58 research outputs found
Sound of Silence: Determinants of tinnitus in a population based study Berthe Cornélie Oosterloo
No full textSound of Silence:Determinants of tinnitus in a population based study Berthe Cornélie Oosterloo
No full textValues and Design
No full textIt has long been recognized that technology is value-laden. In the last few decades, a number of approaches—such as value sensitive design (VSD)—have been developed to systematically and explicitly address values in design. This contribution discusses four general issues that any approach aiming at integrating values into design should address: (1) what values are, and how to identify the values that should be integrated into a particular design; (2) the conceptualization, operationalization and specification of values which is required to make values operational in the design process; (3) issues of conflicting values and possible ways to address them; (4) the possibility of value change and options to address it during design.This publication is part of the project ValueChange that has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 788321. Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Ethics & Philosophy of Technolog
A Fair Approach to Flooding
No full textFloods can be some of the most unexpected and devastating natural phenomena. Reducing their risks everywhere is near impossible, whether due to financial reasons or more physical obstacles. Dr Neelke Doorn at Delft University of Technology is working to improve policies related to water, with the aim of achieving a better distribution of flood-related risks and benefits between different countries and individuals, while limiting adverse environmental consequences.Ethics & Philosophy of Technolog
Distributing responsibilities for safety from flooding
No full textIn today’s society, safety from flooding is no longer the sole responsibility of the central government. In recent decades, we have witnessed a governance turn in flood risk management, in which private parties as well as regional and local governmental bodies have a role to play. As a result, the question of how to distribute the responsibilities among the actors involved has become urgent. We often want distribution to be efficient and effective as well as fair. This paper presents a preliminary review of the literature on responsibility in flood risk management. The results suggests that it is important that fairness is taken into account when distributing responsibility in flood risk management. Not only does the distribution of responsibility impact how the risks and burdens themselves are distributed, allocating responsibility to individual citizens without considering the perceived fairness of the responsibility ascription may have a negative influence on the legitimacy of flood risk arrangements and lead to resistance among individual citizens to take action
Discrimination of degrees of auditory performance from the digits-in-noise test based on hearing status
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Responsibility Ascriptions in Technology Development and Engineering: Three Perspectives
No full textIn the last decades increasing attention is paid to the topic of responsibility in technology development and engineering. The discussion of this topic is often guided by questions related to liability and blameworthiness. Recent discussions in engineering ethics call for a reconsideration of the traditional quest for responsibility. Rather than on alleged wrongdoing and blaming, the focus should shift to more socially responsible engineering, some authors argue. The present paper aims at exploring the different approaches to responsibility in order to see which one is most appropriate to apply to engineering and technology development. Using the example of the development of a new sewage water treatment technology, the paper shows how different approaches for ascribing responsibilities have different implications for engineering practice in general, and R&D or technological design in particular. It was found that there was a tension between the demands that follow from these different approaches, most notably between efficacy and fairness. Although the consequentialist approach with its efficacy criterion turned out to be most powerful, it was also shown that the fairness of responsibility ascriptions should somehow be taken into account. It is proposed to look for alternative, more procedural ways to approach the fairness of responsibility ascriptions.Engineering and ReflectionTechnology, Policy and Managemen
A Rawlsian Approach to Distribute Responsibilities in Networks
No full textDue to their non-hierarchical structure, socio-technical networks are prone to the occurrence of the problem of many hands. In the present paper an approach is introduced in which people’s opinions on responsibility are empirically traced. The approach is based on the Rawlsian concept of Wide Reflective Equilibrium (WRE) in which people’s considered judgments on a case are reflectively weighed against moral principles and background theories, ideally leading to a state of equilibrium. Application of the method to a hypothetical case with an artificially constructed network showed that it is possible to uncover the relevant data to assess a consensus amongst people in terms of their individual WRE. It appeared that the moral background theories people endorse are not predictive for their actual distribution of responsibilities but that they indicate ways of reasoning and justifying outcomes. Two ways of ascribing responsibilities were discerned, corresponding to two requirements of a desirable responsibility distribution: fairness and completeness. Applying the method triggered learning effects, both with regard to conceptual clarification and moral considerations, and in the sense that it led to some convergence of opinions. It is recommended to apply the method to a real engineering case in order to see whether this approach leads to an overlapping consensus on a responsibility distribution which is justifiable to all and in which no responsibilities are left unfulfilled, therewith trying to contribute to the solution of the problem of many hands.Values and TechnologyTechnology, Policy and Managemen
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