149 research outputs found
The New Institutional Economics Approach to Economic Development: A Discussion of Social, Political, Legal, and Economic Institutions
No full textImpulsive Response of Cantilever Beams
No full textTitle: Impulsive Response of Cantilever Beams, Author: Azfar Saeed, Location: ThodeThis thesis describes the analytical and experimental study of cantilever beams subjected to impulse at their tips. Tests were conducted on four beam specimens. These tests were carried out for the purpose of investigating the validity of the theory as presented in this thesis.ThesisMaster of Engineering (ME
Industry growth and capital allocation: Does having a market- or bank-based system matter?.
No full text[Dataset available: http://hdl.handle.net/10411/12979]
What Determines Corruption? International Evidence from Micro Data
No full textThis paper utilizes a micro-level data set from 49 countries to address three issues: What determines corruption at the individual level? What determines the perception of the extent of corruption in the country? Does corruption have a direct impact on growth when the quality of the institutions are controlled for? In addition, the paper creates a direct measure of corruption which portrays the extent of corruption as revealed byindividuals who live in those countries. The results show that both personal and country characteristics determine the risk of exposure to bribery. Examples are gender, wealth, education, marital status, the city size, the legal origin of the country, the existence of uninterrupted democracy, a war between 1960s and 1980s, and the strength of the institutions in the country (measured by the risk of expropriation). The second part of the paper shows that controlling for endogeneity of corruption and institutional quality, actual corruption in the country and the proportion of the bribes asked by various government agencies have no direct impact on corruption perception. On the other hand, an improvement in the quality of institutions lowers the perception of corruption. The final section of the paper shows that controlling for the quality of the institutions, corruption does not have a direct impact on growth. Keeping constant the geographical location of the country, the legal origin, religious composition, the presence of a war, the federal status, initial education and income as well as the extent of corruption in the country, a one-half standard deviation increase in the quality of institutions (e.g. from the level of Indonesia to the level of India), generates an additional 0.7 percentage point increase in the average annual per capita GDP growth.
The Impact of Gender Inequality in Education and Employment on Economic Growth in Developing Countries: Updates and Extensions
No full textUsing cross-country and panel regressions, we investigate to what extent gender gaps in education and employment (proxied using gender gaps in labor force participation) reduce economic growth. Using most recent data and investigating a long time period (1960-2000), we update the results of previous studies on education gaps on growth and extend the analysis to employment gaps using panel data. We find that gender gaps in education and employment significantly reduce economic growth. The combined ‘costs’ of education and employment gaps in Middle East and North Africa and South Asia amount respectively to 0.9-1.7 and 0.1- 1.6 percentage point differences in growth compared to East Asia. Gender gaps in employment appear to have an increasing effect on economic growth differences between regions, with the Middle East and North Africa and South Asia suffering from slower growth in female employment.gender inequality, growth, education, employment, discrimination
Which incentives work? An experimental analysis of incentives for trainers
No full textOne conjecture in the theory of incentives is that incentives based on broader outcomes may be better at motivating agents than incentives based on narrow measures. We designed an experiment to test these hypotheses using a ""prospective randomized evaluation procedure"" (PREP). We then apply PREP to training programs as typically funded by donors of economic development assistance. We randomly assigned 274 participating entrepreneurs in the Philippines to one of 26, simultaneous, one-day, training classes in marketing. Trainers were given cash incentives based on the average score of their ""students"" on a standardized test containing an alternative number of questions, which were randomly assigned to each class. We then examined outcomes based on student satisfaction ratings of the trainer. Our results suggest that incentives based on broad outcomes are more effective than incentives based on narrow outcomes. We conclude with ways to improve our approach as well as with a discussion of the implications for using prospective randomized evaluation for improving the evaluation of donor projects.randomized trials, project evaluation, teacher incentives, aid effectiveness
Stock Markets, Banks, and Growth: Panel Evidence
No full textThis paper investigates the impact of stock markets and banks on economic growth using a panel data set for the period 1976-98 and applying recent GMM techniques developed for dynamic panels. On balance, we find that stock markets and banks positively influence economic growth and these findings are not due to potential biases induced by simultaneity, omitted variables or unobserved country-specific effects.
Stock markets, banks and growth: Panel evidence.
No full text[Dataset available: http://hdl.handle.net/10411/12893]
Bank-based and market-based financial systems - cross-country comparisons
No full textWhat are the relative advantages and disadvantages of bank-based financial systems (as in Germany and Japan) and market-based financial systems (as in England and the United States). Does financial structure matter? In bank-based systems banks play a leading role in mobilizing savings, allocating capital, overseeing the investment decisions of corporate managers, and providing risk management vehicles. In market-based systems securities markets share center stage with banks in getting society's savings to firms, exerting corporate control, and easing risk management. The unresolved debate about whether markets or bank-based intermediaries are more effectiveat providing financial services hampers the formation of sound policy advice. The authors use newly collected data on a cross-section of roughly 150 countries to illustrate how financial systems differ around the world. They a) analyze how the size, activity, and efficiency of financial systems differ across different per capita income groups; b) define different indicators of financial structure and identify different patterns as countries become richer, and c) investigate legal, regulatory, and policy determinants of financial structure after controlling for per capita GDP. A clear pattern emerges: 1) Banks, other financial intermediaries, and stock markets all grow and become more active and efficient as countries become richer. As income grows, the financial sector develops. 2) In higher income countries, stock markets become more active and efficient than banks. Thus, financial systems tend to be more market based. 3) Countries with a common law tradition, strong protection for shareholder rights, good accounting standards, low levels of corruption, and no explicit deposit insurance tend to be more market-based, even after controlling for income. 4) Countries with a French civil law tradition, poor accounting standards, heavily restricted banking systems, and high inflation generally tend to have underdeveloped financial systems, even after controlling for income.Payment Systems&Infrastructure,Banks&Banking Reform,Economic Theory&Research,International Terrorism&Counterterrorism,Financial Intermediation,Financial Intermediation,Environmental Economics&Policies,Banks&Banking Reform,Economic Theory&Research,Financial Economics
Combination thrombolytic therapy and percutaneous coronary intervention: the future for revascularisation for acute myocardial infarction?
No full textIt seems theoretically sound to consider rescue percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with failed thrombolysis. However, randomised controlled data in this setting are limited. In this brief review we will present those trials analysing the role of rescue PCI in patients with acute myocardial infarction and failed thrombolysis, and consider appropriate management strategies in this setting.Stephen G. Worthley, H. M. Omar Farouque, Azfar G. Zaman, and Ian T. Meredit
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