298 research outputs found
Magnetic driven alginate nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery
No full textThe aim of this paper is to develop highly magnetized, biodegradable and biocompatible, polymeric nanoparticles for drug delivery intell therapy. Alginate magnetic nanoparticles are realized by an emulsion/reticulation technique, after the dispersion of magnetite in an alginate solution. Such nanoparticles are characterized in terms of external morphology (FIB imaging), microstructure (TEM imaging), size distribution, zeta potential, magnetic properties (SQUID analysis) and drug release behaviour. Magnetization curves hsow the typical trend of superparamagnetic materials. Important parameters, such as magnetic permeability and magnetic momentum, are derived by employing Langevin theory. Experimental results reveal that a bi-exponential model fully describes the drug release. Finally, in vitro experiments on NIH/3T3 cells are carried out and demonstrate that our magnetic alginate nanoparticles can effectively drive the drug delivery towards an external magnetic field source
Boron Nitride Nanotubes:A Novel Vector for Targeted Magnetic Drug Delivery
No full textWhereas several biomedical applications of carbon nanotubes have been proposed, the use of boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) in this field has been largely unexplored despite their unique and potentially useful properties. Our group has recently initiated an experimental program aimed at the exploration of the interactions between BNNTs and living cells. In the present paper, we report on the magnetic properties of BNNTs containing Fe catalysts which confirm the feasibility for their use as nanovectors for targeted drug delivery. The magnetisation curves of BNNTs characterised by the present study are typical of superparamagnetic materials with important parameters, including magnetic permeability and magnetic momentum, derived by employing Langevin theory. In-vitro tests have demonstrated the feasibility for influencing the uptake of BNNTs by living cells by exposure to an external magnetic source. A finite element method analysis devised to predict this effect produced predictive data with close agreement with the experimental observations.</p
Realization, characterization and functionalization of lipidic wrapped carbon nanotubes
No full textMass-produced carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are strongly aggregated and highly hydrophobic, and processes to make them water soluble are required for biological applications. Both covalent and non-covalent strategies are pursued for obtaining stable, highly concentrated CNT aqueous dispersions. Covalent functionalization has the great disadvantage of producing an irreversible chemical modification of nanotubes, thus alterating their mechanical, chemical and electric properties. On the other hand, non-covalent functionalization is often obtained by employing surfactants that sensibly affect cell viability. Moreover, derivatization with biological moieties is often impossible through non-covalent CNT dispersion. This paper proposes a non-covalent dispersion of multi-wall CNT based on a lipidic mixture that can guarantee high concentration and high stability as well as high cytocompatibility. Moreover, CNTs wrapped with a lipid membrane are realized to demonstrate that the proposed CNTs can be functionalised with a dodecapeptide that specifically recognizes activated platelets without chemical modification of the nanotube itself
Evaluation of cationic liposomes composed of an amino acid-based lipid for neuronal transfection
No full textWe investigated the ability of cationic liposomes composed of 1,5-dihexadecyl N-arginyl-L-glutamate (Arg-Glu2C(16)) to carry nucleic acids into neuronal cells. Such liposomes have been shown to have a remarkable capacity for transfecting immortalized cell lines. Lipoplexes between the Arg-Glu2C(16) liposomes and plasmid DNA encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) were analyzed in terms of lipoplex formation, intracellular DNA trafficking, transfection efficiency, and cytotoxicity in neuronal SH-SY5Y cells. A maximum number of cells expressing GFP was obtained with lipoplexes at a lipid-to-DNA ratio of 15. With these lipoplexes, 16% of the cells were GFP- positive, which was approximately fourfold higher than the level obtained with a commercially available transfection reagent, Lipofectamine 2000. Furthermore, as a result of the low cytotoxicity of the Arg-Glu2C(16) lipoplexes, the proportion of GFP- positive cells could be increased to 25% by increasing the concentration of lipoplexes that was applied to the cells. We have demonstrated that Arg-Glu2C(16), as a model cationic amino acid-based lipid, has a high capability as a gene carrier, even for neuronal transfection.From the Clinical Editor: In this study, specific cationic liposomes were characterized as nucleic acid transfection agents for neuronal cells. A fourfold higher transfection rate with low cytotoxicity was reported compared to Lipofectamine 2000, a commercial reagent. The authors conclude that the studied cationic liposomes have a high capability as a gene carrier for neuronal transfection. This may become clinically significant in future gene therapy efforts of neuronal diseases. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p
Development of palladium complexes bearing multidentate N-heterocyclic carbene ligands with sugar units and their application in catalysis in cross-coupling reactions in water
No full textAnalysis of Muscle Activity Patterns between Two Different Walking Exercise Programs: Qualitative Analysis of Walking Exercise for the Amputee.
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Analysis of Muscle Activity Patterns between Two Different Walking Exercise Programs: Qualitative Analysis of Walking Exercise for the Amputee.
No full textThe Imperial Edict from the Emperor Himself 御筆手詔 during the Song Period
No full textThis monograph is to clarify the following points: 1) The Imperial Edict from the Emperor himself was developed from the Imperial Edict from the Inner Court 内降手詔, which appeared in the first year of the Xining 煕寧 era (1068 A.D.), into an established form of imperial pronouncements 制書. 2) Through the Imperial Edict from the Emperor himself, various kinds of Inner Court Instructions 内批 were lumped together under his name. Its appearance was closely related to the principles of amending the compiled edicts 編勅 under the reign of the Emperor Shen-zong 神宗 of the Northern Song. 3) The Imperial Edict from the Emperor himself was then adopted as the most convenient mechanism, under which the bureaus and bureaucrats concerned were entrusted to formulate the law only approved by the Emperor. It was because they were thought to be more suitable than their superiors for this job considering the conditions of the society for which legislation was made. 4) The Imperial Edict from the Emperor himself, as a system to draft imperial pronouncements, promoted close working relationship between the Emperor and the Palace Domestic Service under the Department of Ministries 尚書内省 which was staffed and operated by the Palace Women. This newly introduced imperial pronouncement brought about considerable change to the nature of advisory bodies, such as the Three Departments 三省 in the Song government, and the direct command of the Six Ministries by Chinese emperors was first realized in the Song instead of the Ming. The author pays special attention to the fact that the Imperial Edict from the Emperor himself, officially added to the list of imperial pronouncements in the Southern Song period, created a new way through which orders and permissions of the emperor directly became law. The author suggests that it should be noticed in discussing this question. To conclude, the author takes a different view from many other researchers about the historical significance of the Imperial Edict from the Emperor himself in the Song period. The author doesn't think that its introduction implied political corruption during the Emperor Hui-zong 徽宗 era, nor does he think that its system served as a successful attempt by domineering Grand Councillors to achieve excessive power and keep it in hand
Influence of trunk muscle co-contraction on spinal curvature during sitting.
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