3 research outputs found
The role of introspection in research and historical explanations
No full textIn historical research, the primary responsibility of the researcher is to scrutinize, analyze, critique, and assess documents; this process enables the researcher to establish credibility and confidently elucidate historical facts. To assess the veracity and validity of documents and historical events, commence with this discourse: Is the document pertinent to the event or not? Is there a risk that it is counterfeit? The researcher must juxtapose the document with additional papers and historical evidence. This strategy enables the researcher to comprehend historical information. This research aims to elucidate the significance of in-depth observation in historical inquiry and analysis. This research demonstrates that in elucidating historical facts and utilizing them as evidence of previous occurrences, the significance of comprehensive analysis and data evaluation is paramount. This strategy facilitates a deeper comprehension of historical events and enhances the understanding of contemporary occurrences. Historical study enhances comprehension by examining material pertaining to habits, cultures, traditions, and prior practices
Tala Tepe Jawzjan is the Forgotten Ancient Site of Afghanistan
No full textThe Golden Treasure of Bakhtar is the most valuable historical treasure of Afghanistan and one of the souvenirs of the era of Western Greece. In 1978, Victor Sarianidi, the famous Soviet archaeologist, and his team started their excavations on top of Talatepe, Jawzjan province. As a result of this research, they found the world\u27s biggest treasure after 2000 years of obscurity. The findings of this research show that this ancient and historical area is the legacy of the Western Greek and Kushan eras. Analyzes show that Afghanistan\u27s security situation was in a very critical state during the Soviet archaeologists\u27 research; Victor Sarianidi was able to, with this emergency, continue his research, which shows the commitment and good sense of an archaeologist. The purpose of this research is to investigate the current situation of the ancient and historical area of Talatpe, Jawzjan. The findings of this research show that atmospheric and climatic changes have caused the collapse of this historical area and if serious attention is not paid to it, we will witness the complete destruction of this historical area in the earliest time. It should be mentioned that the Tala Tepe area is located near the irrigated agricultural lands, and besides other problems of this area, it is also under the threat of flooding. In the research of this article, the methods of comparison, logical historical analysis, copying and field have been done
Assessing drought in Turkish basins through satellite observations
No full textDrought occurs when there is a sustained decrease in rainfall over an extended period, impacting the socio-cultural and environmental aspects of humans and other living beings. The geographic distribution and timing of droughts play a crucial role in drought management and mitigation strategies. Identifying and predicting the onset of droughts in specific regions, especially in watershed areas, is a primary concern in the field of hydrology. This study focuses on how the spatiotemporal patterns of drought are developing in Turkish Basins using detailed data on Terrestrial Water Storage (TWS), precipitation, and temperature at the pixel level. GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment), PERSIANN (Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks), and WorldClim (World Climate) data sets are employed to assess long-term changes of drought on a basin-scale. Spatial analyses are conducted in a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment for the derivation of basinal monthly mean, minimum, and maximum statistics of TWS, precipitation, and temperature anomalies within Turkish Basins. Time series analyses are implemented to investigate the temporal evolution of droughts in these basins, for the basinal monthly mean, minimum, and maximum statistics obtained. The Mann-Kendall trend test and Pettitt change point detection tests are used to assess the statistical significance of the calculated trends and to expose the existence of any change point therein, respectively. The findings of the study indicate that Turkiye faces a significant risk of drought development in nearly all its basins, particularly after 2016. The GRACE dataset provides realistic insights into the temporal behaviour of hydrological droughts. PERSIANN is effective in identifying years with extreme meteorological conditions, and the standardized precipitation index (SPI) shows similar effectiveness, while they are ineffective in exposing significant trends due to the nature of the precipitation data. WorldClim data proves insufficient for modelling the temporal behaviour of droughts in these basins. This study examines drought patterns in Turkish basins using GRACE, PERSIANN, and WorldClim datasets. Results indicate significant drought risk in most basins, especially after 2016. GRACE offers insights into hydrological droughts, PERSIANN identifies extreme meteorological conditions, and SPI shows similar effectiveness. However, WorldClim data lacks adequacy for drought modelling. imageThe authors would like to thank and acknowledge Hashmatullah Kaihan for his contribution under the effort of his Master's Thesis supervised by the first author
