178 research outputs found
Part II: Anatomy and Physiology of the retina
No full textSection of Webvision covering the anatomy and physiology of the retina: The retinal pigment epithelium by Olaf Strauss Photoreceptors by Helga Kolb Outer Plexiform Layer by Helga Kolb Inner Plexiform Layer by Helga Kolb Morphology and Circuitry of Ganglion Cells by Helga Kolb Ganglion Cell Physiology by Ralph Nelson Melanopsin Ganglion Cells: A Bit of Fly in the Mammalian Eye by Dustin M. Graham Glial cells of the Retina by Helga Kol
Food security and health security : explaining the levels of nutrition in Pakistan
Full text linkMost influential studies of malnutrition and public policy have focused on energy availability and consumption, tending to equate hunger with malnutrition. But recent studies have explored how other factors - notably infection and levels of maternal education - affect nutrition. Alderman and Garcia's study of nutrition levels in Pakistan shows that raising household food consumption, for example, has less impact on nutritional levels than raising a mother's education does. They found that educating mothers to at least the primary level tends to reduce the level of child stunting 16.5 percent, or roughly 10 times the impact achieved by increasing per capita income 10 percent. (The impact of education is not immediately realized; the diffusion of knowledge about good hygiene and child care associated with learning has a cumulative effect.) Alderman and Garcia found that in Pakistan, food security alone is not enough to improve children's nutritional status. There may be welfare justifications for various food policies, but in rural Pakistan, especially, it is equally important to improve health and reduce infection.Health Economics&Finance,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Early Child and Children's Health,Environmental Economics&Policies,Agricultural Knowledge&Information Systems
Rapid Situation Analysis: a hybrid, multi-methods, qualitative, participatory approach to researching tourism development phenomena
No full textThis study develops a hybrid, bottom-up approach to field research, namely Rapid
Situation Analysis, and implements it in Ghana. It draws on elements from two existing
participatory methodological approaches: Rapid Rural Appraisal and Participatory
RuralAppraisal. The approachwas developed to suit the particular needs of investigating
corporate social responsibility practices, sustainable development and poverty reduction
through tourism, a fragmented sector which tends to be ambiguous and unstructured and
lack cohesion (unlike, for example, agriculture or primary health care, both of which
are familiar territory for Rapid Rural Appraisal and Participatory Rural Appraisal). The
Rapid Situation Analysis bottom-up approach to data gathering was underpinned by
supporting methods, including participant and direct observation, in-depth interviews,
stakeholder focus groups and informal conversations. Moreover, the multiple methods
were further enriched by the collection of visual data in the form of moving and still
images. These research findings were fed back to the communities at the centre of the
research
Becoming Douglass Commonwealth: from D.C. Disenfranchisement to Full Democracy
No full textFeaturing: José Andrés, Chef/Restauranteur; Chris Myers Asch, Visiting Instructor, History, Colby College, Co-Author of Chocolate City; Denise Rolark Barnes, Publisher, The Washington Informer; The Honorable Muriel Bowser, Mayor of Washington, D.C. (2015 to present); Rep. James Clyburn, D-SC 6th District; Robert J. Contee, III, Acting Chief, Metropolitan Police Department; Linda Cropp, Former Chairwoman, Council of the District of Columbia; John J. DeGioia, President, Georgetown University; C.R. Gibbs, Historian; The Honorable Vincent Gray, Mayor of Washington, D.C. (2011-2015); The Honorable Eric Holder, Jr., Former Attorney General of the United States; Jamal Holtz, Co-founder, Statehood 51 for 51; Harry Holzer, John LaFarge Professor of Public Policy, Georgetown University and Nonresident Senior Fellow-Economic Studies, Brookings Institution; Rep. Steny Hoyer, House Majority Leader, D-MD 5th District; Ted Leonsis, founder, Chairman, and CEO of Monumental Sports & Entertainment; Jane Levey, Historian, DC History Center; Ezra Levin, Co-founder, Indivisible; William P. Lightfoot, Former Member, Council of the District of Columbia; Abbe Lowell, D.C. statehood advocate; Gregory McCarthy, Trustee, Federal City Council; SVP, Washington Nationals Baseball Club; Phil Mendelson, Chairman, Council of the District of Columbia; George Derek Musgrove, Professor of History, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Co-Author of Chocolate City; Rep. Eleanor Holmes Norton D-DC; Philip Pannell, DC statehood advocate; Robert Patterson, Professor of African American Studies, Georgetown University; Beverly Perry, Senior Advisor to the Mayor; The Honorable Sharon Pratt, Mayor of Washington, DC. (1991-1995); Rep. Jaime Raskin, D-MD 8th District; Paul Strauss, U.S. Shadow Senator, D.C. (1997 to present); George Vradenburg, Vice President, AOL and AOL Time Warner (retired); The Honorable Anthony A. Williams, Mayor of Washington, D.C. (1999-2007);
Producers: Nolan Williams, Jr., Producer/Director; Michael D. DuBose, Associate Producer; Rod McDonald, Consulting Producer;
Director of Photography: Kadesh DuBose;
Production Supervisor: Michael D. DuBose;
Writers: Chris Myers Asch; George Derek Musgrove; Nolan Williams, Jr.;
Research Consultant: Jane Levey;
Editors: Kadesh DuBose, lead editor; Adrienne Boykin; Michael D. DuBose; Michael Lyon;
Graphics: Regi Allen; Reginald Butler; Kat Davis; Kadesh DuBose; Robert Ellis, title banner;
Camera Ops: Kadesh DuBose; Paul Fifield; William P. Haywood; Henry Joseph; Marcus Smith, III; Camille Toussaint; William P. Haywood, jib operator;
Post production: William P. Haywood; Jacques Richmond; Ryan Romkema;
Audio Technicians: Todd Berger; C. Anthony Miller; Shari Thomas;
Music Team: Nolan Williams, Jr., Music Supervisor/Editor; Michael DuBose, Sr., Music Editor;
Production Assistants: Sylveta Brown; Kyana Waters;
Sound Track Creatives: Allyn Johnson, original documentary score; Nolan Williams, Jr., contributing composer; Michael A. DuBose, contributing composer; John Stoddart, contributing arranger;
Special Acknowledgements: D.C. Office of Cable Television, Film, Music & Entertainment; D.C. Office of Community Affairs; D.C. Public Library; Office of Federal and Regional Affairs; Office of the Secretary of the District of Columbia; Office of the Senior Advisor to the Mayor;
Acknowledgements: Alice Deal Middle School; BONI Productions; DC History Center; DWP Productions; FedNet; Friendship Public Charter School; Lateef Mangum, D.C. photo archivist; ThinkFoodGroup;
Filming Locations: DC History Center; D.C. Office of Cable Television, Film, Music & Entertainment; Marion S. Barry, Jr. Building; Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial Library.This award-winning one-hour documentary chronicles the long and complicated journey towards Washington, District of Columbia becoming our 51st state, Washington, Douglass Commonwealth. To date, 'Becoming Douglass Commonwealth' has aired in five CBS markets and on DCTV.https://neworksproductions.com/douglass-commonwealt
One-step Management of Severely Deformed, Long-Neglected Club Feet
No full textCategory: Other Introduction/Purpose: Early management of the club foot using the Ponsetti technique has almost eliminated severe residual deformities from this problem. Unfortunately, in remote regions of the world patients may not have been afforded the benefits of this technique. The consequences are severely deformed, long-neglected foot deformities. Interventions to mitigate this problem have included talectomies, osteotomies, tendon transfers, gradual corrections using Ilizarov principles and as a last resort, transtibial amputations. All have undesirable features such as inadequate corrections with residual deformities, need for additional surgeries, intensive post-operative management and/or need for custom orthotics or prostheses. We propose a one-stage, single setting approach to this problem that fully realigns the foot and requires minimum of post-operative management. Methods: During a 2017 humanitarian mission to Vietnam, six patients with severely deformed, long-neglected club feet were managed at a remote orthopaedic rehabilitation facility using our one-stage, single surgery approach. The six-step procedure included: 1) Percutaneous tri-hemisections (Hoke) of the Achilles tendon, 2) Excision of lateral ulcers/bursas, 3) Minimally invasive releases of all constricting soft tissues structures, 4) Closing wedge osteotomy at apex of deformity, 5) Manual reduction to achieve plantigrade foot, and 6) Maintenance of correction with temporary spanning external fixation in five patients and percutaneous Steinmann pins in a four-year old patient. No tendon transfers were done. No tourniquets or perioperative antibiotics were used with these minimally invasive and percutaneous interventions. At six weeks, the external fixation was removed, walking casts were applied with minimal manipulations to optimally position the feet. At 12 weeks the casts were removed, patients allowed to use footwear of their choosing. Results: Follow-ups initially obtained weekly, then monthly through e-mails by a co-author fluent in Vietnamese were supplemented with photographs. Near-plantigrade feet axially aligned with the leg were obtained with all the initial corrections. By 48 hours pain was reported as minimal even though marked tension occurred across intact joint capsules in order to achieve the corrections. One skin, pin tract infection was reported that resolved once the pin was removed. Follow-up information at six months report that the corrections have been maintained with high satisfaction in all patients. Conclusion: Our innovative approach to deformed, neglected club feet is supported by appreciating the biomechanics of the problems. Dynamic deforming forces (tendons and muscles) must be released. Tendon transfers are inadequate to correct contractures. Bony deformities must be osteotomized. Viscoelasticity of ligaments and joint capsules deform with time and need not be released; corrections initially obtained using the fixators become permanent with time. Our experiences support the use of our approach for the patient population with which we dealt and suggest that earlier soft tissue releases of dynamic deforming forces be done in conjunction with the Ponsetti technique
The creative industries: An entrepreneurial bricolage perspective
No full textPurpose – The idea of “creating something from nothing” resonates strongly with the creation process associated with artists. The Levi-Strauss and Baker and Nelson discussions also refer to entrepreneurial bricolage as something that entails a “make do with what is at hand”. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how artists utilise bricolage to create projects and develop their skills. Little is known of their perceptions of entrepreneurial behaviour and bricolage, and how they construct these bricolage networks. The tension between sharing, creating and to maintain a personal brand is negotiated by leveraging these bricolage relationships. Design/methodology/approach – In-depth interviews with artists that actively make a living from their involvement in the creative industries were conducted. This provided insight into their perceptions on networking and bricolage. Since networking is such an individual and interchangeable process the interviews allowed the author to unravel these complexities of the relationships. Findings – The findings produced two themes. The first, demonstrated the entrepreneurial behaviour of these artists and their unique contributions. The second theme involved the bricolage relationships formed to overcome resource constraints. The collaborative nature highlighted the co-creation relationships that are strategically formed to provide long-term opportunities and sustained working relationships. Research limitations/implications – This study contributes to literature on bricolage, management, creative industries and entrepreneurship in non-traditional settings. Practical implications – This study contributes to theory on bricolage and entrepreneurial behaviour in small enterprises and creative industries. Artists can benefit from the knowledge to build strategic networks to secure future work. Social implications – Educators can use this information to prepare aspiring artists to create more independent and/or interdependent entrepreneurial projects. Originality/value – This work encourages further cross-disciplinary research on the arts, entrepreneurship, networking and small business studies. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited
Scripting deliberative policy-making:Dramaturgic policy analysis and engagement know-how
Full text linkPublic engagers are officials tasked with facilitating collaborative performances in the theatres of deliberation that increasingly populate local governance. In Scotland, they work to involve citizens, communities and organizations in deliberative policy-making. Drawing on two years of ethnographic fieldwork, this paper shows how these policy workers deploy their own field of specialist knowledge during the scripting of participatory processes. The analysis eschewsconventional notions of “scripted participation” as tokenistic or manipulative, thus seeking a more sophisticated understanding of the know-how that animates engagement practice. The findings reveal the micro-politics of official participation processes through the “behind-the-scenes” work of engagement practitioners
The Piano Variations of Carl Czerny: A Recording Project
Full text linkCarl Czerny, a pupil of Beethoven and teacher of Liszt, is generally recognized as one of the greatest piano pedagogues in music history. What is not so well known about Czerny, however, is that he was also a very prolific composer. Czerny composed more than one thousand pieces, and approximately 180 bear the title "Variations." With only a few exceptions, most of those works are forgotten and have disappeared from the recital stage. The goal of this dissertation is to rekindle an interest in Czerny's piano variation works. To this objective, nine of Czerny's piano variations were selected: Brilliant Variations for the Piano Forte on a French Militavy Air, Op. 103, Second Galoppe varie'e, Op. 112, Grandes Variations brillantes sur le th&me original favori: colla campanella (Glockchen Rondo) de Paganini, Op. 170, Introduction, Variationen & Rondo iiber zwey beliebte Steyrische Alpenlieder, Op. 194, Charmant- Variationen uber den beliebten Charmant Walzer von Johann Strauss, Op. 249, Variations brillantes sur un motif martial de I'Opkra, Robert le Diable, Op. 332, Fantaisie et Variations brillantes suv un ThCrne de Madame Malibran, Op. 377, Souvenir de Bellini, Fantaisie et Variations brillantes sur le dernierpenske de Bellini, Op. 386, and Amusement des jeunes amateurs, Op. 825. Their musical background, formal analysis, and edition source were studied, and most important, they were recorded into the format of two CD recordings. To the author's knowledge, eight of the nine pieces are world premiere recordings; only Op. 377 was ever recorded, by Hilde Somer in 1975. The recording of them should serve as an incentive for pianists to again give attention to these long-ignored pieces. The author hopes that in the near hture Czerny's variations will once again be heard on recital stages and found on many people's CD shelves
What It Takes to Get Proactive: An Integrative Multilevel Model of the Antecedents of Personal Initiative
No full textBuilding upon and extending Parker, Bindl, and Strauss's (2010) theory of proactive motivation, we develop an integrated, multilevel model to examine how contextual factors shape employees' proactive motivational states and, through these proactive motivational states, influence their personal initiative behavior. Using data from a sample of hotels collected from 3 sources and over 2 time periods, we show that establishment-level initiative-enhancing human resource management (HRM) systems were positively related to departmental initiative climate, which was positively related to employee personal initiative through employee role-breadth self-efficacy. Further, department-level empowering leadership was positively related to initiative climate only when initiative-enhancing HRM systems were low. These findings offer interesting implications for research on personal initiative and for the management of employee proactivity in [email protected]
Exploring the linkages between poverty, marine protected area management, and the use of destructive fishing gear in Tanzania
Full text linkCoastal resources in Tanzania have come under increasing pressure over the past three decades, which has led to a significant decline in the biodiversity and productivity of coastal ecosystems. The livelihoods of coastal communities that directly depend on these resources are consequently under increasing threat and vulnerability. Marine protected areas (MPAs) are one tool for managing coastal and marine resources that have been increasingly used in Tanzania. Promotion of alternative income generating activities (AIGAs) is often a component of MPA management strategies to reduce fishing pressure and address poverty concerns. However, empirical evidence on whether these AIGAs are successful in reducing pressure on fisheries, or their impact on poverty, is scarce and inconclusive. This paper seeks to contribute to this debate byinvestigating the linkages between household characteristics, MPA activities, and household choice of fishing gear. The empirical analysis is based on household survey data from a sample of villages located along the coast of mainland Tanzania and Zanzibar. The author finds that some aspects of poverty increase the likelihood of using destructive fishing gear. MPAs do not directly affect household choice of fishing gear. However, households participating in AIGAs are less likely to use destructive fishing gear, suggesting that MPA support to these activities in Tanzania has a positive influence on household choice of fishing gear. The author also finds the use of destructive fishing gear is associated with higher consumption levels, whereas participation in AIGAs does not significantly affect household consumption levels.Water Conservation,Environmental Economics&Policies,Fishing Industry,Wildlife Resources,Coastal and Marine Resources
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