14 research outputs found
Ginger polyphenols attenuate cyclosporine-induced disturbances in kidney function: Potential application in adjuvant transplant therapy
No full textNeuro-endocrine effects of aqueous extract of Amaranthus viridis (Linn.) leaf in male Wistar rat model of cyclophosphamide-induced reproductive toxicity
No full textAbstractCyclophosphamide (CP) is a widely used cytotoxic alkylating agent with antitumor and immunosuppressant properties that is associated with various forms of reproductive toxicity. The significance of natural antioxidants of plant origin should be explored, especially in a world with increasing incidence of patients in need of chemotherapy. The neuro-endocrine effects of aqueous extract of Amaranthus viridis (Linn.) leaf (AEAVL) in Wistar rats with CP-induced reproductive toxicity was determined. Forty rats were used for this study such that graded doses of the extract were administered following CP-induced reproductive toxicity and comparisons were made against control, toxic and standard (vitamin E) groups at p<0.05. The synthetic drugs (CP, 65mg/kg i.p. for 5days; Vitamin E, 100mg/kg p.o. for 30days) as well as the extract (100, 200 and 400mg/kg p.o. for 30days) were administered to the rats at 0.2mL/100g. CP induced reproductive toxicity as evidenced by significantly lowered levels of FSH, LH and testosterone, perturbation of sperm characterization, deleterious disruptions of the antioxidant system as evidenced by decreased levels of GSH as well as elevation of TBARS activity. Histopathological examination showed hemorrhagic lesions with scanty and hypertrophied parenchymal cells in the pituitary while the testis showed ballooned seminiferous tubules with loosed connective tissues and vacuolation of testicular interstitium. These conditions were significantly reversed (p<0.05) following administration of the graded doses of the extract. It was, therefore, concluded that AEAVL could potentially be a therapeutic choice in patients with CP-induced neuro-endocrine dysfunction and reproductive toxicity
Sub-acute administration of lower doses of nicotine caused sex-dependent improvement of renal function in Wistar rats
No full textThe adverse and beneficial health effects of nicotine (NIC), the major alkaloid found in cigarettes and tobacco, are controversial. Most studies on NIC have focused on its effects on cardiovascular and nervous functions. This study aimed at determining dose- and sex-specific effects of sub-acute (28 days) NIC administration on some indices of kidney function in Wistar rats. Forty rats (20 males and 20 females), 8â9 weeks old (each housed in separate metabolic cage), were used for this study such that graded doses of NIC (1, 2 and 4 mg/kg i.p. for 28 days) were administered to both sexes while each control received distilled water at 0.2 mL/100 g i.p. Blood was collected under ketamine anesthesia (10 mg/kg i.m) for analyses and results obtained were compared at p < 0.05. The result showed beneficial alterations in plasma and urine level of creatinine, urea and uric acid (p < 0.05) as well as plasma and urine electrolyte level (Na+ and K+) in both sexes (p < 0.05). Also, there was significant improvement in creatinine clearance (p < 0.05) with no appreciable difference in their histological examination. Although these beneficial effects were more pronounced in the female than in the male (p < 0.05), administration at the highest dose showed potentially deleterious alterations from normal beneficial trend (p < 0.05) in both sexes. It was concluded that sub-acute administration of lower doses of NIC improves kidney function of Wistar rats; an effect that was more pronounced in the females than their male counterparts. Keywords: Nicotine, Wistar rats, Creatinine clearance, Plasma and urine electrolytes, Renal functio
Susceptible Genes and Polymorphisms Associated with Communicable and Noncommunicable Diseases
No full textBackground: Disease epidemiology encompasses a wide range of health conditions, divided into communicable and noncommunicable diseases. Aim and Objective: This systematic review investigates the intricate connection between genetic susceptibility and disease development within these categories. Understanding genetic factors is crucial for improving prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies. The central research question is as follows: Which genes are linked to susceptibility to communicable and noncommunicable diseases, and how do these genetic elements affect susceptibility? We hypothesize that an exhaustive analysis of the literature will reveal numerous genes associated with both types of diseases, revealing the complex genetic landscape influencing susceptibility. Methodology: This systematic review follows a rigorous methodology, including comprehensive search strategies, well-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, publication bias assessment, data extraction, quality evaluation, and data synthesis, adhering to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines to ensure transparency and ethical presentation. Several databases, including PubMed, Embase, Springer Nature, AJOL, CrossRef, Scopus, and Web of Science, were systematically searched to retrieve published articles. Findings: In communicable diseases, the genetic factors influencing susceptibility extend beyond well-established genes, warranting further investigation under conditions such as COVID-19, HIV, tuberculosis, and hepatitis B. Noncommunicable diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, neurological disorders, and metabolic disorders, offer promising avenues for exploring additional genetic variations. Research gaps include understanding the functional impact of the identified polymorphisms, their interaction with environmental factors, and their implications for rare diseases. Conclusion: Genome-wide association studies and gene editing therapies have the potential to expand our understanding and therapeutic options for genetically based diseases. This comprehensive review contributes to the evolving landscape of genetic susceptibility and its implications for public health and personalized medicine
Chronic administration of gabapentin and a gabapentin-carbamazepine combination reversibly suppress testicular function in male Wistar rats ( Rattus norvegicus )
No full textPolyphenol-rich extract of Vernonia amygdalina (del.) leaves ameliorated cadmium-induced alterations in feeding pattern and urine volume of male Wistar rats.
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Amelioration of Cadmium-Induced Nephropathy using Polyphenol-rich Extract of Vernonia amygdalina (Del.) Leaves in Rat Model
No full textAIM: To determine the effects of polyphenol-rich extract of the leaves of Vernonia amygdalina (PEVA) in rats with Cd-induced nephropathy.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty five male Wistar rats were divided into five groups as follows; Group 1 received distilled water throughout the period of study. Group 2 received 5 mg/kg body weight of cadmium (Cd), in the form of CdSO4, for five consecutive days via intraperitoneal route. Groups 3, 4 and 5 were pretreated with Cd as group 2 and thereafter received oral treatment of PEVA for 4 weeks at 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg body weight, respectively.RESULTS: Exposure to Cd toxicity significantly induced deleterious alterations in plasma and urine levels of creatinine, urea and glucose as well as creatinine and urea clearance (p < 0.05) in the rat model. There was a significant disturbance in the antioxidant system as revealed by the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and reduced glutathione (GSH) (p < 0.05) in the kidney tissue of the rats. With marked improvements in renal histoarchitecture, PEVA treatment showed a duration and non dose-dependent ameliorative potential. CONCLUSION: PEVA treatment reversed the compromise of renal function that was induced by Cd toxicity in rat model
Ocimum gratissimum Ameliorates Gentamicin-Induced Kidney Injury but Decreases Creatinine Clearance Following Sub-Chronic Administration in Rats
No full textThe effects of aqueous extract of Ocimum gratissimum leaf (AOGL) on the renal function of rats with gentamicin-induced
nephrotoxicity were investigated. This study involved the use of forty five (45) adult male Wistar rats (housed in separate
metabolic cages) such that graded doses of OAGL were administered to the experimental groups (p.o.) for 28 days after exposure
to gentamicin toxicity (100 mg/kg i.p.) for 1 week. At the end of the study, comparisons of some indices of renal function as well as
antioxidant status (GSH and TBARS) were made between the control, toxic and AOGL-treated groups at P < 0.05. The result
showed that gentamicin treatment caused significant increase (P < .05) in urine output, urea, creatinine, total protein, relative
kidney weight, and TBARS, as well as significant decrease (P < .05) in urine creatinine and GSH levels. Post-treatment with graded
doses of AOGL caused significant increase in food consumption, GSH, urine, and plasma creatinine, as well as significant decrease
(P < .05) in relative kidney weight, TBARS, and urine total protein. There was an appreciable difference in the kidney histology of
the AOGL-treated groups when compared with the toxic control. Hence, the extract has therapeutic potential in the management
of gentamicin-induced kidney injury, although a risk profile of renal dysfunction is not unlikely from 28 days of administration
as evident by the decrease in creatinine clearance
<i>Ocimum gratissimum</i>Ameliorates Gentamicin-Induced Kidney Injury but Decreases Creatinine Clearance Following Sub-Chronic Administration in Rats
No full textThe effects of aqueous extract of Ocimum gratissimum leaf (AOGL) on the renal function of rats with gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity were investigated. This study involved the use of forty five (45) adult male Wistar rats (housed in separate metabolic cages) such that graded doses of OAGL were administered to the experimental groups (p.o.) for 28 days after exposure to gentamicin toxicity (100 mg/kg i.p.) for 1 week. At the end of the study, comparisons of some indices of renal function as well as antioxidant status (GSH and TBARS) were made between the control, toxic and AOGL-treated groups at P < 0.05. The result showed that gentamicin treatment caused significant increase ( P < .05) in urine output, urea, creatinine, total protein, relative kidney weight, and TBARS, as well as significant decrease ( P < .05) in urine creatinine and GSH levels. Post-treatment with graded doses of AOGL caused significant increase in food consumption, GSH, urine, and plasma creatinine, as well as significant decrease ( P < .05) in relative kidney weight, TBARS, and urine total protein. There was an appreciable difference in the kidney histology of the AOGL-treated groups when compared with the toxic control. Hence, the extract has therapeutic potential in the management of gentamicin-induced kidney injury, although a risk profile of renal dysfunction is not unlikely from 28 days of administration as evident by the decrease in creatinine clearance.</jats:p
