36 research outputs found
Polycarp and Paul : an analysis of their literary & theological relationship in light of Polycarp\u27s use of biblical & extra-biblical literature
No full textThis volume addresses the question of the Apostle Paul\u27s literary and theological influences on Polycarp of Smyrna. To this end, the most detailed analysis in print of Polycarp\u27s dependence on earlier literature--both biblical and extra-biblical--is undertaken in the first part of the book. This general analysis forms the basis for the study of three questions: 1) Is Polyarp an imitator of Paul? 2) Whom does Polycarp think is the author of the Pastoral Epistles? 3) To what degree is Polycarp influenced by the theology of Paul? This volume will be of particular interest to anyone studying the Apostolic Fathers, the reception of Paul in the second century, the concept of imitation, and the authorship of the Pastoral Epistles.https://digitalcommons.biola.edu/faculty-books/1000/thumbnail.jp
Communication and journalism curricula in Africa : the case of Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania
No full textThis is an incisive scientific evaluation of the existing curricula in journalism and communication training institutions in East Africa. The study pays close attention to most of the crucial elements of a good curricula, including the aims and objectives of the courses, the teaching methods adopted, the assessment methods of the courses and the flexibility of the courses to accomodate community, national, regional, continental and international needs. The aims of the study were five-fold: To provide emphirical evidence on the orientations, objectives and scope of the existing curricula in journalism and communication training in East Africa; to suggest variousways of re-modelling the curricula; to access the quality of training offered to journalists so as to find out if they are being adequately funded and teachers well remunerated and; to generate fresh data on journalism and communication training in the region which can be used by policy makers and implementors in shaping future training needs. Field survey research design was used to collect data from stations, newspapers, training institutions and governmental departments. A total of 19, 21 and 22 respondents from Uganda, Tanzania and Kenya respectively were interviewed. The study raises concern over two pertinent issues: the fact that the training institutions have less teaching staff and that the curricula used are relatively old with the newest having been drawn in 1994. The author suggests that there ought to be regular review of the curricula to make them responsive to the ever-changing media demands. Three track approach to the review of the curricula are recommended. They invite Unesco and other stakeholders to commission further studies aimed at a comprehensive improvement of the curricula so that the beneficiaries may be able to face the various complex communication challenges facing their communities and countries; the region, continent and the world
Press freedom and the role of the media in Kenya
No full textThe writer In his paper seeks to discuss the concept of press freedom and the role of the media in Kenya. The paper attempts to critically analyse a number of factors that are seen as limiting the functional roles of the media. The writer argues that there Is a direct relationship between press freedom, the roles of the media, and the nature of the government in power. The paper discusses factors that may limit press freedom and the role of the media, and it proposes some solutions to these problems
Dymiące stosy i antyczne biografie
No full textPolycarp was a 2nd century bishop of Smyrna. According to the Martyrdom of Polycarp he died a martyr, burned at the stake. Author says that the fire failed to touch him. In the literary form the Martyrdom of Polycarp follow a letter format, but it is also one of the earliest martyr acts. In his description of the death of Polycarp, author follows the way of presenting such events in other ancien authors, as Xenophon (Kyrou paideia) or Callisthenes of Olynthus (Kat’ Alexandrou)
Sacrificial Undertones in the Martyrdom of Polycarp
No full textThis thesis examines the use of sacrificial language in the Martyrdom of Polycarp (Mart. Pol.). At several points in the text, the author of Mart. Pol. uses language that demonstrates that he interprets Polycarp’s martyrdom as a sacrifice. To support my argument, I analyze descriptions of self-sacrifices in Hellenistic Jewish, Greek, and Roman texts to show their impact on the writing of Mart. Pol. and to help interpret Mart. Pol.’s use of sacrificial language. In Chapter 1, I review secondary literature written about sacrifice and martyrdom. I start by examining various authors who have provided anthropological theories surrounding the origins and purpose of sacrifice in society. I then turn to scholarly literature regarding martyrdom, which likewise has sought to determine its origins and central purpose. I end this chapter by discussing how sacrifice and martyrdom, as theories, can be synthesized, contending that sacrifice and martyrdom should be considered narrative constructs used to apply religious interpretations to a death. In Chapter 2, I examine Mart. Pol. in comparison to Hellenistic Jewish sacrificial texts. I analyze language in Mart. Pol. that bears similarity to descriptions of Levitical sacrifices in the Septuagint and Hellenistic Jewish writers, such as Philo of Alexandria. I then show that the author of Mart. Pol. interprets the effects of Polycarp’s martyrdom in a manner that is reminiscent of the Maccabean martyrs in 2 Maccabees and 4 Maccabees. Chapter 3 examines Mart. Pol. in comparison to Greek and Roman descriptions of self-sacrifice. I focus particularly on Euripides’ tragedies Alcestis, Heraclidae, Iphigenia at Aulis, Hecuba, and the Phoenissae, Livy’s depiction of the devotio ritual, and Statius’ description of the Menoeceus’ death in Thebaid. I conclude this thesis with a review of my argument as well as areas to consider for future research
Dymiące stosy i antyczne biografie
No full textPolycarp was a 2nd century bishop of Smyrna. According to the Martyrdom of Polycarp he died a martyr, burned at the stake. Author says that the fire failed to touch him. In the literary form the Martyrdom of Polycarp follow a letter format, but it is also one of the earliest martyr acts. In his description of the death of Polycarp, author follows the way of presenting such events in other ancien authors, as Xenophon (Kyrou paideia) or Callisthenes of Olynthus (Kat’ Alexandrou)
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Sacrificial Undertones in the Martyrdom of Polycarp
No full textThis thesis examines the use of sacrificial language in the Martyrdom of Polycarp (Mart. Pol.). At several points in the text, the author of Mart. Pol. uses language that demonstrates that he interprets Polycarp’s martyrdom as a sacrifice. To support my argument, I analyze descriptions of self-sacrifices in Hellenistic Jewish, Greek, and Roman texts to show their impact on the writing of Mart. Pol. and to help interpret Mart. Pol.’s use of sacrificial language.
In Chapter 1, I review secondary literature written about sacrifice and martyrdom. I start by examining various authors who have provided anthropological theories surrounding the origins and purpose of sacrifice in society. I then turn to scholarly literature regarding martyrdom, which likewise has sought to determine its origins and central purpose. I end this chapter by discussing how sacrifice and martyrdom, as theories, can be synthesized, contending that sacrifice and martyrdom should be considered narrative constructs used to apply religious interpretations to a death.
In Chapter 2, I examine Mart. Pol. in comparison to Hellenistic Jewish sacrificial texts. I analyze language in Mart. Pol. that bears similarity to descriptions of Levitical sacrifices in the Septuagint and Hellenistic Jewish writers, such as Philo of Alexandria. I then show that the author of Mart. Pol. interprets the effects of Polycarp’s martyrdom in a manner that is reminiscent of the Maccabean martyrs in 2 Maccabees and 4 Maccabees.
Chapter 3 examines Mart. Pol. in comparison to Greek and Roman descriptions of self-sacrifice. I focus particularly on Euripides’ tragedies Alcestis, Heraclidae, Iphigenia at Aulis, Hecuba, and the Phoenissae, Livy’s depiction of the devotio ritual, and Statius’ description of the Menoeceus’ death in Thebaid. I conclude this thesis with a review of my argument as well as areas to consider for future research
Recovering a “Lost” author: Marcion of Smyrna
No full textThe Martyrdom of Polycarp, traditionally treated as an anonymous document, is not: it was composed by Marcion of Smyrna. A writer of no small ability, he argues for a particular view of martyrdom on the basis of a sophisticated interpretation of the gospel narrative; portrays Polycarp as the embodiment of both Christian and Greco-Roman virtues and values; and subverts Roman claims to power even as he affirms Christian claims of divine sovereignty. His accomplishments earn him a spot on the roster of second century Christian authors. © Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2009
