102,158 research outputs found
Modeling biomedical experimental processes with OBI
No full text© 2010 Soldatova et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Background: Experimental descriptions are typically stored as free text without using standardized terminology, creating challenges in comparison, reproduction and analysis. These difficulties impose limitations on data exchange and information retrieval. Results: The Ontology for Biomedical Investigations (OBI), developed as a global, cross-community effort, provides a resource that represents biomedical investigations in an explicit and integrative framework. Here we detail three real-world applications of OBI, provide detailed modeling information and explain how to use OBI. Conclusion: We demonstrate how OBI can be applied to different biomedical investigations to both facilitate interpretation of the experimental process and increase the computational processing and integration within the Semantic Web. The logical definitions of the entities involved allow computers to unambiguously understand and integrate different biological experimental processes and their relevant components. Availability: OBI is available at http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi/2009-11-02/obi.owlThe National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Human Genome Institute, the Intramural Research Program of the NIH and NIEHS, the Bio-Informatics Research Network
Coordinating Center, EC FELICS, MUGEN, BBSRC, RC UK, NERC-NEBC, EU IP CarcinoGenomics, EU NoE NuGO, CARMEN project EPSRC, NERC-NEBC, EU IP CarcinoGenomics, EU NoE NuGO, the Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research, and the Public Health Agency of Canada/Canadian Institutes of Health Research Influenza Research Network
OBI-3424, a novel AKR1c3-activated prodrug, exhibits potent efficacy against preclinical models of T-ALL
No full textPurpose: OBI-3424 is a highly selective prodrug that is OBI-3424 significantly prolonged the event-free survival (EFS) converted by aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 of nine of nine ALL PDXs by 17.1–77.8 days (treated/control (AKR1C3) to a potent DNA-alkylating agent. OBI-3424 has values 2.5–14.0), and disease regression was observed in eight entered clinical testing for hepatocellular carcinoma and cas-of nine PDXs. A significant reduction (P < 0.0001) in bone trate-resistant prostate cancer, and it represents a potentially marrow infiltration at day 28 was observed in four of six novel treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). evaluable T-ALL PDXs. The importance of AKR1C3 in the Experimental Design: We assessed AKR1C3 expression by in vivo response to OBI-3424 was verified using a B-ALL PDX RNA-Seq and immunoblotting, and evaluated the in vitro that had been lentivirally transduced to stably overexpress cytotoxicity of OBI-3424. We investigated the pharmacokinet-AKR1C3. OBI-3424 combined with nelarabine resulted in ics of OBI-3424 in mice and nonhuman primates, and assessed prolongation of mouse EFS compared with each single agent the in vivo efficacy of OBI-3424 against a large panel of patient-alone in two T-ALL PDXs. derived xenografts (PDX). Conclusions: OBI-3424 exerted profound in vivo efficacy Results: AKR1C3 mRNA expression was significantly higher against T-ALL PDXs derived predominantly from aggressive in primary T-lineage ALL (T-ALL; n ¼ 264) than B-lineage and fatal disease, and therefore may represent a novel treat-ALL (B-ALL; n ¼ 1,740; P < 0.0001), and OBI-3424 exerted ment for aggressive and chemoresistant T-ALL in an AKR1C3 potent cytotoxicity against T-ALL cell lines and PDXs. In vivo, biomarker-driven clinical trial
T cell epitope assays in the IEDB and OBI.
No full textThe left hand panel illustrates how an IEDB user can select from different T cell epitope characterization assays in the IEDB. The labels utilized are shorthand which in the context of the assay tree in the IEDB is sufficient for an immunologist user to understand what assays are being denoted. Each assay in the IEDB refers to a formal definition in OBI (right hand panel). While the IEDB only captures with assays in which epitope specific proliferation is measured, the type of assay utilized (in this example thymidine incorporation) is applied in many other studies and is more likely to be re-usable.</p
Shtetet islame në OBI
No full textIslamic Cooperation Union (ICU) is the second intergovernmental organization after UN established on September 25th, 1969. This was decided during a summit held at the Kingdom of Morocco. It consists on fifty seven states of full membership, as well as five states of observational status. It covers an area of 29,091.707 km2 or approximately ¼ of Earth’s continents with a population 1.72 billion people counting for about 23.5% of world’s population. Member states of this organization do spread on four Continents respectively: twenty seven states in Africa, twenty seven states in Asia, two states in Latin America and one in Europe. After WW1 it became a necessity establishing ICU due to new circumstances and the destruction of Ottoman Caliphate. Official languages of ICU are: Arabic, English, French and, its head quarters are in Jeddah of Saudi Arabia. ICU has a permanent delegation at UN.
Large continental are has made possible inclusion of relatively high number of mountains, valleys, low lands, deserts, islands, peninsulas, river beds, and canons. The area covering those member states are present almost all types of world climate. Water covers a small area of ICU. Nevertheless, longest and most important rivers run through including: Nile, Niger etc. The area covered by member states has access to most important seas and oceans and is rich in flora and fauna.Organizata për Bashkëpunim Islamik – OBI është organizata e dytë ndërqeveritare pas Kombeve të Bashkuar, e themeluar më 25 shtator 1969, gjatë samitit që u mbajt në Mbretërinë e Marokut. Në këtë organizatë janë të anëtarësuar 57 shtete me status të plotë, si dhe 5 shtete të cilat kanë status vëzhgues. Sipërfaqja e OBI – t, është rreth 29.091.707 km2 ose përafërsisht ¼ e sipërfaqes kontinentale të Botës, si dhe rreth 1.727 miliard banorë, apo 23,5 % të numrit të përgjithshëm të popullsisë së Botës. Shtetet e kësaj organizate shtrihet në katër kontinente (Afrikës 27shtete, Azi 27 shtete, Amerikën Latine 2 shtete, në Evropë 1 shtet), Nevoja për themelimin e kësaj organizate lindi si pasojë e rrethanave të krijuara pas luftës së parë botërore ku u shkatërrua edhe Kalifati. Gjuhët zyrtare të OBI – t janë: gjuha arabe, gjuha angleze dhe gjuha frënge.
Selia e organizatës ndodhet në qytetin Xheda të Arabisë Saudite.OBI ka një delegacion permanent në Kombet e Bashkuara.
Sipërfaqja e madhe kontinentale ka bërë të mundur që në këtë hapësirë të shtrihen një numër relativisht i madh i maleve, rrafshnaltave, ultësirave, depresioneve, shkretëtirave, gadishujve, ishujve, luginave lumore, kanioneve, etj. Në hapësirën e këtyre shteteve të jenë të pranishme po thuajse të gjitha llojet e klimës. Ujërat mbulojnë një pjesë të vogël shteteve të OBI – t, ku në të rrjedhin lumenjtë më të rëndësishëm e më të gjatë në Botë, si: Nili, Nigeri, etj. Hapësira e këtyre shteteve lagët nga detet dhe oqeanet më të rëndësishëm të Botës. Në hapësirën e shteteve të OBI – t, janë prezent një numër i madh dhe i llojllojshëm i botës bimore dhe shtatore
OBI reduction method using optical carrier suppression
No full textOptical Beat Interference (OBI) can adversely affect passive optical networks that employs Multiple Optical Carrier Subcarrier Multiplexing (MOC-SCM). The authors propose an OBI reduction method employing carrier suppressed MOC-SCM system. A mathematical model is developed and an experiment is carried out to analyze the performance of the proposed system. The experimental results are in agreement with the mathematical model, which demonstrate an improvement of 27.8 dB in the carrier-to-interference ratio. (C) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
Performance degradation study on polybenzimidazole fuel cells subjected to different ageing tests
No full textThe study presented in this paper aims to evaluate the performance degradation of Polybenzimidazole (PBI) based High Temperature PEM (HTPEM) fuel cells subjected to triangular load cycling ageing test, according to a methodology already used by the authors. A HTPEM Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA) has been subjected to 125,000 triangular sweep cycle between Open Circuit Voltage (OCV) and 0.5 A/cm2 with 2 seconds of permanence at OCV at each cycle. In order to assess the cell performance, polarization curves, Electro Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) have been recorded during the ageing tests
Letter, [Author unclear] to Paulina T. Merritt
No full textHandwritten letter to Paulina Merritt from an unknown author, October 1, 1876.
Modeling biomedical experimental processes with OBI
No full textMotivation: Experimental metadata are stored in many different formats and styles, creating challenges in comparison, reproduction and analysis. These difficulties impose severe limitations on the usability of such metadata in a wider context. The Ontology for Biomedical Investigations (OBI), developed as part of a global, cross community effort, provides an approach to represent biological and clinical investigations in an explicit and integrative framework which facilitates computational processing and semantic web compatibility. Here we detail two real-world applications of OBI and show how OBI satisfies such use cases
MIREOT: the Minimum Information to Reference an External Ontology Term
No full textWhile the Web Ontology Language (OWL) provides a mechanism to import ontologies, this mechanism is not always suitable. First, given the current state of editing tools and the issues they have working with large ontologies, direct OWL imports have sometimes proven impractical for day-to-day development. Second, ontologies chosen for integration may be under active development and not aligned with the chosen design principles. Importing heterogeneous ontologies in their entirety may lead to inconsistencies or unintended inferences. In this paper we propose a set of guidelines for importing required terms from an external resource into a target ontology. We describe the guidelines, their implementation, present some examples of application, and outline future work and extensions
SU‐E‐J‐152: Evaluation of TrueBeam OBI V. 1.5 CBCT Performance in An Adaptive RT Environment
No full textPurpose: To evaluate the image quality and imaging dose of the Varian TrueBeam OBIv.1.5 CBCT system in a clinical adaptive radiation therapy environment, simulated by changing phantom thickness. Methods: Various OBI CBCT protocols(Head, Pelvis, Thorax, Spotlight) were used to acquire images of Catphan504 phantom(nominal phantom thickness and 10 cm additional phantom thickness). The images were analyzed for low contrast detectability(CNR), uniformity(UI), and HU sensitivity. These results were compared to the same image sets for planning CT(pCT)(GE LightSpeed 16- slice). Imaging dose measurements were performed with Gafchromic XRQA2 film for various OBI protocols (Pelvis, Thorax, Spotlight) in a pelvic-sized phantom(nominal thickness and 4cm additional thickness). Dose measurements were acquired in the interior and at the surface of the phantom. Results: The nominal CNR[additional thickness CNR] for OBI was—Pelvis:1.45[0.81],Thorax:0.86[0.48], Spotlight:0.67[0.39],Head:0.28 [0.10]. The nominal CNR[additional thickness CNR] for pCT was— Pelvis:0.87[0.41],Head:0.60[0.22]. The nominal UI[additional thickness UI] for OBI was—Pelvis:11.5[24.1],Thorax:17.0[20.6], Spotlight:23.2[23.2], Head:15.6[59.9]. The nominal UI[additional thickness UI] for pCT was— Pelvis:9.2[8.6],Head:2.1[2.9]. The HU difference(averaged over all material inserts) between nominal and additional thickness scans for OBI: 8.26HU(Pelvis), 33.39HU(Thorax), 178.98HU(Head), 108.20HU (Spotlight); for pCT: 16.00HU(Pelvis), 19.85HU(Head). Uncertainties in electron density were calculated based on HU values with varying phantom thickness. Average electron-density deviations (ρ(water)=1)for GE-Pelvis, GE-Head, OBI-Pelvis, OBI-Thorax, OBI-Spotlight, and OBI-Head were: 0.0182, 0.0180, 0.0058, 0.0478, 0.2750, and 0.3115, respectively.The average phantom interior dose was(OBI-nominal):2.35cGy(Pelvis), 0.60cGy(Thorax), 1.87cGy(Spotlight); OBI-increased thickness: 1.77cGy(Pelvis), 0.43cGy(Thorax), 1.53cGy (Spotlight). Average surface dose(OBI-nominal): 2.29cGy(Pelvis), 0.56cGy(Thorax), 1.79cGy (Spotlight); OBI-increased thickness: 1.94cGy(Pelvis), 0.48cGy(Thorax), 1.47cGy (Spotlight). Conclusion: The OBI-Pelvis protocol offered comparable CNR and HU constancy to pCT for each geometry; other protocols, particularly Spotlight and Head, exhibited lower HU constancy and CNR. The uniformity of pCT was superior to OBI for all protocols. CNR and UI were degraded for both systems/scan types with increased thickness. The OBI interior dose decreased by approximately 30% with additional thickness. This work was funded, in part, under a grant with the Pennsylvania Department of Health. The Department of Health specifically declaims responsibility for any analyses, interpretations, or conclusions
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