33 research outputs found
Filbert insect pests
No full textTitle from PDF cover (viewed on November 2, 2017).This archived document is maintained by the State Library of Oregon as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.Mode of access: Internet from the Oregon Government Publications Collection.Text in English
Bacterial blight of filbert
No full textTitle from PDF caption (viewed on December 8, 2017).This archived document is maintained by the State Library of Oregon as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.Mode of access: Internet from the Oregon Government Publications Collection.Text in English
Care of wind-damaged filbert trees
No full textTitle from PDF caption (viewed on July 12, 2017).This archived document is maintained by the State Library of Oregon as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.Mode of access: Internet from the Oregon Government Publications Collection.Text in English
Investment in processing facilities and employment in the Oregon walnut and filbert industry
No full textTitle from PDF caption (viewed on December 7, 2017).This archived document is maintained by the State Library of Oregon as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.Mode of access: Internet from the Oregon Government Publications Collection.Text in English
Flowering and Yield of Eastern Filbert Blight-Resistant Hazelnut Cultivars in Southwest British Columbia
Get PDFTrees of six recently released hazelnut (Corylus avellana) cultivars (Eta, Gamma, Jefferson, Sacajawea, Theta, and Yamhill) were grown at five locations in southwestern British Columbia to evaluate female receptivity and pollen shed timing, disease resistance, and nut yield. The overlap of female receptivity and pollen shed of mating-compatible cultivars equaled or exceeded that reported elsewhere. Following 4–6 yr of field growth without fungicides at sites adjoining eastern filbert blight (EFB)-infected orchards, EFB symptoms were absent from four cultivars (Eta, Gamma, Theta, Yamhill), negligible on Jefferson, and substantial on Sacajawea. Two additional potential diseases, Phomopsis sp. and Phytophthora sp., were observed on several trees at multiple farms. Yields varied by cultivar and farm, averaging 2.9 kg per tree of sixth-leaf Jefferson and 1.0 kg per tree of fourth-leaf Yamhill; the highest yield per tree observed was 9.3 kg for fifth-leaf Jefferson. These data, the first describing flowering and yield of these cultivars from operational orchards and the only such data from British Columbia, demonstrate the potential for new hazelnut cultivars even where pressure from eastern filbert blight is high. Also revealed are two potential emergent diseases for which growers need to remain vigilant.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author
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Human Trafficking Under International and Tanzanian Law
No full textThis book deals with the problem of human trafficking in Tanzania in the light of international law and considers human trafficking as both a criminal offence in Tanzania and a human rights violation within international law in general. The book broadens the reader's understanding of the subject of human trafficking and Tanzania's legal approach to the issue and allows the reader to grasp Tanzania's anti-trafficking piecemeal efforts from the 1970s onwards, the reasons that made Tanzania ratify the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, and Tanzania's National Assembly's deliberations regarding the enactment of the Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of 2008 and the impact those deliberations have had on the current legal framework of Tanzania. It provides a firsthand critical analysis of the Tanzania anti-trafficking law, pointing out its strengths, weaknesses and areas for improvement in a comprehensive manner such as has never been attempted before. The book shares many tips and even insights on how to read and apply Tanzania's 2015 Anti-Trafficking Regulations in relation to the main law harmoniously. It also offers complete instructions for common-law practitioners, court personnel, researchers and other anti-trafficking personnel on how to investigate and prosecute human trafficking, prevent trafficking, both lawfully and from occurring, as well as assist victims of human trafficking and protect their human rights. Nicksoni Filbert Kahimba is a doctoral researcher in the Faculty of Law of the Humboldt Universität zu Berlin in Berlin, Germany. The author also lectures at the School of Law of the University of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania. Specific to this book: • Contains the only up-to-date critical analysis of the Tanzanian anti-trafficking law in light of international law. • Equips common-law practitioners, court personnel, researchers and other anti-trafficking personnel with basic principles on how to combat human trafficking effectively while also protecting the victims thereof. • Simplifies a complicated picture of human trafficking and its myriad aspects in respect to the Tanzanian anti-trafficking legal and institutional framework This is Volume 27 in the International Criminal Justice Series
Identifying and evaluating eastern filbert blight resistant hazelnuts (Corylus spp.) in New Jersey
No full textEastern filbert blight (EFB), caused by the fungus Anisogramma anomala (Peck) E. Müller, is a destructive disease of European hazelnut (Corylus avellana). While the wild North American hazelnut, C. americana, only experiences minor symptoms, commercially grown C. avellana is extremely susceptible. Anisogramma anomala, whose range includes much of the U.S. east of the Rocky Mountains, is considered to be the main impediment to commercial hazelnut production in the East. As such, identifying and developing resistant C. avellana germplasm is critical to establishing an industry in this region. To support this goal, several research projects were undertaken. In the first study, 193 clonal hazelnut accessions spanning multiple Corylus species and inter-specific hybrids were examined for their disease response to EFB in New Jersey. In summary, despite the fact that many of the plants were shown to be resistant in Oregon, some accessions developed EFB in New Jersey. These results support previous work that suggests different isolates of the pathogen are present in the eastern U.S., and resistance may not hold up unilaterally. A second study included searching for new sources of resistance to EFB. New hazelnut germplasm was collected from Russia, Poland, and Ukraine and exposed to EFB. After at least five years of exposure, plants were rated for iii the presence of EFB. At completion, 76 trees from 24 seed lots were found to be free of EFB with several trees that also produced excellent quality kernels. The final study was predicated on evaluating known resistant plants for their flowering phenology in New Jersey. Phenological timing of flowering in hazelnuts is critical to ensure complete pollination and high crop yields. Nineteen hazelnut accessions were evaluated compared to daily temperatures over 4 years. Results showed that the accessions followed a similar progression of bloom each year (both staminate and pistillate flowers), which allowed their placement into Early, Mid-, and Late flowering groups. These findings represent the first efforts to report on flowering and bud break phenology in New Jersey, where the winter climate is colder and more variable than that of Oregon and other commercial hazelnut growing regions.M.S.Includes bibliographical referencesby John Michael Capi
Filberts
Get PDFPart I. Growing Filberts in Oregon. -- Part II. Experimental Data on Filbert Pollination.by C.E. Schuster.This archived document is maintained by the State Library of Oregon as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.Includes bibliographical references (page 39).Mode of access: Internet from the Oregon Government Publications Collection.Text in English
Characterizing the response of diverse hazelnut germplasm to eastern filbert blight in New Jersey
No full textThe fungal disease eastern filbert blight (EFB), caused by Anisogramma anomala, is the primary limiting factor to European hazelnut (Corylus avellana) production in the United States. Developing resistant cultivars is considered the most effective management strategy. Breeding efforts at Oregon State University (OSU) have successfully introgressed the dominant EFB resistance gene (R-gene) from ‘Gasaway’ into commercial quality cultivars that have been widely adopted in the Willamette Valley of Oregon, where >99% of US hazelnut production occurs. Concerns over the durability of a single gene for resistance drove germplasm screening efforts at OSU and instigated germplasm collection trips throughout the native range of C. avellana by OSU and Rutgers University, which resulted in the identification of over 100 sources of resistance to EFB. Sources exhibit tolerance (quantitative resistance [QR]) or qualitative resistance associated with R-genes, 34 of which have been mapped to three of C. avellana’s eleven genetic linkage groups (LGs). However, A. anomala exhibits pathogenic variation between populations and some selections made at OSU, where the pathogen is believed to be genetically uniform, have shown variable resistance expression when exposed to A. anomala populations in New Jersey, including trees protected by the ‘Gasaway’ R-gene. Further variability has been observed in long term disease trials at Rutgers, where mature, previously resistant trees started expressing EFB, in some cases more than 15 years after initial exposure to A. anomala. The goals of these studies were to identify changes in resistance expression in Rutgers’ foreign germplasm introductions (n=154) and to characterize differences in EFB resistance expression in cultivars and breeding selections deemed resistant or highly tolerant to EFB at OSU (n=106) when planted in replicated trials at Rutgers. In the germplasm collection, we found 91 introductions that remain resistant, representing only 1.7% of the original 5,226 seedlings planted at Rutgers. New infections (n=63) were severe and primarily linked to trees in specific seedlots, indicative of a breakdown in resistance. The 91 remaining foreign introductions represent 54 distinct seedlots from 7 countries and span 14 of 18 resolved C. avellana genetic clades. Similarly, the 106 cultivars and breeding selections from OSU exhibited variable response to A. anomala at Rutgers. With only two exceptions, cultivars/selections carrying resistance mapped to LG6 (n=30), including the ‘Gasaway’ R-gene, exhibited severe EFB with canopy death observed in 232 of 266 (87%) individual trees. In addition, EFB was identified on carriers of R-genes mapped to LG7, with ‘Ratoli’ related selections (n=4) developing EFB for the first time in their over 20 years of observation at Rutgers, although all other LG7 protected selections (n=7) showed no signs of EFB. With one exception, selections mapped to LG2 (n=9) showed no EFB and cultivars/selections expressing QR (n=50) exhibited disease phenotypes more similar to what they expressed at OSU. These collective findings support that A. anomala displays pathogenic variation between populations and that long term observation of resistance sources across multiple locations and pathogen populations is needed to select durable forms of resistance. Fortunately, dozens of genotypes still exhibit useful levels of resistance/tolerance at Rutgers and constitute a diverse base from which to develop cultivars with sustainable resistance to EFB.M.S.Includes bibliographical reference
Bloom and vegetative bud break phenology of unique eastern filbert blight resistant hazelnut germplasms grown in New Jersey
No full textIn the United States, European hazelnut (Corylus avellana) is cultivated primarily in the Willamette Valley of Oregon; however, there is interest in expanding existing production in the eastern US. The main limiting factors in both regions is the fungal pathogen Anisogramma anomala, which causes the disease eastern filbert blight (EFB). While EFB can be managed with fungicides, the associated costs and challenges of spraying large trees make genetic resistance preferable. In the first study, a seed-based germplasm collection was made in 2009 in the Republic of Georgia and 1,374 of the subsequent seedlings were planted at Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ. They were exposed to high EFB pressure, and after 10 years, while most trees succumbed to disease, a small percentage of the trees (n=57) were found to exhibit high levels of resistance and hold significant value for breeding. In the first study, the flowering phenology of 57 trees originating from the Republic of Georgia were documented in the winter seasons of 2021-22 (Year 1) and 2022-23 (Year 2) and compared to a control group of 7 known cultivars with previously documented phenology. Results showed significant variation across the individual trees in the Georgian collection. Overall, the collection of Georgian trees demonstrated a wide range of bloom phenology, with significant overlap between Georgian pollen shed and controls’ pistillate receptivity, and individuals can be separated into early, medium, and late blooming categories. These results are useful to breeders who would integrate these novel sources of EFB resistance into their program, while ensuring that female flower bloom time or pollen release will be similar to that of other selections or cultivars. In addition to novel C. avellana germplasm, hybrids between C. avellana and C. americana are resistant to EFB. In the second study, the flowering phenology of 72 Rutgers University interspecific hybrid breeding selections from 16 different full sibling progenies was documented. The study also included seven hybrid breeding selections from the Upper Midwest Hazelnut Development Initiative and seven C. avellana cultivars as controls. All trees were surveyed twice weekly in the winter seasons of 2021-2022 and 2022-2023, and the phenology of their female flowers, male flowers (catkins), and vegetative buds recorded. The main goal was to document variation in the bloom times of the interspecific hybrid germplasm to identify compatible bloom partners within the trees studied in support of future cultivar releases. Results showed significant variation among the plant material evaluated, with more than 6 weeks in some cases separating the earliest from the latest blooming breeding selections. The European hazelnut controls tended to bloom (pistillate and staminate) earlier than the interspecific hybrids, but there were many that had overlapping bloom times, demonstrating a wide and useful range of bloom dates present in the hybrid germplasm suggesting hybrid selections could be paired with each other as well as with existing commercial cultivars.M.S.Includes bibliographical reference
