93 research outputs found
Performance evaluation of forwarding algorithms for generalized storage aware routing protocols
No full textThis thesis presents an investigation of the design and evaluation of the generalized storage aware routing (GSTAR) protocol proposed for use in the MobilityFirst future Internet architecture. The GSTAR protocol uses in-network storage to improve service quality and throughput in wireless access networks with varying radio link quality and/or disconnection. These gains are achieved using a combination of short-term buffering at routers to smooth out fluctuations in path quality along with delay-tolerant storage, to overcome total disconnection of the mobile device. The performance of the GSTAR protocol is evaluated for exemplary wireless access network scenarios using ns-3 based simulation models, and key design parameters are investigated. Each node in GSTAR maintains two kinds of topology information. The intra-partition graph contains information about path quality between nodes in the current partition of the network. The path quality is determined using two metrics: short term and long term expected transmission time (SETT and LETT). Every node compares these two metrics using the store/forward decision threshold and stores the data on finding that the path is degraded with the expectation that it may improve in the future. Inter-partition graph gives a probabilistic view of the connection patterns between nodes in the network. It is used in the event of disconnections or partitions. An ns-3 based simulation model is described which includes nodes with storage, hop-by-hop transport, time-varying wireless channels and mobile users with possible disconnection. The model is used to evaluate different forwarding algorithms in GSTAR. Using a baseline threshold scheme where packets are temporarily stored when SETT > 1.1 * LETT, it is shown that the resulting system achieves performance improvements over the baseline with no storage. The threshold algorithm is studied further to consider adaptive settings based on the moving average and other temporal filters of the SETT sequence. The results show that if link quality fluctuations are random, the moving average scheme works well, while an exponentially weighted moving average is recommended for on-off channels with periodic outages. Simulation results are provided in each case, showing the benefit of adaptive threshold settings over the baseline non-adaptive case considered in earlier work.M.S.Includes bibliographical referencesby Nehal Soman
Effect of Valsartan on Renal Marker, Nitrite and Histopathology of Kidney in Ischemia/Reperfusion Induced Renal Damage in Diabetic Rats
No full textPresent study was designed to evaluate the effect of Valsartan on renal marker, nitrite and histopathology of kidney in Ischemia/reperfusion induced renal damage in diabetic rats. Ischemia/reperfusion injury, which is commonly seen in the field of renal surgery or transplantation in diabetic condition, is a major cause of acute renal failure. Type 2 Diabetes was induced in rats by a single intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of Streptozotocin (65 mg/kg, STZ) in overnight fasting rats followed by the i.p administration of Nicotinamide (110 mg/kg, NIC) after 15 minutes. After right nephrectomy, Valsartan (8 mg/kg/day, p.o) was administered for 15 days. On the 16th day, ischemia was induced in contra lateral kidney for 45 min, followed by reperfusion for 24 hr. Renal function marker and histopathology were estimated at the end of 24 hr reperfusion. At the end of experimental period the level of nitrite in kidney tissue, serum marker Albumin and Blood urea nitrogen were significantly changed. Valsartan improved the renal dysfunction and nitrite after renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in diabetic rats. Light microscopic evaluation of the kidneys of the diabetic rats with I/R only showed tubular cell swelling, interstitial edema, tubular dilatation, and moderate to severe necrosis, whereas, Valsartan improve tubular dilation, loss of interstitial hemorrhage, and glomerular atrophy. In conclusion, Valsartan as a beneficial agent on renal marker, nitrite and histopathology of kidney in Ischemia/reperfusion induced renal damage in diabetic rats. -------------------------------------------------------------------Pharmacology Department, Dharmaj Degree Pharmacy College, Petlad-Khambhat Road, Dharmaj, Anand-388430, Gujarat, India*Corresponding author, Email: [email protected], Tel: +919825882522Â Cite This Article As: Jagdish Kakadiya, Nehal Shah. 2010. Effect of Valsartan on Renal Marker, Nitrite and Histopathology of Kidney in Ischemia/Reperfusion Induced Renal Damage in Diabetic Rats. J. Ecobiotechnol. 2(3): 12-17
Cellular and molecular investigations of the adhesion and mechanics of Listeria monocytogenes
No full textThesis (Ph.D.), Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State UniversityAtomic force microscopy has been used to quantify the adherence and mechanical properties of an array of L. monocytogenes strains and their surface biopolymers. First, eight L. monocytogenes strains that represented the two major lineages of the species were compared for their adherence and mechanics at cellular and molecular levels. Our results indicated that strains of lineage' II were characterized by higher adhesion and Young's moduli, longer and more rigid surface biopolymers and lower specific and nonspecific forces when compared to lineage' I strains. Additionally, adherence and mechanical properties of eight L. monocytogenes epidemic and environmental strains were probed. Our results pointed to that environmental and epidemic strains representative of a given lineage were similar in their adherence and mechanical properties when investigated at a cellular level. However, when the molecular properties of the strains were considered, epidemic strains were characterized by higher specific and nonspecific forces, shorter, denser and more flexible biopolymers compared to environmental strains. Second, the role of environmental pH conditions of growth on the adhesion and mechanics of a pathogenic L. monocytogenes EGDe was investigated. Our results pointed to a transition in the adhesion energies for cells cultured at pH 7. In addition, when the types of molecular forces that govern the adhesion were quantified using Poisson statistical approach and using a new proposed method, specific hydrogen-bond energies dominated the bacterial adhesion process. Such a finding is instrumental to researchers designing methods to control bacterial adhesion. Similarly, bacterial cells underwent a transition in their mechanical properties. We have shown that cells cultured at pH 7 were the most rigid compared to those cultured in lower or higher pH conditions of growth. Due to transitions observed in adherence and mechanics when cells were cultured at pH 7, we hypothesized that adhesion and mechanics are correlated. To test this hypothesis, nonadhesive and adhesive models of contact mechanics were used to estimate Young's moduli. Our results indicated that the nonadhesive model of contact mechanics estimated 18 % more rigid bacterial cells. Our results thus point to the importance of considering molecular details when investigating bacterial adhesion and mechanics.Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State Universit
Effect of hesperidin on renal complication in experimentally induced renal damage in diabetic sprague dawley rats
No full textPresent study was designed to evaluate in effect of Hesperidine on renal complication in Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) induced renal damage in Sprague dawley diabetic rats. Hyperglycaemia is most probably a contributing factor in the development of ischaemic acute renal failure (ARF) in many patients. Both clinical and experimental data suggest that hyperglycaemia increases the risk of ARF. Type 2 Diabetes was induced in rats by a single intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of Streptozotocin (65 mg/kg, STZ) in overnight fasting rats followed by the i.p administration of Nicotinamide (110 mg/kg, NIC) after 15 minutes. After right nephrectomy, Hesperidine (100 mg/kg/day, p.o) was administered for 15 days. On the 16th day, ischemia was induced in contra lateral kidney for 45 min, followed by reperfusion for 24 hr. Renal function marker and oxidative parameter were estimated at the end of 24 hr reperfusion. At the end of experimental period the level of malondialdehyde formation/ lipid peroxidation (LPO) in kidney tissue and serum marker Creatinine, Urea and Uric acids were significantly increased. Whereas, the activity of biomarkers of oxidative stress such as reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were found to be decreased significantly compared to control rats. Hesperidine improved the renal dysfunction and oxidative stress after renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in diabetic rats. In conclusion, Hesperidine shows potent may improve renal complication in I/R induced renal damage in type 2 diabetic rats.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Pharmacology Department, Dharmaj Degree Pharmacy College, Petlad-Khambhat Road, Dharmaj, Anand-388430, Gujarat, India*Corresponding author, Email: [email protected]; Tel: +919825882522Cite This Article As: Jagdish Kakadiya, Divyang Patel, Nehal Shah. 2010. Effect of hesperidin on renal complication in experimentally induced renal damage in diabetic sprague dawley rats. J. Ecobiotechnol. 2(2): 45-50
Human rights in transition
No full textPublished: 07 May 2024This edited volume brings together leading scholars in international law and international human rights to reflect upon the future of human rights, but with a firm grounding in an assessment of the present and the (recent and distant) past. It is neither uniformly critical nor uniformly celebratory of the possible futures for human rights law and politics. It thus eschews the polarized and one-sided approach that can too easily dominate either side of the debate. The result is a very rich set of essays that delve deeply into specific topics in human rights law and practice, and work outwards from a rigorous analysis of the past and present, to an argument about how to think about the future. No author is overtly concerned with saving or damning the human rights enterprise. Instead, each combines critical analysis with sober reflection to provide a fertile point of view on the present from which intimations of the future can be discerned.-- 1 Recovering Social Rights -- 2 The Future of Social and Economic Rights -- 3 Mutual Trust and the Future of Fundamental Rights Protection in the EU's Compound Legal Order -- 4 Human Rights Connectivity and the Future of the Treaty Body System -- 5 Feminist Futures in Human Rights -- 6 Climate Pathways and the Future of Human Right
The ninth life of the alien torts statute : Kiobel and after
No full textThis essay introduces the Journal's symposium on the US Supreme Court decision in Kiobel et al. v. Royal Dutch Shell et al. It reflects on the broader political and historical context of the Kiobel decision, and suggests that the underlying legal and political controversies concerning the Alien Torts Statute expose the fault lines of late twentieth century debates in the United States concerning the US's role in the world, and it relationship with international law. The essay also considers the multiple instrumental uses of historical claims about the jus gentium in the majority and minority judgments in Kiobel, and suggests that both opinions (and supporting scholarship) overlook an important dimension of the late eighteenth century understanding of the law of nations. Finally, the author concludes with the suggestion that a key result of Kiobel is a heightened insularity of US courts from direct engagement with international law, and reduced contribution of the US legal system to the fabrication of the international legal order through the interpretation and application of international law norms
Drug Synergistic Effects of Coriandrum Sativum, Piperacillin, and Tazobactam Against Biofilms of Thioredoxin-a Protein Mutant Strains of Acinetobacter baumannii
No full textThe author has granted permission for their work to be available to the general public.Acinetobacter baumannii (AB) is responsible for most of nosocomial infections reported by CDC. AB contaminates hospital materials and causes infections of soft tissues. AB infections are treated with antibiotics. Unfortunately, AB's isolates are multidrug resistance (MDR) against antimicrobials; in part due to biofilm formation facilitated by the Thioredoxin (Trx) system. As such, biofilms of two wildtype (WT) and their Thioredoxin-A (ΔTrx-A) AB strains were quantified experimentally and predicted theoretically in the presence of three antibiotics; Coriandrum sativum (CS), piperacillin (PIP), and tazobactam (TAZ). Contact angles and electrophoretic mobilities were used to quantify bacterial surface tensions and surface potentials, respectively. Prior to any treatment, all strains were hydrophilic. Upon treatment with TAZ at minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), cells became hydrophobic. When the total energies acting between AB strains and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polystyrene latex (PSL), and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) were predicted, no energy barriers to interactions with PSL or PVC in the presence or absence of antibiotics were evident for all strains. In comparison, interactions were only favorable to PDMS in the absence of antibiotics. These findings clarify why AB can easily contaminate hospital materials. Experimentally, our results indicated that TAZ and TAZ-CS were largely effective against growth of AB through modulations to hydrophobicities, while treatment with PIP was ineffective. These findings suggest that TAZ should be explored as an antibiotic to be used individually against AB infections. Finally, the four investigated AB strains varied in all their properties and interactions, suggesting that antibiotic treatments should be optimized per strain.Biomedical Engineerin
Compressive Strength of Concrete Mixed and Cured with Different Ratios of Fresh and sea Water
No full textAbstract: By 2025, there will be insufficient drinking water according to a report of the world meteorological organization (WMO). In order to provide drinking water it was found that the use of seawater in the concrete industry was necessary. Researchers in the last decade’s findings have revealed some very important facts, but still it remains to be a dynamic subject for further study about the chemical deterioration of concrete for sea water used. This research presents an experimental study of the effect of sea water in concrete mixture, Totally 57 specimens (27cubes, 18cylinders, 12columns) where tested. The concrete cubes were going to be cured for 7, 28 and 96 days. The cubes were divided into three groups, group (A) concrete is mixed and cured in fresh water (FF). Group (B) was mixed and cured in seawater (SS), while group (C) mixed in fresh water and sea water (FS) by 50%. From the experimental results it was found that, The compressive strength in concrete mix B (SS) was higher than concrete which mix A (FF) and mix C (FS) by 31% and 7% at age 7 days, but at age 28 days the compressive strength in concrete mix A (FF) was higher than concrete which mix B (SS) and mix C (FS) by 4% and 10%, and at 96 days the compressive strength in concrete mix A (FF) was higher than concrete which mix B (SS) and mix C (FS) by 13% and 18%, due to the chloride contains tends to accelerate the setting of cement and may be due to salt crystallisation formation facing the strength gain.
Keywords: Columns; Sea water; Fresh water; GFRP-reinforced concrete; Fire, Compression behaviour.
Title: Compressive Strength of Concrete Mixed and Cured with Different Ratios of Fresh and sea Water
Author: Magdy M.M. Genedy, Samy Akil Fawzy, Girgis Jacoup Ghattas, Nehal M. Ayash
International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research
ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)
Vol. 11, Issue 1, April 2023 - September 2023
Page No: 1-7
Research Publish Journals
Website: www.researchpublish.com
Published Date: 15-April-2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830766
Paper Download Link (Source)
https://www.researchpublish.com/papers/compressive-strength-of-concrete-mixed-and-cured-with-different-ratios-of-fresh-and-sea-waterInternational Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research, ISSN 2348-7607 (Online), Research Publish Journals, Website: www.researchpublish.co
Correction to: Social and environmental determinants of child health in Mongolia across years of rapid economic growth: 2000–2010
No full textAbstract Unfortunately, after publication of this article [1], it was noticed that an error during the production process resulted in an incorrect author name. The author Semira Manaseki-Holland is incorrectly displayed as Semira Manaseki-Hollan. The full, corrected author list can be seen above
Propolis restored adiponectin level in type 2 diabetes through PPARγ activation
No full textAbstractAdipose tissue regulates insulin sensitivity via the circulating adipocytokines, leptin, resistin and adiponectin. Hypoadiponectinemia contributes to the development of obesity and related disorders such as diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we investigated the effects of Brazilian propolis on adiponectin levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the mechanism of signaling pathway was explored as well. T2DM was induced in male Wistar rats using high fat diet and low dose of streptozotocin (STZ, 35 mg/kg, i.p.). Propolis was administered by oral tubes. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) levels in sub abdominal adipose tissue, serum levels of adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and insulin were detected by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) in sub abdominal adipose tissue, fasting plasma glucose, plasma triglycerides and total cholesterol levels were measured by colorimetric method. Results showed that Brazilian propolis ameliorated hypoadiponectinemia in T2DM rats and relieved high glucose-induced adiponectin decrease. The signaling pathway analysis indicated that PPARγ regulation was involved. In conclusion, Brazilian propolis could have beneficial effect in T2DM by increasing tissue PPARγ levels, restoring serum adiponectin levels, enhancing insulin sensitivity and subsequently, attenuating elevated glucose level
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