331 research outputs found
Ethics and Security as the 'Parents' of Research Participants: A New Paradigm for Ethical and Secure Research Governance
Get PDFEthical oversight and data security are often treated as separate entities in research governance, yet their integration is fundamental to protecting research participants. This paper introduces a novel philosophy asserting that Ethics and Security are the 'Parents' of Research Participants, a perspective developed by Dr. Fredrick Ochieng’ Omogah, an expert in IT and Cybersecurity for Electronic Healthcare Systems. The philosophy posits that ethics ensures responsible research conduct, while security safeguards participant data, and both must function together to ensure participant protection, data integrity, and high-quality research. Drawing insights from healthcare research governance in Kenya, this paper highlights the consequences of fragmented ethical and security frameworks and proposes an integrated model to bridge these gaps. The study underscores the need for policy reforms aligning Ethical Review Boards (ERBs) and Data Protection Authorities (DPA) to enhance research integrity and cybersecurity resilience
Ethics and Security as the 'Parents' of Research Participants: A New Paradigm for Ethical and Secure Research Governance
No full textEthical oversight and data security are often treated as separate entities in research governance, yet their integration is fundamental to protecting research participants. This paper introduces a novel philosophy asserting that Ethics and Security are the 'Parents' of Research Participants, a perspective developed by Dr. Fredrick Ochieng’ Omogah, an expert in IT and Cybersecurity for Electronic Healthcare Systems. The philosophy posits that ethics ensures responsible research conduct, while security safeguards participant data, and both must function together to ensure participant protection, data integrity, and high-quality research. Drawing insights from healthcare research governance in Kenya, this paper highlights the consequences of fragmented ethical and security frameworks and proposes an integrated model to bridge these gaps. The study underscores the need for policy reforms aligning Ethical Review Boards (ERBs) and Data Protection Authorities (DPA) to enhance research integrity and cybersecurity resilience
Urban poverty reduction through municipal solid waste management (MSWM) : a case study of Maseru and Maputsoe in Lesotho.
Get PDFTheses (Ph.D.)-University of Westville, 2002.The study was designed to generate data and information necessary for designing an
appropriate sustainable solid waste management system, and examining the socio-economic
benefits of urban municipal so lid waste management through job creation opportunities (albeit
mainly informal) in Lesotho.
The review of literature on the integrated solid waste management systems at international,
regional and local levels in relation to job creation was carried out with a view to establish the
necessity of carrying out this research. In addition, specific solid waste management
experiences and practices in other countries have been cited.
In Lesotho, investors and donors have, for long expressed the need for formulation of solid
waste management policy and guidelines formulated in the country in order to create an
enabling environment for investment. However, the process of preparing policy and
guidelines requires substantial data and information. This study supplemented this effort by
gathering data and information. The data and information gathered were on the existing
policies and regulatory framework concerning waste management; waste generation rates,
types and quantity from domestic, industrial and commercial establishments; recycling
activities; and the waste harvesting (scavenging) activities. The study was undertaken in
Maseru and Maputsoe, being the hub of commercial and industrial activities in the country.
The data and information may also be useful to other SADC countries
From the results of the study, it has been concluded that in Lesotho, paper was the most
commonly generated waste in all the categories: domestic, industrial and commercial
establishments. Plastic was the second category of the most commonly generated waste,
which was followed by organic waste, and then, beverage cans. The study established that the
weighted average household generation rate for the surveyed areas was: 0.13 Kg per capita
day-I. In the same findings, it occurred that overall, households contribution to waste
generation in the surveyed areas ranked second to commercial establishments despite their
low per capita, in comparison with industrial establishments. The study has further concluded
that out of an estimated total quantity of 157552 tonnes per annum of waste generated in
Maseru, commercial establishments contributed 82%, while households contribute 15% and
industrial establishments 3%. Households generated more waste than industries because they were in large numbers and hence contributed more than fewer industries. It has also been
established that the household waste generation is dependent on incomes ofthese households,
but had poor relationship with regard to the number of persons per household. To this effect,
it was seen that high-income households generated more waste than low-income. The study
further showed that where the municipal council offered waste collection service, not all
recipients paid for this service. However, there was a general willingness- to- pay for the
waste collection service by all sectors, on condition that there was an improvement in the
offering of this service; and if made available where currently not offered. Furthermore, there
was a general indication of affordability for these services up to a certain amount (albeit
minimal) per different sectors. On the other hand, the information collected strongly indicated
the need to invest more in solid waste management if this would be a means of employment
creation and improvement of the environment.
On the overall, the study revealed that there was a low level of awareness on waste related
policy and regulatory instruments, and fragmented legal framework on waste management in
Lesotho. The study also established that currently, solid waste as an informal sector generated
an estimated profit of MO.7rnillion per annum from waste recycling related activities and that
this informal sector generated about 282 jobs. In addition to these benefits, the question of
solid waste as a source of biomass energy was another beneficial route in Lesotho. It has been
established that the combustible organic waste was highly sought after as a source of energy
for cooking and heating. However, besides the benefits, these activities also gave rise to some
adverse impacts. The waste harvesters expressed that their health had been negatively
impacted upon by the waste scavenging activities. Needless to suggest that there would be a
need by the government to intervene in this problem by formalising these waste harvesting
activities.
It is hoped that this study would serve as a reservoiur for the source of data and information
and for Lesotho and that other countries in the SADC Region shall fmd this document a
useful tool
An assessment of water services in a peri-urban area of Umtata.
Get PDFThesis (M.Sc.Eng.)-University of Durban-Westville, 2001.No abstract available
Costing calculation of operation and maintenance in community water supplies.
Get PDFThesis (M.Sc.Eng.)-University of Durban Westville, 2001.Studies of community water have been on the increase since the International Drinking Water
Supply and Sanitation Decade, 1981 - 1990. However there is some key areas of community
water supply that still require research as the literature survey in this thesis illustrates. The
Operation and Maintenance of community water supplies has been identified to be as
important in sustainability of the services as the institutional factors.
Due to the increased number of failure of the community water supplies to continue
operation after short periods of time compared to urban water supplies, effort is required to
identify the least amount of in puts to ensure continued operation. Through literature survey
and field collection of data on management of existing projects a model was developed in
order to calculate the minimum amount of funds required for the operation and maintenance.
The research showed that the current monthly charges by water committees were sufficient to
operate and maintain the systems. The initial calculations using the model also revealed that
the current charges would not be sufficient to pay replacement costs. The presence of
subsidisation through materials and labour by the central government requires planners to
study each project thoroughly before the determination of monthly costs.
The conclusion was that further research and data collection was required for the
determination of the replacement cost. The model was found to be capable of assisting
planners, managers and engineers in the calculation of the cost of operation and maintenance
of community water supplies
Modeling the Variability of the Climate System over Lake Victoria Basin
No full textThe physical mechanisms associated with the diurnal to inter-annual variability of Lake Victoria Basin and regional climate are examined based on a three-tier modeling approach. First, diagnosis of eastern and the Horn of Africa climate variability, in which the Lake basin climate is intimately embedded, is performed based on two GCM ensemble simulations. The goal was to identify some of the systematic errors inherent in the GCMs before downscaling their output using regional climate model. The second part evaluates the downscaling ability of RegCM3 over eastern Africa based on multi-year ensemble simulations of the short rains season. Finally, the physical mechanisms associated with Lake Victoria Basin climate variability are investigated using a fully coupled RegCM3-3D lake modeling system.
Overall, the RegCM3 simulated monthly and seasonal rainfall climatology during the short rains season are consistent with the observed in both the simulations forced by GCM output and NCEP reanalysis over specific homogeneous climate sub-regions. However, over central Kenya highlands the model simulates drier than normal conditions throughout the season. The simulated latitude-time (north-south) rainfall evolution over East Africa is quite consistent with the observed during the entire season. This is also in tandem with the expected ITCZ-driven southward migration of regions of rainfall maxima as the season progresses. A particularly distinct feature is the persistent wet conditions simulated over the equatorial belt, between 1oS and 2oN, throughout the season. The wet conditions are apparently associated with local convection induced by topography and Lake Victoria, since there is substantial reduction in the simulated rainfall amount in the 'no-lake' simulations.
In the fully coupled RegCM3-POM simulations, it is evident that topography along the eastern border of Lake Victoria, large-scale moisture transported via the prevailing easterly trades and changes in the physical characteristics of the Lake are among the principal mechanisms associated with Lake Basin climate variability. In particular, one of the most unique evidence from our simulations is that changes in large-scale moisture transported via prevailing trades through the eastern boundary of our model domain results in significant enhancement/suppression of simulated rainfall amount over Lake Victoria Basin throughout the short rains season
Fast Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (FIRMS): A Tandem Mass Spectrometry Technique for the Rapid and Semi-Comprehensive Evaluation of Isotope Ratios
Get PDFIsotope ratios (IRs) are a measure of the variation in abundance of light isotopes versus heavy isotopes of an element, e.g. 1H/2H,12C/13C, and 14N/15N. Because IRs change as a molecule undergoes certain chemical and physical processes, they represent unique fingerprints that can be used to trace the source of a chemical compound. Current techniques for determination of IRs each have major limitations, such as loss of structural information, vulnerability to contamination, high cost, large sample size requirements, low precision, limited applicability, and lengthy analysis. Fast Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (FIRMS) was developed as a next-generation analytical technique for robust measurement of IRs using tandem mass spectrometric data. Based on the FIRMS nonlinear mathematical model, the difference between predicted and experimental tandem mass spectrometric data was minimized by modifying isotopic fractional abundances of the atoms involved. FIRMS was used to calculate the isotope abundances of molecules of 17 compounds. FIRMS produced excellent precision, with IRs standard deviations of less than 1‰, for δ13C compared with IRMS in a fraction of the time. FIRMS also produced excellent accuracy for δ13C values with an absolute error of less than 1.6‰ compared to IRMS. It was also successfully coupled with LCMSMS to analyze δ13C for DIMPA, caffeine and acetylsalicylic acid with standard deviation of less than 1‰ and accuracies within 1‰ compared to IRMS. The bivariate plot of FIRMS versus IRMS showed an excellent R2 of 0.992 with a slope of 1, validating the new technique as an accurate isotope ratio measurement technique. FIRMS offers several advantages over other methods of IR determination, and may ultimately become the preferred method for determination of IRs. The disciplines that will benefit from development of FIRMS include: 1) forensic science, 2) environmental chemistry, 3) geology, 4) geochemistry, 5) cosmochemistry, 6) food sciences, 7) earth science, and 8) pharmaceutical science. FIRMS will make IR analysis more widely available, fast and less expensive for scientists to conduct research in these fields, as well as train new graduate students for future scientific research and development in this area
The metric tun : standardisation, quantification and industrialisation in the British brewing industry, 1760-1830
Get PDFThis thesis considers the British beer-brewing industry around 1800 as a case study exploring current themes in the history of science and technology: the imposition of
reliable standards, the use of instruments and quantities, and the nature of industrial growth. I begin by addressing Michael Combrune, author of the first thermometric
brewing account, showing the influence of Boerhaavian fermentation theory and the eighteenth-century agenda for "commercial chemistry" on his work: Combrune's
fellow brewers, however, did not generally rely on the chemical scheme of management he had established, developing instead highly localised thermometric
operations which did not challenge established understandings. Next, I consider the determination of beer strength, focusing here on the brewer John Richardson's
innovation of the saccharometer, a gravimetric philosophical instrument. I show how Richardson presented both the device and the quantity in which it was scaled, later termed the `brewer's pound, ' as offering brewery-specific advantages, in order to ensure its acceptance whilst at the same time denying its roots in the disputatious field of spirits hydrometry. Richardson did not achieve his wider goal of monopolist control over the device, but his project of saccharometric determination was widely taken up, contributing to a significant change in the composition of beer, as brewers moved from using traditional brown- malts to the saccharometrically preferable pales. This development is then reviewed in the context of an analysis of the identity of London porter, the staple brown beer of London: I investigate the relationship of porter's identity to the uniquely vast and industrialised plants which produced it. Finally, I highlight the ambiguous nature of appeals to `science' or `chemistry' before 1830 by discussing the widespread contemporary panic over adulteration, popularly assumed to
be practised by those who associated with chemists and did not pursue a `traditional' approach to brewing. This controversy was settled, I contend, only with the later
development of a common laboratory-analytical context between brewers, pharmacists and public analysts who were able to redefine the concept of adulteration itself
Missive, raeckende de laest geslotene drievoudige vreede, en behelsende veele naeuwkeurige en polityke opmerkingen over den jegenwoordigen toestant van Europa : geschreven van den bergh Parnassus, /
No full textVingerafdruk 167904 - b1 A2 esverMystification; the real author is unknownVerpakt met de steun van Fonds Inbev-Latour (2010-2012)Herkomst: Vignet Isaac MeulmanTiele, P. A. Bibliotheek van Nederlandsche pamfletten. Verzameling Frederik Muller ; 7694Europeana-GoogleBook
Transformation of residual open spaces into a green community hub: a case study from Sinza D, Dar es Salaam
No full textRapid urbanisation and incremental housing in Dar es Salaam have depleted urban green spaces, leaving many public areas underutilised or privately appropriated. This study, conducted within the Institutional University Cooperation (IUC) between Ardhi University and Hasselt University, examines university-community collaboration (UCC) as a means of transforming such spaces into community-owned and managed green areas. Drawing on 1 year of participatory action research in Sinza D, the study traces how collaboration among researchers, grassroots leaders, and residents evolved through facilitation, reflection, and trust-building. The findings reveal that effective UCC nurtures grassroots leadership, embodied in extended planners, who are local actors mediating between community aspirations and institutional frameworks. These leaders gain legitimacy and adaptive capacity through co-designed and inclusive processes that transform facilitation into shared governance. The study challenges extractive research models and calls for more context-sensitive, enduring collaborations that strengthen local agency in rapidly urbanising African cities.Funding:
The author(s) declare that financial support was received for the research and/or publication of this article. This research was funded under the joint partnership between Hasselt University (Belgium) and Ardhi University (Tanzania) as part of the Institutional University Cooperation (IUC) programme, supported by VLIR-UOS, grant ID: TZ2022IUC042A104.
Acknowledgements
The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the Institutional University Cooperation (IUC) programme funded by VLIR-UOS, through the partnership between Hasselt University (Belgium) and Ardhi University (Tanzania). Special thanks are 11 Frontiers in Sustainable Cities frontiersin.orgMajogoro et al. 10.3389/frsc.2025.1700035 extended to the grassroots leaders, members of the GSC, MGL, and residents of Sinza D for their trust, collaboration, and active participation throughout the research process. Their insights, actions, and reflections were central to the learning journey documented in this study
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