler, Werner; Cattail Cove, 9 mi N Parker Dam: 1 ♂, 7 Apr 1972, W. Apperson; Gold Spring, 9.1km S: 1 ♂ 9 ♀, 25 Mar 2016, T.L. Griswold; Henderson, 10 mi SE: 2 ♂, 21 Apr 1966, P.F. Torchio, R.W. Rust, N. Youssef; Lake Havasu City: 2 ♂ 1 ♀, 25 Mar 1967, G.E. Bohart, P.F. Torchio; Yuma County: 9.1 mi S Quartzsite [= 9.2]: 1 ♂, 27 Mar 1967, J.C. Hall; Dateland: 8 ♀, 12 Apr 1955, Butler, Werner; Ligurta: 1 ♀, 15 Apr 1973, J. Rozen; 1 ♂, date unknown, collector unknown; Quartzsite, 14 mi S: 1 ♀, date unknown, collector unknown; Yuma: 1 ♀, 18 Mar 1957, W.L. Nutting; Yuma, 18mi N: 1 ♀, 17 Apr 1969, P. Torchio; CALIFORNIA: Imperial County: 3.5 miles NW Glamis, Kipf Road, Algodones Dunes: 1 ♀, 13 Apr 1968, L.O. Tejada; 1 ♂, 13 Apr 1968, P.A. Rauch; Black Mountain, 6 km NW; Black Mt Rd Black Mountain, 6 km NW; Black Mt Rd: 1 ♀, 14 Apr 2013, M.C. Orr; Black Mountain, Chocolate Mountains: 3 ♀, 27 Apr 1980, Brown, Faulkner; Coyote Wells: 1 ♀, 18 Apr 1956, R.R. Snelling; Olgiby Road, 3 mi N of Indian Pass Road: 6 ♂, 21 Mar 1984, R.R. Snelling; Palo Verde: 2 ♂ 1 ♀, 1 Apr 1968, M.S. Wasbauer; 1 ♂, 1 Apr 1968, R.M. Bohart; 1 ♂, 1 Apr 1968, R.O. Schuster; Potholes: 1 ♂, date unknown, collector unknown; Inyo County: DEVA; Ashford Mills, 2.5 air km E; Abronia site: 1 ♀, 11 Apr 2014, M.C. Orr; DEVA; Jubilee Pass, 3 air km W; hwy 178: 1 ♀, 1 Apr 2014, M.C. Orr; DEVA; Jubilee Pass; hwy 178: 7 ♀, 26 Apr 2013, M.C. Orr; 2 ♀, 11 Apr 2014, M.C. Orr; DEVA; Panamint Springs, 9.4 air km E; hwy 190: 1 ♂, 12 Apr 2014, M.C. Orr; DEVA; Shoshone, 3 air km NW; hwy 178: 1 ♀, 11 Apr 2014, M.C. Orr; Darwin Falls: 1 ♀, 21 May 1965, A.S. Menke; 1 ♀, 13 May 1979, collector unknown; Death Valley Junction, 10.5 km W; hwy 190: 1 ♂, 26 Apr 2013, M.C. Orr; Death Valley National Park; Jubilee Pass: 1 ♀ 12 ♀, 13 Apr 2014, T.L. Griswold; Lee Flat, 3 mi W Blackrock Well: 1 ♂, 12 Jun 1978, T.L. Griswold; Panamint Springs, 15 mi S: 1 ♂, 28 Apr 1958, P.D. Hurd; 2 ♂, 28 Apr 1958, R.O. Schuster; Saline Valley: 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 18 May 1995, T.L. Griswold; Saline Valley, S end: 2 ♂, 19 May 1995, T.L. Griswold; Riverside County: 1 mi W of Shaver's Well: 1 ♀, 26 Apr 1964, R.R. Snelling; 18 mi W Blythe [= 18.1 mi W Blythe, = 1 mi E Ford Dry Lake Road], Chuckwalla Valley: 1 ♀ 1 ♀, 13 Apr 1958, P.H. Timberlake; 1 ♀, 14 Apr 1958, P.H. Timberlake; 1 ♀, 16 Apr 1958, P.H. Timberlake; 1 ♀, 17 Apr 1958, P.H. Timberlake; 1 ♀, 8–19 Apr 1963, E.I. Schlinger; 19 mi W Blythe [= 19.4 mi W Blythe], Hopkins Well, Chuckwalla Valley: 3 ♀, 26 Mar 1967, J.C. Hall; 20 mi E Indio: 1 ♀, 26 Apr 1963, E.I. Schlinger; 22 mi W Blythe, Chuckwalla Valley: 1 ♀, 9 Oct 1963, E.I. Schlinger; 3.2 mi W of Corn Spring, Chuckwalla Mountains: 1 ♀, 7 Apr 1994, R.R. Snelling; Banning: 1 ♀, 2 Jul 1952, A.T. McClay; Biskra Palms: 1 ♀, 29 Mar 1957, E. Schlinger; Blythe, 18 mi W: 2 ♂, 2 Apr 1963, F.(do not use) Parker; 1 ♂, 24 Apr 1963, F.D. Parker, L.A. Stange; 2 ♂, 24 Apr 1963, M.E. Irwin; Blythe, 18 mi W; northern entrance: 1 ♂, 27 Mar 2016, M.C. Orr; Blythe, 33 air km NW; Midland: 3 ♂ 1 ♀, 26 Mar 2016, M.C. Orr; Box Canyon: 1 ♀, 26 Apr 1952, P.D. Hurd; Box Canyon, 3 mi E Mecca, Box Canyon Road, 12.3 mi S Jct Hwy 10, 2.4 mi NE jct of Painted Canyon Road, Mecca Hills: 1 ♀, 27 Apr 1952, P.H. Timberlake; Box Canyon, Mecca Hills: 1 ♂, 5 Apr 1966, F.G. Andrews; 1 ♀, 5 Apr 1966, J.C. Hall; Carrizo Creek, Santa Rosa Mountains: 1 ♀, 4 Apr 1963, E.I. Schlinger; Cathedral City: 1 ♂, Apr 1936, W.P. Cockerell; Corn Springs Campground, 0.4 km ESE; Corn Springs Wash: 1 ♂, 7 May 2012, M.C. Orr; 2 ♂, 9 Apr 2014, M.C. Orr; Desert Center, 19.7 km NE; hwy 177: 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 9 Apr 2014, M.C. Orr; Edom, Coachella Valley: 1 ♀, 7 Apr 1936, P.H. Timberlake; Joshua Tree National Park; Cottonwood Wash, S end: 2 ♂, 24 Mar 2016, M.C. Orr; Joshua Tree National Park; South Entrance; i15, 1.8 air km N: 3 ♀, 24 Mar 2016, M.C. Orr; McCoy Spring: 1 ♀, 8 Apr 1963, J.C. Hall; Mecca, 14.7 air km WSW; Box Canyon: 1 ♀, 12 Apr 2016, M.C. Orr; Morongo Pass, 1 mi N jct Indian Ave & Hwy 62: 1 ♂, 3 May 1969, B. Hunt; Painted Canyon, near Mecca: 1 ♀, 27 Apr 1980, D.K. Faulkner; Palm Springs: 1 ♂, 11–26 Apr 2011, F.D. Parker, T. McIntyre; Palo Verde, 13 km NW; Bradshaw Trail: 1 ♂ 4 ♀, 15 Apr 2013, M.C. Orr; Palo Verde, 20.3 km SSW; Milpitas Wash: 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 3 Apr 2014, M.C. Orr; Thousand Palms: 1 ♂, 2 Apr 1966, R.M. Bohart; 1 ♀, 27 Apr 1967, G. Stage; Thousand Palms (= 1000 Palms), Coachella Valley: 1 ♂, 10 Apr 1937, P.H. Timberlake; Tipton Road, opposite Windy Point, 5 mi NW Palm Springs: 2 ♀, 23 Apr 1935, P.H. Timberlake; unspecified, Riverside County: 1 ♀, 25 Apr 1936, F. Platt; San Bernardino County: 29 Palms, 6 mi N, Mesquite Springs rd, sand dunes: 1 ♂, 14 May 1981, K.W. Cooper; Afton Canyon, Mojave River Wash, between Cady Mountains and Cave Mountain: 1 ♂, 4 May 1969, D.E. Bixler; Goffs: 1 ♂, 26 Apr 1968, R.P. Allen; Halloran Springs: 1 ♀, 7 May 1977, N.J. Smith; Joshua Tree: 11 ♂ 1 ♀, 26 May 1975, T.L. Griswold; Kelso: 1 ♂, 7 May 1977, R.W. Brooks; Kelso, 10 km N: 1 ♂, 2 May 1990, collector unknown; Mesquite Springs, Twentynine Palms: 1 ♂, 22 May 1998, K.W. Cooper; Needles: 1 ♀, 17 Apr 1967, P.F. Torchio, N. Youssef; Needles, 30 mi S: 2 ♂ 1 ♀, 14 Apr 2013, M.C. Orr; S of Avawatz Mountains, Mohave Desert: 1 ♀, 30 Apr 1927, P.H. Timberlake; Searchlight, 30 mi S: 1 ♂, 26 Apr 1966, P.F. Torchio, R.W. Rust, N. Youssef; Sheep Hole Summit, 23 mi S Amboy: 1 ♂, 25 May 1975, T.L. Griswold; Turtle Mountain rd, 38 km S Needles: 5 ♀ 1 ♀, 22 Apr 2016, M.C. Orr; Willow Wash: 1 ♀, 10 May 1978, T.L. Griswold; Winston Wash: 1 ♀, 13 Jun 1980, T.L. Griswold; Yermo, 10 m E: 1 ♀, 1 May 1993, P.F. Torchio, D.M. Torchio; San Diego County: Borrego: 1 ♂, 25 Apr 1955, M.S. Wasbauer; 1 ♂, 25 Apr 1955, P.D. Hurd; Borrego (= Borego), Borrego Valley (= Borego Valley): 1 ♀, 26 Mar 1933, P.H. Timberlake; 1 ♀, 5 Apr 1940, R.M. Bohart; 1 ♀, 26 Apr 1955, P.H. Timberlake; 1 ♂, 29 Apr 1955, P.H. Timberlake; Borrego Valley: 1 ♀, 29 Apr 1961, collector unknown; NEVADA: Clark County: 3 mi E Arden: 1 ♂, 6 Jun 1941, P.H. Timberlake; 30 mi S of Searchlight: 1 ♂, 26 Apr 1966, collector unknown; 5 mi N of Searchlight: 1 ♂ 2 ♀, 3 May 1964, collector unknown; Eldorado Cyn, 0.39 mi N: 1 ♂, 2 May 2005, R. Andrus; Glendale, 32 mi SE: 1 ♀, 1 May 1986, P.F. & D.M. Torchio; Juanita Springs Ranch: 1 ♂ 2 ♀, 12–14 May 1984, F.D. Parker; 1 ♀, 13 May 1984, F.D. Parker; Las Vegas, 6 mi S: 1 ♂, 19 Apr 1969, P.F. Torchio; Logandale: 1 ♂, 19 May 1984, F.D. Parker; Nelsons Landing: 1 ♂, 13 Apr 2005, R. Andrus; 1 ♂, 2 May 2005, R. Andrus; Riverside: 1 ♀, 16 May 1984, F.D. Parker; Riverside, 11.0 km SSW; New Gold Butte Rd: 2 ♀, 16 May 2012, M.C. Orr; 2 ♀, 24 Apr 2013, M.C. Orr; Riverside, 6 km SW; New Gold Butte Rd.: 1 ♀, 16 May 2012, M.C. Orr; Searchlight: 1 ♀, 3 May 1964, P. Torchio, G. Bohart; Searchlight, 10 mi S: 1 ♂ 4 ♀, 3 May 1964, P.F. Torchio, G.E. Bohart; Searchlight, 5 mi N: 9 ♂ 4 ♀, 3 May 1964, P.F. Torchio, G.E. Bohart; St. Thomas Gap: 1 ♂, 7 Jun 1998, T.L. Griswold.Published as part of Orr, Michael C., Pitts, James P. & Griswold, Terry, 2018, Revision of the bee group Anthophora (Micranthophora) (Hymenoptera: Apidae), with notes on potential conservation concerns and a molecular phylogeny of the genus, pp. 1-193 in Zootaxa 4511 (1) on pages 89-91, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4511.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/377097
Dependence of unsaturated chloride diffusion on the pore structure in cementitious materials
No full textConceptual analysis is performed to examine the effects of pore features on the water continuity in unsaturated porous systems. The roles of pore features in relative chloride diffusion coefficient (Drc) of mortar specimens at various degrees of water saturation (Sw) were studied based on mercury intrusion porosimetry and resistivity tests. It is found that the role of pore structure in the Drc-Sw relationship is a result of its effect on the water continuity. Porosity and tortuosity are not relevant to the Drc-Sw relationship. A finer pore size distribution or lower pore connectivity tends to result in a lower Drc. The pore size effect on the Drc is pronounced primarily at high Sw, while the Drc is dominated by the pore connectivity at low Sw. Cement mortar with a higher water-to-binder ratio shows larger chloride diffusion at high relative humidity levels but smaller chloride diffusion at low relative humidity levels.Accepted Author ManuscriptMaterials and Environmen
Total Cost of Ownership for Application Replatform by Open-source SW
No full textAbstractIn intra-company IT environment, the use of open-source software (OSS) should be expanded to reduce IT costs and to establish SW governance. This requires the migration of systems from the existing commercial SW to open-source SW, but the attempt of application replatform is prevented by the expenses for application reprogramming and data migration. This study proposes a methodology for TCO calculation of application replatform using open-source SW. In practice, a five-year TCO shows a cost reduction effect of 78% - 83%. This TCO could be further reduced if the application size is increased due to data accumulation and the company gets open-source SW capabilities internally. In addition, it is possible to directly apply an application developed from open-source SW to a virtualized infrastructure environment, which enables to operate in a hybrid cloud environment. This enables a scalable, efficient and flexible IT operation and a sustainable TCO reduction in the futur
Review of previous meetings, Part 3: Montrose, SW Colorado, G2G3 species
No full textSymposium held on September 28, 2012 in Canyon City, Colorado.Title from website.2008 Montrose: SW Colorado G2G3 species -- 2009 Loveland: NW & central Colorado G2G3 species
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Overdiagnosis in breast cancer screening: the importance of length of observation period and lead time
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Director, City Author Discuss Book Filming
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