10 research outputs found
Aspects of critical spin 1 chains and 2 dimensional symmetry protected topological phases of matter
No full textEffective field theory is a very useful technique for understanding quantum many body systems. We use this approach to study a certain class of critical quantum spin-1 chains and symmetry protected topological phases of matter in two spatial dimensions.
In the first context we consider the SU(3) symmetric spin-1 chain with additional interactions. We use bosonization to demonstrate that the effective field theories describing the critical behaviour of these spin chains can be mapped to free compact boson conformal field theories (CFTs) with central charge c=2. We also describe how some predictions from field theory can be verified in numerical calculations using exact diagonalization (ED) and the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) algorithm. In particular, the bosonization method gives a formula for the evolution of four Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid (TLL) parameters as a function of the lattice parameters. Using the analytic formulae for the scaling dimensions in terms of the TLL parameters and matching of lowest scaling dimensions, we numerically calculate these field-theoretic parameters and confirm that their evolution agrees with the prediction using bosonization.
We also tackle aspects of the challenging problem of understanding interacting topological phases. In this context, we aim to understand the effects if interactions in certain classes of symmetry protected topological (SPT) phases of matter. We consider non-chiral SPT phases in two spatial dimensions protected by a discrete symmetry such as Z_K or Z_K x Z_K symmetry. We argue that modular invariance/noninvariance of the partition function of the one-dimensional edge theory can be used to diagnose whether, by adding a suitable potential, the edge theory can be gapped or not without breaking the symmetry. By taking bosonic phases described by Chern-Simons K-matrix theories and fermionic phases relevant to topological superconductors as examples, we demonstrate explicitly that when modular invariance is achieved, we can construct an interaction potential that is consistent with the symmetry and can completely gap out the edge.
We also briefly discuss preliminary results of a numerical approach for simulating the 3 dimensional Landau Level problem. This includes a brief description of a potential application of variational Monte Carlo to spin-orbit coupled ab initio systems.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2018-05-01The student, Olabode Sule, accepted the attached license on 2016-02-02 at 18:25.The student, Olabode Sule, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2016-02-02 at 18:39.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2016-02-03 at 13:28.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #9061 on 2016-07-07 at 13:48:12Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-07T20:26:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3
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Previous issue date: 2016-02-03Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 93068
Lift date: 2018-07-07T20:28:14Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemEmbargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 93068
Lift date: 2018-07-07T20:35:34Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemU of I Only Restriction Lifted for Item 93068 on 2018-07-08T09:15:23Z
Structure-based design synthesis of functionalized 3-(5-(s-phenyl)-4H-pyrazol-3-yl)-2H-chromen-2-one motifs and indigenous plant extracts and their antimalarial potential
No full textForeign Aid and Poverty level in West African Countries: New evidence using a heterogeneous panel analysis
No full textABSTRACT This paper re-examines the effects of different types of foreign aid on poverty level in 8 Wes
In my mother’s house: African women poets and radical translation of négritude
No full textThis dissertation rethinks négritude poetics from African women’s perspectives. Emerging from Black intellectual engagements in the interwar period in France as a response to global antiblack racism, négritude has come under fierce criticism for its supposed essentialism and reductive definition of Black and African culture and identity. Despite recent intellectual efforts to rethink négritude as a critique of colonial modernity, critics are yet to study African women’s articulations of the poetics. "In My Mother’s House" offers new interpretations of négritude by situating the discourse at the intersection of comparative poetics, feminist, postcolonial, and decolonial thoughts. This dissertation argues that African women writers reconceive the Black poetics to articulate feminist and decolonial visions of life. It examines twentieth- and twenty-first-century African women’s poetic texts in multiple languages (English, French, and Portuguese) and locations (Senegal, São Tomé and Príncipe, and Nigeria) by combining critical, historical, and cultural analysis with archival research. Its interdisciplinary and comparative approach to négritude explodes the colonial boundaries implicitly orienting the familiar paradigms of African/world literary studies by transgressing the linguistic and geographical divide between the fields of Anglophone, Francophone, and Lusophone Africa. In four chapters, this border-crossing work explores how selected African women poets unsettle the dominant androcentric and francocentric formation of négritude discourse by challenging the colonial and gender limits of its anticolonial imagination. The first chapter on gender and genre challenges the racialized masculinization of the poetic genre by illuminating how Phillis Wheatley’s poetry encodes a critique of the coloniality of poetic knowledge. A figure outside the historical period engaged in this project, Wheatley is a foundational transnational African female figure whose life and work allow us to think about the relation of poetry, patronage, authorship, and epistemic translation to race, class, and gender. Critical reflection on this relation raises the question of the social imaginary legitimizing Black masculinity in négritude discourse and the implications it has on African women’s knowledge production. The remaining chapters move through Anglophone, Lusophone, and Francophone geographies of négritude poetics, analyzing how African women poets recalibrate the concepts of the mother (Ifi Amadiume and Catherine Acholonu), the cry (Alda Espírito Santo and Maria Manuela Margarido), and rhythm (Annette Mbaye d’Erneville and Ndèye Coumba Mbengue Diakhaté) as they redefine the terms of négritude discourse. This transnational, transcultural, and multilingual inquiry into African feminist articulations of négritude concludes that women’s poetry interrogates the patriarchal problem of the discourse and redefines its liberation project through a radical critique of the multiple and intersectional violence on Black/African life.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical reference
Evaluation of Plasmodium falciparum K13 gene polymorphism and susceptibility to dihydroartemisinin in an endemic area
No full textAsia, and its reduced sensitivity has been reported in other regions. This study aims to determine
parasite susceptibility to the bioactive form of artemisinin derivatives- dihydroartemisinin (DHA)-,
and to detect the K13 polymorphism in isolates from an endemic area of Nigeria. Methods: Ex-vivo
response in 55 parasites isolates obtained from malaria-positive patients were exposed to pulseDHA
concentration and cultured for 66 hours ex-vivo. Parasite ring stage survival (RSAex-vivo) relative to
unexposed matched control was determined by microscopy, and parasite growth was compared
using Mann-Whitney U-test at a significance level of P<0.05. The Kelch propeller gene was amplified
using specific primers, then sequenced and analyzed for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs),
which were compared to reference PF3D7_1343700. Results: Overall, 151 of 375 (40.2%) individuals
were positive during the study period. In 55 selected isolates, there was increased growth in
unexposed wells but growth was inhibited in DHA-exposed wells, with growth rate between 14.9 –
96.7%. The mean RSAex-vivo value was 0.18 � 0.09%, 95% CI (0.15-0.20). There was no significant mutation
of the K13 gene in the parasite isolates evaluated. Conclusions: Plasmodium falciparum isolates
from this endemic area show high sensitivity to dihydroartemisinin ex-vivo, with no mutations
conferring artemisinin resistance. Continuous monitoring of parasite susceptibility to artemisinin
combination drugs should be intensified to reduce chances of artemisinin resistance in endemic
area
Structure-Based Design Synthesis of Functionalized 3-(5-(s- Phenyl)-4H-pyrazol-3-yl)-2H-chromen-2-one Motifs and Indigenous Plant Extracts and Their Antimalarial Potential
No full textResistance of the malaria parasite to conventional therapeutic agents calls for increased efforts in antimalarial
drug discovery. Current efforts should be targeted at developing safe and affordable new agents to counter the spread of
malaria parasites that are resistant to existing therapy. In this study, toxicological and in vivo antiplasmodial properties of
3-(5-(s-phenyl)-4H-pyrazol-3-yl)-42H-chromen-2, Mangifera indica and Tithonia diversifolia in swiss albino mice
models, Musmusculus were investigated. 2H-Chromen-2-one also known as coumarin is highly privileged oxygencontaining
heterocyclic entity which are present in plant kingdom as secondary metabolites. The maceration technique of
crude drug extraction was employed using cold water extraction. Toxicological analysis was carried out using Lorke’s
method for acute toxicity testing while the chemosuppressive activity was carried out using Peter’s four day test on early
infection. We also report the synthesis of functionalized 3-(5-(s-phenyl)-4H-pyrazol-3-yl)-2H-chromen-2-one motifs via
microwave assisted synthetic approach and isolation of indigenous plant extract in order to investigate their antimalarial
efficacy. The condensation reaction of 3-acetylcoumarin with various benzaldehyde derivatives resulted in the formation
of 3-[3-acryloyl]-2H-chromen-2-one which was subsequently reaction the hydrazine hydrate via microwave assisted
hydrazinolysis to afford the targeted 3-(5-(s-phenyl)-4H-pyrazol-3-yl)-2H-chromen-2-one motifs. The chemical structures
were confirmed by analytical data and spectroscopic means such as FT-IR, UV, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and DEPT-135. The
microwave assisted reaction was remarkably successful and gave targeted 3-(5-(s-phenyl)-4H-pyrazol-3-yl)-2H-chromen-
2-one motifs in higher yields at lesser reaction time compared to conventional heating method. The LD50 of the aqueous
extracts of the leaves and stem bark Mangifera indica was established to be ± 707.11 mg/kg b.w., p.o. (body weight,
administered orally) in mice. Tithonia diversifolia aqueous leaf extracts is non-toxic at doses as high as 1000 mg/kg while
the LD50 of the ethanolic leaf extracts was established to be ± 707.11 mg/kg b.w., p.o. in mice. The in vivo antiplasmodial
activity was studied in chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium berghei berghei - NK65 infected mice. All the plant extracts, at
the doses (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w., p.o.) used, produced significant (p 80%
inhibition of parasitaemia at maximum dose) against the parasite in the suppressive tests. The in vitro antimalarial
screening of the synthesized compounds is presently on-going and the finding will be reported in due course
Artificial neural network-based home energy management system for smart homes
No full textEnergy efficiency is widely recognized as one of the most significant and economical ways to lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The aims and goals are that smart meters can evaluate and communicate in-depth real-time electricity usage, enable remote real-time monitoring and management of power consumption, and provide consumers with real-time pricing and analyzed usage information. The house energy management controller decides which loads will be powered based on the real home energy demands and the predefined load priorities. Artificial intelligence (AI) is being used increasingly in control applications due to its great effectiveness and efficiency. As a result, in this work, the author designed, simulated, and optimized an artificial neural network-based model simulation framework that simulates a home with a variety of home appliances and optimizes the total energy consumption of the home realistically through intelligent control of home appliances. The MATLAB application was used to model and examine the performance of four common household appliances: the water heater (WH), washing machine (WM), air conditioner (AC), and refrigerator (RG). The result shows a considerable reduction and savings in energy consumption without a decrease in consumer comfort
Author Correction: Microbially induced potassium enrichment in Paleoproterozoic shales and implications for reverse weathering on early Earth
No full textErratum: The Cancer Genome Atlas Comprehensive Molecular Characterization of Renal Cell Carcinoma (Cell Reports (2018) 23(1) (313–326.e5) (S2211124718304364) (10.1016/j.celrep.2018.03.075))
No full text(Cell Reports 23, 313–326; April 3, 2018) In the originally published version of this article, the author list contained two errors. Specifically, David J. Kwiatkowski was misspelled as David J. Kwaitkowski, and William Y. Kim was inadvertently written as William T. Kim. Both names have been corrected online. The authors regret this error
The Immune Landscape of Cancer (Immunity (2018) 48 (812–832), (S1074-7613(18)30121-3), (10.1016/j.immuni.2018.03.023))
No full text(Immunity 48, 812–830.e1–e14; April 17, 2018) In the originally published version of this article, the authors neglected to include Younes Mokrab and Aaron M. Newman as co-authors and misspelled the names of authors Charles S. Rabkin and Ilya Shmulevich. The author names have been corrected here and online. In addition, the concluding sentence of the subsection “Immune Signature Compilation” in the Method Details in the original published article was deemed unclear because it did not specify differences among the gene set scoring methods. The concluding sentences now reads “Gene sets from Bindea et al., Senbabaoglu et al., and the MSigDB C7 collection were scored using single-sample gene set enrichment (ssGSEA) analysis (Barbie et al., 2009), as implemented in the GSVA R package (Hänzelmann et al., 2013). All other signatures were scored using methods found in the associated citations.
