28,390 research outputs found
A call for continuity: the theological contribution of James Orr
No full textJames Orr (1844-1913) was a Scottish theologian, apologist
and polemicist. He was the leading United Presbyterian theologian
at the time of the United Free Church of Scotland union of 1900, and
beyond his own church and nation he came to exercise a significant
influence in North America. This study is an examination of Orris
theological contribution, what he believed and how he expressed it,
in its historical setting Particular attention is paid to the
convictions which undergirded and gave impetus to his activities.
The study reveals that while Orr was far from unaffected by
the intellectual movements of the late-Victorian period, his contribution
may best be described as a call for continuity with the central tenets
of evangelical orthodoxy. He was one of the earliest and principal
British critics of the Ritschlian theology, and a strong opponent
of rationalistic biblical criticism. He emphatically rejected all
evolutionary interpretations of man's moral history, and held firmly
to orthodox Christological formulations in the face of alternative
assessments of the historical Jesus.
While factors of temperament affected the tenor of his work,
his contribution was most decisively shaped by the convictions that
evangelical orthodoxy is ultimately self-authenticating, that truth
comprises a unity or interconnected whole, that genuine Christian
belief implies a two-story supernaturalist cosmology, and that the
rationalism of the times was a temporary malaise.
A general lack of support for his views within the scholarly
community, combined with his own deep-seated populist instincts and
common sense convictions, led Orr in later years to direct his
appeals primarily toward the Christian public. The conclusion reached
is that Orr deserves to be recognized, not so much as a brilliant or
particularly original thinker, but as an able and exceptionally
vigorous participant in a period of dramatic theological challenge
and change
Martin O’Neill und Sheppley Orr (Hrsg.): Taxation. Philosophical Perspectives
No full textRezension von Martin O’Neill und Sheppley Orr (Hrsg.): Taxation. Philosophical Perspectives. New York: Oxford University Press 2018.Rezension von Martin O’Neill und Sheppley Orr (Hrsg.): Taxation. Philosophical Perspectives. New York: Oxford University Press 2018
Associations of insulin and insulin-like growth factors with physical performance in old age in the boyd orr and caerphilly studies.
No full textOBJECTIVE: Insulin and the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system regulate growth and are involved in determining muscle mass, strength and body composition. We hypothesised that IGF-I and IGF-II are associated with improved, and insulin with worse, physical performance in old age. METHODS: Physical performance was measured using the get-up and go timed walk and flamingo balance test at 63-86 years. We examined prospective associations of insulin, IGF-I, IGF-II and IGFBP-3 with physical performance in the UK-based Caerphilly Prospective Study (CaPS; n?=?739 men); and cross-sectional insulin, IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-3 in the Boyd Orr cohort (n?=?182 men, 223 women). RESULTS: In confounder-adjusted models, there was some evidence in CaPS that a standard deviation (SD) increase in IGF-I was associated with 1.5% faster get-up and go test times (95% CI: -0.2%, 3.2%; p?=?0.08), but little association with poor balance, 19 years later. Coefficients in Boyd Orr were in the same direction as CaPS, but consistent with chance. Higher levels of insulin were weakly associated with worse physical performance (CaPS and Boyd Orr combined: get-up and go time?=?1.3% slower per SD log-transformed insulin; 95% CI: 0.0%, 2.7%; p?=?0.07; OR poor balance 1.13; 95% CI; 0.98, 1.29; p?=?0.08), although associations were attenuated after controlling for body mass index (BMI) and co-morbidities. In Boyd Orr, a one SD increase in IGFBP-2 was associated with 2.6% slower get-up and go times (95% CI: 0.4%, 4.8% slower; p?=?0.02), but this was only seen when controlling for BMI and co-morbidities. There was no consistent evidence of associations of IGF-II, or IGFBP-3 with physical performance. CONCLUSIONS: There was some evidence that high IGF-I and low insulin levels in middle-age were associated with improved physical performance in old age, but estimates were imprecise. Larger cohorts are required to confirm or refute the findings
The Effects on Stature of Poverty, Family Size and Birth Order: British Children in the 1930s
No full textThis paper examines effects of socio-economic conditions on the standardised heights and body mass index of children in Interwar Britain. It uses the Boyd Orr cohort, a survey of predominantly poor families taken in 1937-9, which provides a unique opportunity to explore the determinants of child health in the era before the welfare state. We examine the trade-off between the quality (in the form of health outcomes) and the number of children in the family at a time when genuine poverty still existed in Britain. Our results provide strong support both for negative birth order effects and negative family size effects on the heights of children. No such effects are found for the body mass index (BMI). We find that household income per capita positively influences the heights of children but, even after accounting for this, the number of children in the family still has a negative effect on height. This latter effect is closely associated with overcrowding and particularly with the degree of cleanliness or hygiene in the household, which conditions exposure to factors predisposing to disease. We also analyse evidence collected retrospectively, which indicates that the effects of childhood conditions on height persisted into adulthood.child health, heights, poverty
Supplementary_material – Supplemental material for Does process matter? Experimental evidence on the effect of procedural fairness on citizens’ evaluations of policy outcomes
No full textSupplemental material, Supplementary_material for Does process matter? Experimental evidence on the effect of procedural fairness on citizens’ evaluations of policy outcomes by Aaron Martin, Gosia Mikołajczak and Raymond Orr in International Political Science Review</p
Jack Alive / Martin Dead : The Location of the "Author" in Jack London\u27s Martin Eden
No full textThis essay is an attempt to read Martin Eden, Jack Londonʼs autobiographical novel, in terms of the inextricable relationship between the author and the protagonist. Critics have often taken the unbalanced plot and the lack of ironic distance between narrator and character in Martin Eden as the technical weakness of London, but this paper argues that the achievement of this novel owes a great deal to the attachment of London to Martin. The unbalanced structure is a necessary product of the severe struggle of the author to kill his romantic alter ego. // Martin, who aspires to win Ruth Morse, tries to cross class boundaries by making a career of a writer. Even after realizing the emptiness of Ruth, who turns out to be nothing but a typical figure of the bourgeoisie, he somehow persists in loving her. The notion underlying here is that, for Martin, love, career and art are fundamentally inseparable. He objects to the aestheteʼs view of Brissenden on account of his separation of art from career. Martinʼs identity and life consist only in the triunity of love/career/art; the alternative is the repudiation of life. Thus, the unnatural delay of his disappointment in love can be regarded as Londonʼs strategy to set the suicide of Martin as the necessary consequence of the story. // By finishing the story and killing Martin, London finally detaches himself from Martin, reconstructs his self, and, unlike Martin, survives as a professional writer. In this sense, Martin Eden is a story about “writerʼs self-reconstruction.
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Letter from Martin Chizzick
No full textCongratulations to Duane Pearsall for receiving the Enterpreneur of the Year award; note on the letter was written by Pearsall and it mentions that Martin, the author of the letter, died in a airplane accident
Robert Martin Tiffin's Mystery Man Newspaper Articles
No full textAdvertiser-Tribune newspaper clippings featuring a story about Robert Martin (written by Nancy Kleinhenz), a local author from Tiffin (Ohio) who wrote under the pseudonym of Lee Roberts, and two of his short stories. Martin wrote mystery novels in his spare time, creating more than 22 mystery novels. For more information about Robert Martin and a list of books go to http://www.mysteryfile.com/RMartin/JBennett.html
Experiences Using Large Scale Video Walls for Distance Education
No full textWe describe our experiences building and using the Rutgers Videowall, a low-cost telepresence system that has been used teaching 15 courses and colloquia. By relaxing typical spatial telepresence features, such as background continuity, we greatly reduced costs and gained flexibility in the rooms it could be deployed in. The lower costs and room flexibility enabled academic departments to use the wall, in contrast to traditional telepresence systems which remained inaccessible. We found that the Videowall’s spatial distortions did not have a significant impact on useability, as our initial survey results show that students had an overall positive experience.Technical report DCS-tr-72
Careproctus lacrima Orr 2021, new species
No full text<i>Careproctus lacrima</i>, new species <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 22CE355B-89E3-40D8-8872- 92B6E1C87A70</p> <p>Teardrop Snailfish</p> <p>Figures 1C, 2C, 3C, 4; Table 1</p> <p> <i>Careproctus</i> sp. J: Orr et al., 2019: 33, table 3 (molecular phylogenetics).</p> <p> <i>Holotype.—</i> UW 200024 (out of UW 49434), 50.2 mm, ripe female, Aleutian Islands, north of Tanaga Island, 52.00388N, 177.82788W, 111 m depth, F/ V <i>Sea Storm</i>, cruise 200201, haul 118, J. W. Orr, 11 July 2002.</p> <p> <i>Paratypes.—</i> 30 specimens, 31.4–60 mm. SIO 20-14 (ex UW 200029), 58.5 mm, 52.87148N, 171.32238W, 207 m depth, F/ V <i>Vesteraalen</i>, cruise 200001, haul 75, W. C. Flerx, 11 June 2000; SIO 20-15 (ex UW 200048), 53.3 mm, 51.29438N, 179.38928E, 141 m depth, F/ V <i>Ocean Explorer</i>, cruise 201801, haul 124, N. E. Roberson, 12 July 2018; UW 49434 *, 45–47.5 mm, 52.00388N, 177.82788E, 111 m depth, F/ V <i>Sea Storm</i>, cruise 200201, haul 118, in 95% ethanol, J. W. Orr, 11 July 2002, collected with holotype; UW 159754, 45.2 mm, 52.23788N, 173.40398W, 109 m depth, F/ V <i>Sea Storm</i>, cruise 200401, haul 57, J. W. Orr, 18 June 2004; UW 200025, 60 mm, 52.80438N, 171.54258W, 210 m depth, F/ V <i>Dominator</i>, cruise 200001, haul 81, benthic bag, K. P. Maslenikov, 11 June 2000; UW 200026, 52.2 mm, 52.35188N, 174.53838W, 116 m depth, F/ V <i>Dominator</i>, cruise 200001, haul 101, benthic bag, K. P. Maslenikov, 15 June 2000; UW 200027, 47.6 mm, 51.97308N, 176.08418E, 85 m depth, F/ V <i>Dominator</i>, cruise 200001, haul 227, K. P. Maslenikov, 20 July 2000; UW 200028, 40.0 mm, 51.86538N, 177.76278E, 112 m depth, F/ V <i>Vesteraalen</i>, cruise 199701, haul 188, 28 July 1997; UW 200030, 42 mm, 51.60578N, 178.86128W, 250 m depth, F/ V <i>Vesteraalen</i>, cruise 200001, haul 128, W. C. Flerx, 21 June 2000; UW 200031, 2, 44.8–46.2 mm, 51.82228N, 177.6798E, 133 m depth, F/ V <i>Vesteraalen</i>, cruise 200001, haul 149, W. C. Flerx, 27 June 2000; UW 200032, 50 mm, 52.05918N, 176.39518E, 162 m depth, F/ V <i>Vesteraalen</i>, cruise 200001, haul 176, 6 July 2000; UW 200033, 43.5 mm, 51.92538N, 178.39188E, 90 m depth, F/ V <i>Vesteraalen</i>, cruise 200201, haul 155, benthic bag, R. N. Clark, 6 July 2002; UW 200034, 31.4 mm, 51.88998N, 179.73528E, 93 m depth, F/ V <i>Sea Storm</i>, cruise 200201, haul 129, J. W. Orr, 14 July 2002; UW 200035, 46.8 mm, 52.09408N, 172.42878W, 163 m depth, F/ V <i>Sea Storm</i>, cruise 200201, haul 164, benthic bag, R. C. Harrison, 28 July 2002; UW 200036, 50.0 mm, 52.24858N, 173.0918W, 139 m depth, F/ V <i>Sea Storm</i>, cruise 201001, haul 80, N. E. Roberson, 3 July 2010; UW 200037, 47.7 mm, 51.71638N, 175.78438E, 93 m depth, F/ V <i>Sea Storm</i>, cruise 201001, haul 133, N. E. Roberson, 16 July 2010; UW 200038, 2, 50.0–54.0 mm, 51.64168N, 177.45318W, 133 m depth, F/ V <i>Sea Storm</i>, cruise 201001, haul 163, benthic bag, K. P. Maslenikov, 25 July 2010; UW 200039, 47.0 mm, 51.9318N, 176.67298E, 147 m depth, F/ V <i>Sea Storm</i>, cruise 201401, haul 158, G. R. Hoff, 18 July 2014; UW 200040, 51.0 mm, 52.27538N, 173.38688W, 121 m depth, F/ V <i>Sea Storm</i>, cruise 201801, haul 56, N. E. Roberson, 23 June 2018; UW 200041, 45.0 mm, 52.73158N, 169.85188W, 195 m depth, F/ V <i>Sea Storm</i>, cruise 201901, haul 1, P. Von Szalay, 24 May 2019; UW 200042, 50.6 mm, 52.84168N, 171.43278W, 204 m depth, F/ V <i>Gladiator</i>, cruise 200401, haul 36, benthic bag, K. P. Maslenikov, 15 June 2004; UW 200043, 49.0 mm, 51.97678N, 176.80388E, 134 m depth, F/ V <i>Gladiator</i>, cruise 200401, haul 141, M. Martin, 11 July 2004; UW 200044, 2, 49–51.2 mm, 51.97748N, 176.80288E, 128 m depth, F/ V <i>Gladiator</i>, cruise 200401, haul 142, N. Laman, 11 July 2004; UW 200045, 43.0 mm, 51.29468N, 179.38998E, 140 m depth, F/ V <i>Gladiator</i>, cruise 200401, haul 169, R. N. Clark, 19 July 2004; UW 200046, 50.4 mm, 51.9358N, 173.71478W, 104 m depth, F/ V <i>Ocean Explorer</i>, cruise 201001, haul 54, W. C. Flerx, 23 June 2010; UW 200047, 50.0 mm, 51.61778N, 178.19008W, 131 m depth, F/ V <i>Ocean Explorer</i>, cruise 201001, haul 148, 20 July 2010.</p> <p> <i> <i>Diagnosis.—</i> Careproctus lacrima</i> is distinguished from all other described North Pacific species of <i>Careproctus</i> by having a small teardrop-shaped body, with loose thin skin, and anterior dorsal-fin rays buried in tissue. Among species of the <i>C. canus</i> species group (Orr et al., 2019), <i>Careproctus lacrima</i> is most similar to small <i>C. canus</i>, differing in having seven preoperculomandibular pores (vs. six in <i>C. canus</i>), lower counts of dorsal-fin rays (47–52 vs. 51–55) and vertebrae (53–57 vs. 55–60), and a smaller maximum size (60 mm vs. 198 mm). <i>Careproctus lacrima</i> is also similar to <i>C. spiraki</i> and <i>C. maslenikovae</i> but is further and readily distinguished from them in lacking small, rounded bumps on its body and in having a single chin pore (vs. two chin pores), higher counts of pectoral-fin rays (32–38 vs. 28–32 in <i>C. spiraki</i> and 26–29 in <i>C. maslenikovae</i>), vertebrae (53–57 vs. 42–46 and 42–43), dorsal-fin rays (47–52 vs. 38–43 and 38– 40), and anal-fin rays (43–45 vs. 32–37 and 32–33).</p> <p> <i>Description.—</i> Body teardrop-shaped, deep and rounded anteriorly, tapering posteriorly, moderately compressed, depth at dorsal-fin origin 75.8–103.6 (88.5) % HL. Body posterior to anal-fin origin short to moderately long, about 49.4–59.2 (56.2) % SL. Head large, 27.7–33.6 (29.5) % SL, broadly rounded from nape to snout to pectoral-fin insertion. Snout rounded, slightly projecting beyond upper jaw, longer than orbit, 24.7–32.1 (29.5) % HL. Mouth small, maxilla 35.6–43.2 (38.5) % HL, extending to mid-orbit, oral cleft extending anterior to orbit, jaws terminal. Premaxillary tooth plates matching mandibular tooth plates. Premaxillary and mandibular teeth broadly trilobed in a broad band of 9–12 oblique rows of 6–9 teeth per row. Diastema absent at symphysis of upper and lower jaws. Orbit small, diameter 19.7–26.6 (25.0) % HL, dorsal margin well below dorsal contour of head, suborbital depth to oral cleft 50.0–100.0 (59.5) % OL; pupil tiny, reduced to a pinpoint. Interorbital space moderately broad, fleshy width 21.4–36.0 (35.1) % HL, bony width 12.0–23.0 (23.0) % HL, convex. Nostril single, in well-developed tube at level with upper part of orbit; nostril tube length 1.9–8.1 (8.1) % HL, 8.8–32.4 (32.4) % OL.</p> <p>Pores of cephalic lateralis large: nasal pores two, maxillary pores six, preoperculomandibular pores seven, suprabranchial pores one (pore pattern 2-6-7-1); chin pore single. Interorbital pore absent. Free neuromasts not evident.</p> <p>Gill opening small, 16.3–30.3 (21.0) % HL, upper margin at level of mid-orbit or dorsal part of orbit, extending to just above pectoral fin. Opercular flap rounded. Branchiostegal rays six.</p> <p>Dorsal-fin rays 47–52 (51; Table 1), anterior 4–5 rays buried in tissue, uniserial and unsegmented, more posterior rays biserial and segmented; all rays simple. Anterior 15 rays not exserted; more posterior rays slightly exserted. Anteriormost dorsal-fin pterygiophore inserted between neural spines three and four or four and five (three and four), bearing a single ray.</p> <p>Anal-fin rays 43–45 (44; Table 1), anterior ray unsegmented, more posterior rays biserial and segmented; all rays simple. Anterior 5–6 rays not exserted; more posterior rays slightly exserted. One or two anal-fin pterygiophores each bearing a single ray anterior to first haemal spine. Anal-fin origin below vertebrae 12–13 (caudal vertebrae 2–3).</p> <p>Pectoral fin moderately notched, with 32–38 (35) rays (Table 1). Upper lobe of 25–32 (29) rays extending to anal-fin origin or beyond to anal-fin ray three, dorsalmost rays lengthening to rays 6–7, more ventral rays gradually shortening to shortest ray of notch. Lower lobe short, with 6–8 (6) rays, extending just past anus; dorsal rays gradually lengthening to thick and fleshy rays 2–3, ventral rays more slender and gradually shortening to ventralmost ray near pectoral symphysis. Tips of rays 5–50 % free of membrane, lower rays more strongly exserted. Rays in notch slightly more widely spaced than rays of lobes. Uppermost pectoral-fin ray level with lower part of orbit. Lowermost pectoral-fin ray below posterior rim of orbit.</p> <p> Proximal pectoral radials four (1 <b>þ</b> 1 <b>þ</b> 1 <b>þ</b> 1), robust; all radials round, unnotched, radial four not widely spaced from radial three (Fig. 3C). All fenestrae absent. Scapula small, with strong helve and rounded base, lacking distinct posterior arm; coracoid broadly triangular with broad lamina. Distal radials present at base of all but first pectoral-fin ray, more ventral distal radials smaller.</p> <p>Pelvic disk moderate in size, 24.7–37.9 (30.4) % HL, round, slightly longer than wide, anterior lobe moderately developed, flat with margins often turned slightly down or up. Anus much closer to pelvic disk than to anal-fin origin.</p> <p>Principal caudal-fin rays 11–13 (11; Table 1), dorsal procurrent rays 2, ventral procurrent rays 1–2 (1). Membrane of posterior dorsal-fin rays attached to caudal fin 35.6–56.8 (51.4) % CL; posterior anal-fin rays, 37.0–75.0 (62.5) % CL.</p> <p>Skin thin, fragile, prickles tiny, in patches, apparently easily lost; bumps absent. Pyloric caeca seven, thick, length about 35% HL.</p> <p>Vertebrae 53–57 (55), 10–11 (10) precaudal, 43–47 (45) caudal (Table 1). Pleural ribs 2–3, present on vertebrae 9–10 or 8–10, anteriormost short and slender, those more posterior long and slender. Hypural plate composed of dorsal and ventral plates divided by split about 50% length of plate. Single epural present.</p> <p>The largest specimen examined was a 60.0 mm ripe female (UW 200025). The smallest female with yolked eggs was 43.5 mm (UW 200033). The largest male examined was 47.5 mm (UW 49434); no males examined had enlarged, swollen testes.</p> <p> <i>Coloration.—</i> In life, body pale, mostly translucent, small white spots over head to nape, faint darker pigment scattered internally over posterior part of body (Fig. 1C). Flash of white covering belly from pectoral fin base to near anal-fin origin. Pectoral fins unpigmented, translucent; pelvic disc white; median fins translucent, rays with faint pigment. Iris brassy. Peritoneum and orobranchial cavity pale; stomach, intestines, pyloric caeca, and urogenital papilla pale. When preserved, body uniformly pale with scattered fine dark speckling (Fig. 2C).</p> <p> <i> <i>Distribution.—</i> Careproctus lacrima</i> has been collected only in the Aleutian Islands, from off Kiska Island (176.88E) to north of Amukta Island (171.38W) at depths of 90–207 m (Fig. 4).</p> <p> <i>Etymology.—</i> The specific epithet refers to the translucent and tear-drop shaped body. It is derived from the Latin <i>lacrima</i> for tear or teardrop to be treated as a noun in apposition.</p>Published as part of <i>Orr, James Wilder, 2021, Three New Small Snailfishes of the Genus Careproctus (Teleostei: Cottiformes: Liparidae) from the Aleutian Islands, Alaska, pp. 456-466 in Ichthyology & Herpetology 109 (2)</i> on pages 463-464, DOI: 10.1643/i2020127, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/7846827">http://zenodo.org/record/7846827</a>
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