90 research outputs found
AndrewBengsen/aerial_shoot_deer_release: Initial release
No full textData and code accompanying: Bengsen, A. J., Forsyth, D. M., Pople, A., Brennan, M., Amos, M., Leeson, M., Cox, T. E., Gray, B., Orgill, O., Hampton, J. O., Crittle, T. and Haebich, K. (in review). Effectiveness and costs of helicopter-based shooting of deer. Wildlife Research
AndrewBengsen/Helicopter-based-shooting-of-deer_revised
No full textData and code accompanying: Bengsen, A. J., Forsyth, D. M., Pople, A., Brennan, M., Amos, M., Leeson, M., Cox, T. E., Gray, B., Orgill, O., Hampton, J. O., Crittle, T. and Haebich, K. (2022). Effectiveness and costs of helicopter-based shooting of deer. Wildlife Research
Developing evidence-based plastic surgery: the role of research registration, protocols and reporting quality
No full textBACKGROUND: Evidence-based medicine has had a profound impact on healthcare. In the field of Plastic surgery, powerful examples include; less radical skin cancer excision margins and skin-sparing or even nipple-sparing mastectomies and microsurgical reconstruction. Sustained progression of the field, relies on the development of a high-quality evidence base, with strong use of peer-reviewed research protocols, which are publicly registered and completed studies transparently reported. The extent of compliance with these principles is currently unknown and the author hypothesised that it would be low. The author further hypothesised that registration could be improved by the development of a new global research registry and reporting quality can be improved by the mandatory implementation of reporting guidelines in a journal.
METHODS: This thesis incorporated 11 studies. The first two studies used a literature review to determine; the levels of evidence, rates of study registration and protocol publication in the recent Plastic Surgery literature. Thirdly, the design, build and launch of a new global research registry to boost compliance with registration and to determine barriers to it using a survey amongst users. This would be followed by systematic reviews to determine compliance with the STROBE and PRISMA guidelines respectively. An analysis of each guide for authors (GFA) of the surgical journals listed in the Thomson Reuters journal citation report for surgery to determine support for reporting guidelines. The impact of the mandatory implementation of reporting guidelines in a surgical journal would be assessed using a before and after design. Finally, to develop a reporting guideline for surgical case reports (SCARE) and surgical case series (PROCESS) using a DELPHI consensus exercise amongst an expert panel.
RESULTS: Protocols were registered in 4% of 595 recent research studies and 0.5% were published. There was a mean compliance of 12/22 for the STROBE guideline (n=94) and 16/27 for the PRISMA guideline (n=79). The Research Registry® was launched in February 2015. Analysis of the first 500 previously unregistered studies, showed they came from 57 countries and included 1.77 million patients. Key barriers to registration were a lack of awareness of the need to register and lack of time (n=149). In addition, 45% registered their study at the time of journal submission. The GFA analysis showed 62% didnât mention reporting guidelines at all (n=193). Subsequent mandatory implementation in a single surgical journal, increased compliance with STROBE by 12% (n=152), with CONSORT by 40% (n=13) and with PRISMA by 58% (n=28). The SCARE and PROCESS reporting guidelines were developed and published in late 2016. According to Google Scholar, they have accumulated over 200 citations at the time of writing.
CONCLUSION: Study registration, protocol use and reporting quality are poor in plastic surgery. Potential solutions to these long-standing problems have been developed and explored within this thesis. These include the development and use of the Research Registry® and the mandatory implementation of reporting guidelines, with both measures front-loaded within a gatekeeper framework for journals. It is now for Plastic Surgeons and the wider surgical community to pick up the gauntlet and drive forward high-quality research, evidence-based surgical practice and better outcomes for their patients and society at large.</p
Captain Cook's South Sea Island vocabularies. Edited By Peter A. Lanyon-Orgill. pp. xv, 287. London, the author, 1979.
No full textDelivery of nucleating materials to cloud systems from individual ground generators
No full textCER69-70LOG-JEC-MMO24.February 1968.Includes bibliographical references (pages 40-42).Presented to the Bureau of Reclamation Third Skywater Conference on the Production and Delivery of Cloud Nucleating Materials February 14-16, 1968.Delivery of nucleating materials to cloud systems from individual ground generators can play an important role in the beneficial modification of orographic cloud systems. Substantial evidence from the Colorado State University mountain study at Climax is presented to show that ground-released seeding materials do under some weather situations in fact enter the mountain cloud systems and produce changes in the precipitation. Evidence is also presented to show that under other weather situations seeding materials are not carried to the proper clouds at a place and time to be of value. A discussion of atmospheric transport mechanisms is presented to serve as a basis for understanding the motions of seeding materials once released from a ground source. The approaches, or directions, for further research are discussed. This includes consideration of the coagulation problem in the vicinity of the generator site. The use of wind tunnel modeling, which can provide basic information and specific results for specific areas, is emphasized
“The SCARE guidelines: Consensus-based surgical case report guidelines” [Int. J. Surg. 34 (2016) 180–186]((2016) 34 (180–186)(S174391911630303X)(10.1016/j.ijsu.2016.08.014))
No full textThe publisher regrets that there was an error in the author list of this paper. The members of the SCARE Group were not tagged as a collaborator group. This has now been corrected. The names of the collaborator group are as follows: Raafat Afifi, Cairo University Raha Al-Ahmadi, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre Joerg Albrecht, John H. Stroger Jr. Hospital of Cook County Abdulrahman Alsawadi, Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust Jeffrey Aronson, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford M. Hammad Ather, Aga Khan University Mohammad Bashashati, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Somprakas Basu, Banarus Hindu University Patrick Bradley, Nottingham University Hospitals Mushtaq Chalkoo, Hyderpora Ben Challacombe, Guy's and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust Trent Cross, James Cook University Laura Derbyshire, North West Deanery Naheed Farooq, Central Manchester University Hospital Foundation Trust Jerome Hoffman, University of California Los Angeles Huseyin Kadioglu, Bezmialem Vakif University Veeru Kasivisvanathan, University College London Boris Kirshtein, Soroka University Medical Center Roberto Klappenbach, Simplemente Evita Hospital Daniel Laskin, Virginia Commonwealth University Diana Miguel, University Hospital Jena James Milburn, Queens Medical Centre Seyed Reza Mousavi, Shohada Medical Center Tajrish Oliver Muensterer, University Medicine Mainz James Ngu, Changi General Hospital Iain Nixon, East Kent University Hospitals Ashraf Noureldin, Cumberland Royal Infirmary Benjamin Perakath, Dr. Gray's Hospital Nicholas Raison, King's College London Kandiah Raveendran, Fatimah Hospital Timothy Sullivan, Minneapolis Heart Institute Achilleas Thoma, McMaster University Mangesh Thorat, Wolfson Institue of Preventative Medicine, Queen Mary University of London Michele Valmasoni, Università di Padova Samuele Massarut, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico Aviano, Italy Anil D'cruz, Tata Memorial Hospital Baskaran Vasudevan, MIOT Hospitals Salvatore Giordano, Turku University Hospital Gaurav Roy, Medanta-The Medicity Donagh Healy, University Hospital Waterford David Machado-Aranda, University of Michigan Bryan Carroll, Eastern Virginia Medical School David Rosin, University of West IndiesThe publisher would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused
Real-world analogies for student understanding of abstract scientific concepts
No full textREAL-WORLD ANALOGIES FOR STUDENT UNDERSTANDING OF ABSTRACT SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS
Christopher A. Love
Presenting Author: Christopher A. Love ([email protected])
School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, Brisbane Qld 4111, Australia.
KEYWORDS: Real-world analogies, abstract concepts, visual learners
Problem
One of the challenges in biochemistry is that students have difficulty understanding many of the complex scientific concepts, especially as many concepts are abstract and thus difficult to comprehend or envisage. Making comparisons between known examples allows students to develop knowledge, applying what they already know, to developing an understanding of complex concepts (Orgill and Bodner, 2007).
Plan
To develop real-world analogies to enhance understanding of protein evolution and diversity in Protein Science (2005NSC), a second year course in biochemistry. Such analogies may aid in student understanding, by bridging the divide between known/familiar concepts and abstract biochemical concepts. Many analogies appear in textbooks, and the classic analogy used in biochemistry is the specific interaction between ligand and receptor represented as a ‘lock and key’. Analogies are designed for the comparison of a familiar domain (concepts familiar to students) and a less familiar domain (complex scientific concept) in order for students to clarify thinking, overcome misconceptions and visualise concepts (Orgill and Bodner, 2007). Biochemistry instructors frequently use analogies to help students construct and organize their own knowledge (Orgill et al., 2015), and it has been suggested that analogical reasoning should is an essential component of expert knowledge and skill competence, and should be part of the biochemistry curricula (Schönborn and Anderson, 2008). However, Brown and Salter (2010) has suggested that due care should be taken when designing analogies to ensure they are used as intended, to minimize misconceptions.
Action
Four everyday examples were designed to assist in explaining protein evolution and diversity. Figure 1 illustrates an analogy which relates the biological roles of isozymes to the functions of different bicycles. Others include relating divergent and convergent evolution of proteins to the evolution of mobile phones, and alternative splicing of RNA used to create similar proteins with slight variations in function compared to the components that make up a cordless drill with variation based on particular drill bit used. The impact of using real-world/common place examples to improve student understanding was evaluated by student survey.
Reflection
A survey to gage students’ perceptions of the real-world analogies was performed (94% response rate), and 89.4% (39.4 % strongly agreed & 50% agreed) of the respondents agreed that the real-world examples improved, supported or helped their understanding of these scientific concepts, and 86.4% agreed they would benefit from additional real-world analogies. Of the respondents, 43 provided comments, and three students stated that the examples helped because they were visual learners, with one student commenting, “they provide a relatable reference which makes it easier to visualise the concept.” Several students commented that the real-world examples helped their understanding of the science, for instance, “helped me understand the concept in simple terms, then I was able to refer to the scientific figures to get a better understanding of the concepts in scientific terms.” Many students commented that the real life examples gave ‘perspective’ or a ‘reference’ which they ‘relate to’ or ‘clarify’ the scientific concept (20 comments, 21%). Students also suggested the examples were helpful in reinforcing the concept. Asked in the survey if they could think of a non-scientific example to one of the concepts, 14 students (15%) provided examples. Students creating their own examples are evidence of higher level learning (Bloom, 1956; Anderson & Krathwohl, 2001). From a students’ perspective the real-world examples appear to have a positive effects on student learning although it will be interesting to see if this translates into improved performance when assessed formally.
Figure 1. An illustration showing the scientific concept related to a real-world example. This analogy compares different bicycles to different isozymes.
References
Anderson, L.W. & Krathwohld D.R. (2001). A Taxonomy for Learning, Teaching, and Assessing: A Revision of Bloom's Taxonomy of Educational Objectives. New York: Longman
Bloom, B.S. (1956) Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, the classification of educational goals – Handbook I: Cognitive Domain. New York: McKay
Brown, S. & Salter, S. (2010) Analogies in science and science teaching. Adv. Physiol. Educ. 34:167-169.
Orgill, M. & Bodner, G.M. (2007) Lock and keys: An analysis of biochemistry students’ use of analogies Biochem. Mol. Biol. Educ. 35:244-254.
Orgill, M., Bussey, T.J. & Bodner, G.M. (2015) Biochemistry instructor’s perceptions of analogies and their classroom use. Chem. Educ. Res. Prect. 16:731-746.
Schönborn, K.J. & Anderson, T.R. (2008) Bridging the educational research-teaching practice gap: conceptual understanding, Part 2: Assessing and developing student knowledge. Biochem. Mol. Biol. Educ. 36:372-379.
Proceedings of the Australian Conference on Science and Mathematics Education, The University of Queensland, Sept 28th to 30th, 2016, page X, ISBN Number 978-0-9871834-4-6
Continuous NPWT Regulates Fibrosis in Murine Diabetic Wound Healing
No full textScarring is associated with significant morbidity. The mechanical signaling factor yes-associated protein (YAP) has been linked to Engrailed-1 (En1)-lineage positive fibroblasts (EPFs), a pro-scarring fibroblast lineage, establishing a connection between mechanotransduction and fibrosis. In this study, we investigate the impact of micromechanical forces exerted through negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) on the pathophysiology of fibrosis. Full-thickness excisional dorsal skin wounds were created on diabetic (db/db) mice which were treated with occlusive covering (control) or NPWT (continuous, −125 mmHg, 7 days; NPWT). Analysis was performed on tissue harvested 10 days after wounding. NPWT was associated with increased YAP (p = 0.04) but decreased En1 (p = 0.0001) and CD26 (p < 0.0001). The pro-fibrotic factors Vimentin (p = 0.04), α-SMA (p = 0.04) and HSP47 (p = 0.0008) were decreased with NPWT. Fibronectin was higher (p = 0.01) and collagen deposition lower in the NPWT group (p = 0.02). NPWT increased cellular proliferation (p = 0.002) and decreased apoptosis (p = 0.03). Western blotting demonstrated increased YAP (p = 0.02) and RhoA (p = 0.03) and decreased Caspase-3 (p = 0.03) with NPWT. NPWT uncouples YAP from EPF activation, through downregulation of Caspace-3, a pro-apoptotic factor linked to keloid formation. Mechanotransduction decreases multiple pro-fibrotic factors. Through this multifactorial process, NPWT significantly decreases fibrosis and offers promising potential as a mode to improve scar appearance.</jats:p
A Dictionary of the Raluana Language. By Peter A. Lanyon-Orgill. pp. 652. Published privately by the author in Victoria, British Columbia. 1962.
No full textLaboratory simulation of airflow and atmospheric transport-dispersion over Elk Mountain, Wyoming: technical report
No full textCER70-71KK-MMO-JEC65.July 1971.Prepared under Atmospheric Water Resources Research Division of the Bureau of Reclamation contract nos. 14-06-D-6455 and 14-06-D-6842.A stably stratified airflow over an isolated mountain was simulated in a wind tunnel and transport-dispersion properties were investigated. Geometric, dynamic and thermal similarity were considered for stably stratified airflows. The wind tunnel airflow was compared with the field results and also with computer results by Marwitz et al. The agreement of these three systems was fairly good and shallow-water equation system was shown to be a possible mathematical model for this kind of airflow. Vertical and horizontal dispersion were investigated for a source at ground level on the upwind side of the mountain. The lateral and vertical dispersions were qualitatively simulated in wind tunnel. The vertical dispersion was found to be strongly controlled by the existing inversion. From observations of smoke transport, the blocking effect of the mountain was found to be strengthened by stable density stratification.Under Contract nos. 14-06-D-6455 and 14-06-D-6842
- …
