17 research outputs found
Inhibition and Compressive-Strength Performance of Na₂Cr₂O₇ and C₁₀H₁₄N₂Na₂O₈.2H₂O in Steel-Reinforced Concrete in Corrosive Environments
No full textThis paper studied corrosion-inhibition and compressive-strength performances of NaThe accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author
Electrochemical performance of sodium dichromate partial replacement models by triethanolamine admixtures on steel-rebar corrosion in concretes
No full textThis paper studies electrochemical performance of partial replacement models of sodium dichromate (Na2Cr2O7) inhibitor by triethanolamine (C6H15NO3) admixtures on the corrosion of steel-rebar embedded in concrete immersed in corrosive environments. For these, 3.5% NaCl and 0.5M H2SO4 media were employed for respectively simulating saline/marine and industrial/microbial corrosive test-environments. Test-results of electrochemical monitoring techniques were subjected to statistical modelling of probability distribution fittings, goodness-of-fit tests and analyses for detailing admixture performance in steel-reinforced concretes. Results from these identified 6 g Na2Cr2O7 + 2 g C6H15NO3 and the 2 g Na2Cr2O7 + 6 g C6H15NO3 partial Na2Cr2O7 replacement admixtures with excellent inhibition efficiencies, η = 91.7% and η = 90.0%, respectively in the NaCl-immersed concretes. Also, the 2 g Na2Cr2O7 + 6 g C6H15NO3 exhibited inhibition efficiency η = 52.5% that lagged behind η = 72.0% of 8 g Na2Cr2O7 but which both represent good efficiency criteria in the H2SO4-immersed concretes. © 2013 by ESG
Methods of ASTM G16 and conflicts in corrosion test data: Case study of NaNO2 effectiveness on steel-rebar corrosion
No full textIn this paper, applications of the methods of ASTM G16 for addressing inherent conflicts in laboratory measurements of corrosion test data were studied, using the inhibiting effect of NaNO2 on the corrosion of concrete steel-rebar for the case study. For this, electrochemical monitoring techniques were employed for studying effectiveness of different concentrations of NaNO2 admixture in replicated concrete samples immersed in NaCl and in H2SO4 media for an experimental period of sixty-eight days. The corrosion test data from this experimental setup were subjected to the probability density fittings of the Normal and the Weibull functions as well as to significance testing methods of ASTM G16-99 R04 specifications. Results identified 10g (0.1208M) NaNO2 admixture with optimal inhibition efficiency model, η = 88.38±4.62%, in the saline/marine simulating environment and the 8 g (0.0966M) NaNO2 admixture with optimum effectiveness, η = 13.51±83.48%, in the acidic environment. The techniques of ASTM G16 adequately identified and addressed conflicting effectiveness from the test data of NaNO2 admixtures in the studied test environments.
[email protected]
Probability density fittings of corrosion test-data: Implications on C6H15NO3 effectiveness on concrete steel-rebar corrosion
No full textIn this study, corrosion test-data of steel-rebar in concrete were subjected to the fittings of the Normal, Gumbel and the Weibull probability distribution functions. This was done to investigate the suitability of the results of the fitted test-data, by these distributions, for modelling the effectiveness of C6H15NO3, triethanolamine (TEA), admixtures on the corrosion of steel-rebar in concrete in NaCl and in H2SO4 test-media. For this, six different concentrations of TEA were admixed in replicates of steel-reinforced concrete samples which were immersed in the saline/marine and the microbial/industrial simulating test-environments for seventy-five days. From these, distribution fittings of the non-destructive electrochemical measurements were subjected to the Kolmogorov-Smirnov goodness-of-fit statistics and to the analyses of variance modelling for studying test-data compatibility to the fittings and testing significance. Although all fittings of test-data followed similar trends of significant testing, the fittings of the corrosion rate test data followed the Weibull more than the Normal and the Gumbel distribution fittings, thus supporting use of the Weibull fittings for modelling effectiveness. The effectiveness models on rebar corrosion, based on these, identified 0.083% TEA with optimal inhibition efficiency, η = 72.17± 10.68%, in NaCl medium while 0.667% TEA was the only admixture with positive effectiveness, η = 56.45±15.85%, in H2SO4 medium. These results bear implications on the concentrations of TEA for effective corrosion protection of concrete steel-rebar in saline/marine and in industrial/microbial environments. © 2014 Indian Academy of Sciences
JOURNAL OF HUMAN KINETICS AND HEALTH EDUCATION PEDAGOGY: Exploring the Environment for Sustainable Development: The Plight of Nigerian Children
No full textDepartment of Human Kinetics and Health Education Faculty of Education,
Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti Nigeria.
Website: www.humankineticsedu.com
All right reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the written permission of the Editor-in-Chief.
A publication of the:
Department of Human Kinetics & Health Education Faculty of Education,
Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti
EDITORIAL
Publishing of well researched papers in reputable journals has become an indispensable culture that must necessarily be adhered to by all academics in the university system. Now that the publishing market has been proliferated by all manners of seemingly "International Journals" the Department of Human Kinetics and Health Education, EKSU has decided to float a journal that will attain all the attributes of Real International Standards.
The birth of this journal, (Journal of Human Kinetics and Health Education Pedagogy), did not come out of the blues, but came as a result of deliberate efforts of some members of the Department, who used their many years of vast experiences in editing, reviewing and publishing quality papers in many renowned, local and international journals.
The maiden edition ensures the publication of articles from different segments of human kinetics, health education and related issues. The journal also enjoys wide- spread patronage from different authors to ascertain its global outlook.
Members of the Editorial Board wish to assure the reading public and intending authors that this journal shall be published on regular basis in conformity with the dynamic trend in academic world. Our appreciation goes to the Heads of Department, past and present, the Professors and other members of the Department for their contributions to the successful launch of this journal.
Professor Isaac Olusola AKINDUTIRE, Editor- In- Chief
EDITORIAL BOARD
Editor –in-Chief - Professor I. O. Akindutire
Managing Editor - Professor J. A. Adegboyega Acting Head of Department - Dr. (Mrs.) P. E. Konwea
Consulting Editors
Prof. A. L. Toriola - Tehwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
Prof. E. B. Okunrotifa - Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife
Prof. J. F. Babalola - University of Ibadan, Ibadan
Prof. J. B. Omonu - Ibrahim Babangida University, Lapai, Niger State, Nigeria
Prof. J. A. Adegun - Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti
Prof. O. O. Obiyemi - University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State
Prof. C. A. Ajibola - University of Calabar
Prof. L. O. Eboh - Delta State University, Abraka
Prof. A. O. Akeredolu - Lagos State University, Ojoo, Lagos
Prof. B. O. Ogundele - University of Ibadan, Ibadan
Publication Committee
Prof. J. A. Adegboyega - Chairman
Prof. O. B. Ajayi -Vincent - Member
Dr. (Mrs.) E. O. Adeloye - Member
Mrs. O. O. Aina - Member
Dr (Mrs.) A. O. Awosusi - Secretary
GUIDELINES FOR PAPER SUBMISSION
Only manuscripts that adhere to the guidelines below will be accepted for publication in the Journal of Human Kinetics and Health Education:
The manuscript should be typed in double line space on A4 size paper with Microsoft words, Times New Roman, 12 point font size, preferred manuscript length is 12 typewritten pages.
The title of article, author\u27s name and affiliation and the full address, showing e-mail address and mobile phone number to which correspondence should be sent must be submitted on a separate
The abstract must not be more than 200 italicized words with focus on the purpose, methods, findings and recommendations; and a maximum of five key words.
Tables and figures are to be fixed appropriately in the manuscript. Tables should be in 2 decimal places and levels of significance clearly stated, where applicable.
Materials forwarded to the Journal for consideration should be original and not have been submitted to another publication or published elsewhere.
The current APA style of referencing should be Visit www.apastyle.org
Paper acceptance notification will be made known to contributors within 2 weeks after paper
The Journal does not charge submission fee like other
It is expected that the publication will be out by July,
Papers for publication should be submitted electronically as attachment, preferably in word document file, to the editor via the e-mail below:
[email protected]; Copy: [email protected], [email protected]
FOR FURTHER ENQUIRIES
All Correspondence address to:
Editor-In-Chief Editor:
Prof. I. O. Akindutire Prof. J. A. Adegboyega,
Department of Human Kinetics Department of Human Kinetics
& Health Education, & Health Education,
Faculty of Education, Faculty of Education,
Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti
+2348033738145 +2348037400188
Assistant Editor Ag. Head of Department
Dr. (Mrs.) A. O. Awosusi Dr. (Mrs.) P.E. Konwea
Department of Human Kinetics Department of Human Kinetics
& Health Education, & Health Education,
Faculty of Education, Faculty of Education,
Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti
+2348030707463 +2348033952887
 
Nigerian Journal of Banking and Financial Issues: EFFECT OF MONETARY POLICY ON DEPOSIT LIABILITIES OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN NIGERIA
No full text© Department of Finance
Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria.
The Nigerian Journal of Banking and Financial Issues (NJBFI) provides a unique forum for the articulation and dissemination of applied research by academics and professionals in the field of Banking and Finance or tested disciplines. It is biannual journal published by the Department of Finance, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria.
The Journal contains analysis of banking and finance issues relevant to the Nigeria economic experience and financial policies. Opinions expressed herein are these of the authors and her necessarily those of the Department of Finance.
All right reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means. electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise of series in any retrieval system of any nature, without the prior written permission of the copyright holder.
Subscription Rate: Nigeria
Students: N2,000
Others: N2,500
Foreign US $25
Volume 9 No. 1, March 2023
ISSN: 1119 - 8494
Printed in Nigeria by: Department of Finance Ekiti State University Ado Ekiti,
Nigeria.
Tel: 08035023117,
080283887163.
EDITOR –IN – CHIEF: PROF. J. A. OLOYEDE MANAGING EDITOR: DR.(MRS) B. A. AZEEZ ASSOCIATE EDITOR: DR. F. T. KOLAPO
ADVISORY BOARD PROF. WOLE ADEWUNMI PROF. W. I. IYIEGBUNIWE PROF. S. I. OWUALAH
PROF. (MRS) E. O. ADEGBITE PROF. FAMOUS IZEDOME PROF. A. A. AWE
PROF. T. M. OBAMUYI PROF. S. O. AKINMULEGUN PROF. F. M. EPETIMEHIN PROF. S. A. TELLA
PROF. R. O. SOMOYE
EDITORS
PROF. S. O. ADEUSI PROF. A. O. ADARAMOLA DR. L. B. AJAYI
M. O. OKE
L. A. SULAIMAN DR. J. O. MOKUOLU DR. DAPO FAPETU DR. J. A. AJAYI
BUSINESS MANAGERS
S. O. DADA
DR.MRS. O. G. OBISESAN DR. MRS. A. O. ADEJAYAN DR. I. E. AJAYI
CALL FOR PAPERS
The Nigerian Journal of Banking and Financial Issues (NJBFI) provides a unique forum for the articulation and dissemination of applied research by academics and professionals in the field of Banking and Finance or tested disciplines. It is biannual journal published by the Department of Finance, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria.
Interested contributors are invited to submit well researched papers which have not been provide published either in whole or part in any journal.
i Three copies of the manuscript should be submitted, each copy of which must be typed on one side of A4 sized paper only and double spaced.
Manuscript should not exceed twenty pages, including notes, reference, table and chart
The cover page of each manuscript should contain title of papers, names(s) and additional of author(s)
An abstract of not more than 120 words typed single spaced on a separate sheet book precede the main text. The short abstract should summarize the main argument of the article
Bibliographical references should be indicated in the text using the author data style with page numbers where necessary. All reference must adopt America psychological Associate (APA) current style and reference pattern.
Table and charts should be placed as close as possible to relevant discussion. End noted should be numbered consequently, and should not solely comprise references.
Manuscript which do not conform to these guidelines may be returned
All manuscript and other correspondences should be sent to:
The Managing Editor:
Journal of Banking and Financial Issues C/o Department of Finance
Ekiti State University, Ado -Ekiti, Nigeria.
OR
The Business Editor: Department of Finance,
E-mail: [email protected]
Nigerian Journal of Banking and Financial Issues: EFFECT OF MONETARY POLICY ON DEPOSIT LIABILITIES OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN NIGERIA
No full text© Department of Finance
Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria.
The Nigerian Journal of Banking and Financial Issues (NJBFI) provides a unique forum for the articulation and dissemination of applied research by academics and professionals in the field of Banking and Finance or tested disciplines. It is biannual journal published by the Department of Finance, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria.
The Journal contains analysis of banking and finance issues relevant to the Nigeria economic experience and financial policies. Opinions expressed herein are these of the authors and her necessarily those of the Department of Finance.
All right reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means. electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise of series in any retrieval system of any nature, without the prior written permission of the copyright holder.
Subscription Rate: Nigeria
Students: N2,000
Others: N2,500
Foreign US $25
Volume 9 No. 1, March 2023
ISSN: 1119 - 8494
Printed in Nigeria by: Department of Finance Ekiti State University Ado Ekiti,
Nigeria.
Tel: 08035023117,
080283887163.
EDITOR –IN – CHIEF: PROF. J. A. OLOYEDE MANAGING EDITOR: DR.(MRS) B. A. AZEEZ ASSOCIATE EDITOR: DR. F. T. KOLAPO
ADVISORY BOARD PROF. WOLE ADEWUNMI PROF. W. I. IYIEGBUNIWE PROF. S. I. OWUALAH
PROF. (MRS) E. O. ADEGBITE PROF. FAMOUS IZEDOME PROF. A. A. AWE
PROF. T. M. OBAMUYI PROF. S. O. AKINMULEGUN PROF. F. M. EPETIMEHIN PROF. S. A. TELLA
PROF. R. O. SOMOYE
EDITORS
PROF. S. O. ADEUSI PROF. A. O. ADARAMOLA DR. L. B. AJAYI
M. O. OKE
L. A. SULAIMAN DR. J. O. MOKUOLU DR. DAPO FAPETU DR. J. A. AJAYI
BUSINESS MANAGERS
S. O. DADA
DR.MRS. O. G. OBISESAN DR. MRS. A. O. ADEJAYAN DR. I. E. AJAYI
CALL FOR PAPERS
The Nigerian Journal of Banking and Financial Issues (NJBFI) provides a unique forum for the articulation and dissemination of applied research by academics and professionals in the field of Banking and Finance or tested disciplines. It is biannual journal published by the Department of Finance, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria.
Interested contributors are invited to submit well researched papers which have not been provide published either in whole or part in any journal.
i Three copies of the manuscript should be submitted, each copy of which must be typed on one side of A4 sized paper only and double spaced.
Manuscript should not exceed twenty pages, including notes, reference, table and chart
The cover page of each manuscript should contain title of papers, names(s) and additional of author(s)
An abstract of not more than 120 words typed single spaced on a separate sheet book precede the main text. The short abstract should summarize the main argument of the article
Bibliographical references should be indicated in the text using the author data style with page numbers where necessary. All reference must adopt America psychological Associate (APA) current style and reference pattern.
Table and charts should be placed as close as possible to relevant discussion. End noted should be numbered consequently, and should not solely comprise references.
Manuscript which do not conform to these guidelines may be returned
All manuscript and other correspondences should be sent to:
The Managing Editor:
Journal of Banking and Financial Issues C/o Department of Finance
Ekiti State University, Ado -Ekiti, Nigeria.
OR
The Business Editor: Department of Finance,
E-mail: [email protected]
Nigerian Journal of Banking and Financial Issues: EFFECT OF MONETARY POLICY ON DEPOSIT LIABILITIES OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN NIGERIA
No full text© Department of Finance
Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria.
The Nigerian Journal of Banking and Financial Issues (NJBFI) provides a unique forum for the articulation and dissemination of applied research by academics and professionals in the field of Banking and Finance or tested disciplines. It is biannual journal published by the Department of Finance, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria.
The Journal contains analysis of banking and finance issues relevant to the Nigeria economic experience and financial policies. Opinions expressed herein are these of the authors and her necessarily those of the Department of Finance.
All right reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means. electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise of series in any retrieval system of any nature, without the prior written permission of the copyright holder.
Subscription Rate: Nigeria
Students: N2,000
Others: N2,500
Foreign US $25
Volume 9 No. 1, March 2023
ISSN: 1119 - 8494
Printed in Nigeria by: Department of Finance Ekiti State University Ado Ekiti,
Nigeria.
Tel: 08035023117,
080283887163.
EDITOR –IN – CHIEF: PROF. J. A. OLOYEDE MANAGING EDITOR: DR.(MRS) B. A. AZEEZ ASSOCIATE EDITOR: DR. F. T. KOLAPO
ADVISORY BOARD PROF. WOLE ADEWUNMI PROF. W. I. IYIEGBUNIWE PROF. S. I. OWUALAH
PROF. (MRS) E. O. ADEGBITE PROF. FAMOUS IZEDOME PROF. A. A. AWE
PROF. T. M. OBAMUYI PROF. S. O. AKINMULEGUN PROF. F. M. EPETIMEHIN PROF. S. A. TELLA
PROF. R. O. SOMOYE
EDITORS
PROF. S. O. ADEUSI PROF. A. O. ADARAMOLA DR. L. B. AJAYI
M. O. OKE
L. A. SULAIMAN DR. J. O. MOKUOLU DR. DAPO FAPETU DR. J. A. AJAYI
BUSINESS MANAGERS
S. O. DADA
DR.MRS. O. G. OBISESAN DR. MRS. A. O. ADEJAYAN DR. I. E. AJAYI
CALL FOR PAPERS
The Nigerian Journal of Banking and Financial Issues (NJBFI) provides a unique forum for the articulation and dissemination of applied research by academics and professionals in the field of Banking and Finance or tested disciplines. It is biannual journal published by the Department of Finance, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria.
Interested contributors are invited to submit well researched papers which have not been provide published either in whole or part in any journal.
i Three copies of the manuscript should be submitted, each copy of which must be typed on one side of A4 sized paper only and double spaced.
Manuscript should not exceed twenty pages, including notes, reference, table and chart
The cover page of each manuscript should contain title of papers, names(s) and additional of author(s)
An abstract of not more than 120 words typed single spaced on a separate sheet book precede the main text. The short abstract should summarize the main argument of the article
Bibliographical references should be indicated in the text using the author data style with page numbers where necessary. All reference must adopt America psychological Associate (APA) current style and reference pattern.
Table and charts should be placed as close as possible to relevant discussion. End noted should be numbered consequently, and should not solely comprise references.
Manuscript which do not conform to these guidelines may be returned
All manuscript and other correspondences should be sent to:
The Managing Editor:
Journal of Banking and Financial Issues C/o Department of Finance
Ekiti State University, Ado -Ekiti, Nigeria.
OR
The Business Editor: Department of Finance,
E-mail: [email protected]
JOURNAL OF HUMAN KINETICS AND HEALTH EDUCATION PEDAGOGY
No full text© Department of Human Kinetics and Health Education Faculty of Education,
Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti Nigeria.
Website: www.humankineticsedu.com
All right reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the written permission of the Editor-in-Chief.
A publication of the:
Department of Human Kinetics & Health Education Faculty of Education,
Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti
EDITORIAL
Publishing of well researched papers in reputable journals has become an indispensable culture that must necessarily be adhered to by all academics in the university system. Now that the publishing market has been proliferated by all manners of seemingly "International Journals" the Department of Human Kinetics and Health Education, EKSU has decided to float a journal that will attain all the attributes of Real International Standards.
The birth of this journal, (Journal of Human Kinetics and Health Education Pedagogy), did not come out of the blues, but came as a result of deliberate efforts of some members of the Department, who used their many years of vast experiences in editing, reviewing and publishing quality papers in many renowned, local and international journals.
The maiden edition ensures the publication of articles from different segments of human kinetics, health education and related issues. The journal also enjoys wide- spread patronage from different authors to ascertain its global outlook.
Members of the Editorial Board wish to assure the reading public and intending authors that this journal shall be published on regular basis in conformity with the dynamic trend in academic world. Our appreciation goes to the Heads of Department, past and present, the Professors and other members of the Department for their contributions to the successful launch of this journal.
Professor Isaac Olusola AKINDUTIRE,
Editor- In- Chief
EDITORIAL BOARD
Editor –in-Chief - Professor I. O. Akindutire
Managing Editor - Professor J. A. Adegboyega
Acting Head of Department - Dr. O.M. Bolarinwa
Consulting Editors
Prof. A. L. Toriola - Tehwane University of Technology,South Africa Prof. E. B. Okunrotifa - Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife
Prof. J. F. Babalola - University of Ibadan, Ibadan
Prof. Pat Oyeniyi - Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti
Prof. J. A. Adegun - Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti
Prof. O. O. Obiyemi - University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State
Prof. C. A. Ajibola - University of Calabar
Prof. L. O. Eboh - Delta State University, Abraka
Prof. A. O. Akeredolu - Lagos State University, Ojoo, Lagos
Prof. B. O. Ogundele - University of Ibadan, Ibadan
Publication Committee
Prof. J. A. Adegboyega - Chairman
Prof. O. B. Ajayi-Vincent - Member
Dr. (Mrs.) E. O. Adeloye - Member
Mrs. O. O. Aina - Member
Dr (Mrs.) A. O. Awosusi - Secretary
GUIDELINES FOR PAPER SUBMISSION
Only manuscripts that adhere to the guidelines below will be accepted for publication in the Journal of Human Kinetics and Health Education:
The manuscript should be typed in double line space on A4 size paper with Microsoft words, Times New Roman, 12 point font size, preferred manuscript length is 12 typewritten pages.
The title of article, author\u27s name and affiliation and the full address, showing e-mail address and mobile phone number to which correspondence should be sent must be submitted on a separate sheet.
The abstract must not be more than 200 italicized words with focus on the purpose, methods, findings and recommendations; and a maximum of five key words.
Tables and figures are to be fixed appropriately in the manuscript. Tables should be in 2 decimal places and levels of significance clearly stated, where applicable.
Materials forwarded to the Journal for consideration should be original and not have been submitted to another publication or published elsewhere.
The current APA style of referencing should be adapted. Visit apastyle.org
Paper acceptance notification will be made known to contributors within 2 weeks after paper submission.
The Journal does not charge submission fee like other
It is expected that the publication will be out by July,
Papers for publication should be submitted electronically as attachment, preferably in word document file, to the editor via the e-mail below:
[email protected]; Copy: [email protected], [email protected]
FOR FURTHER ENQUIRIES
All Correspondence address to:
Editor-In-Chief Editor:
Prof. I. O. Akindutire Prof. J. A. Adegboyega,
Department of Human Kinetics Department of Human Kinetics
& Health Education, & Health Education,
Faculty of Education, Faculty of Education,
Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti
+2348033738145 +2348037400188
Assistant Editor Ag. Head of Department
Dr. (Mrs.) A. O. Awosusi Dr. O.M. Bolarinwa
Department of Human Kinetics Department of Human Kinetics
& Health Education, & Health Education,
Faculty of Education, Faculty of Education,
Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti
+2348030707463 +2348065713422
 
The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010–19: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
No full text© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licenseBackground: Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. Methods: The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk–outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented. Findings: Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4·45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4·01–4·94) deaths and 105 million (95·0–116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44·4% (41·3–48·4) of all cancer deaths and 42·0% (39·1–45·6) of all DALYs. There were 2·88 million (2·60–3·18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50·6% [47·8–54·1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1·58 million (1·36–1·84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36·3% [32·5–41·3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20·4% (12·6–28·4) and DALYs by 16·8% (8·8–25·0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34·7% [27·9–42·8] and 33·3% [25·8–42·0]). Interpretation: The leading risk factors contributing to global cancer burden in 2019 were behavioural, whereas metabolic risk factors saw the largest increases between 2010 and 2019. Reducing exposure to these modifiable risk factors would decrease cancer mortality and DALY rates worldwide, and policies should be tailored appropriately to local cancer risk factor burden. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
