1,721,218 research outputs found
Hepatitis E Virus
No full textHepatitis E is a viral disease that presents as acute hepatitis in humans. The etiological agent is hepatitis E virus (HEV), first identified in the early 1980s. The disease is an important public health issue in developing countries where it is frequently epidemic. Industrialized countries were previously thought to
be free from HEV, with a limited number of cases reported only in people who had traveled to endemic areas. However, more recent studies have documented an increasing number of sporadic cases in developed areas, among patients who had no history of travelling to countries endemic for hepatitis
E. Furthermore, a high anti-HEV seroprevalence has been detected among healthy individuals in nonendemic countries. Since the early 1990s, serological evidence of HEV infection and virus detection have been reported in many animal species in both developed and developing countries, suggesting
that these host species may become infected with HEVlike viruses. In 1997, a swine HEV strain was identified for the first time in the United States. This swine HEV strain correlated genetically to two human HEV strains isolated in the United States during the same period from patients who had
not traveled to endemic areas. Since then, swine HEV strains have been isolated across the globe. A strict genetic correlation between human and swine strains from the same geographic region has been observed frequently, and cross-species transmission of swine strains to humans and of human strains to
nonhuman primates has been demonstrated. Furthermore, several seroepidemiological studies have reported high antibody prevalence to HEV in people working in direct contact with swine or wild boar.The first direct evidence of a possible zoonotic transmission of HEV was provided in Japan in 2003, when cases of hepatitis E were associated to the ingestion of uncooked meat or organs from pigs, wild boar, or deer. More recently, a study conducted in France confirmed that 13 human cases of hepatitis E were eventually linked to the consumption of raw figatellu pig liver sausages. The disease is now recognized as an emerging zoonosis
Gestione della rimonta come strumento di controllo aziendale della malattia di Aujeszky
No full textViene valutata sperimentalmente la possibilità, in un allevamento da riproduzione e ingrasso infetto da virus della Malattia di Aujeszky, di ottenere scrofette da rimonta sieronegative. Lo studio longitudinale ha utilizzato 3 gruppi distinti di scrofette, i primi due allevati in promiscuità con i soggetti all’ingrasso e il terzo allevato in condizioni di segregazione. I risultati evidenziano come la sieroprevalenza nei primi due gruppi aumenti progressivamente raggiungendo il 66,7% al momento dell’introduzione dei soggetti nel settore di riproduzione. I soggetti del terzo gruppo si mantengno invece sieronegativi. L’allevamento segregato della rimonta può costituire un valido strumento di profilassi contro la Malattia di Aujeszky
Hazard Identification Related to the Presence of Vibrio spp., Biogenic Amines, and Indole-Producing Bacteria in a Non-Filter Feeding Marine Gastropod (Tritia mutabilis) Commercialized on the Italian Market
Full text linkTritia mutabilis is a carrion-feeder edible marine gastropod with an open circulatory sys-
tem. Therefore, biological, and chemical contaminants associated with the feed can reach all body
tissues. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible association of these char-
acteristics with some food safety hazards. Vibrio spp. load, and the prevalence of pathogenic
V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus, and V. cholerae, were investigated. Moreover, biogenic amines (BAs)
and indole-producing bacteria (IPB), markers of seafood decomposition, were quantified for the
first time in an edible carrion-feeder. Overall, 49 batches were analyzed (38 from retail, and 11 from
primary production). The Vibrio spp. load resulted of 5.64 ±0.69 log10 CFU g−1 at retail, and
5.27 ±0.74 at harvest but all batches resulted negative for pathogenic Vibrio. Histamine, putrescine,
cadaverine, and tyramine were detected both at harvest and at the retail level. Their sum (BAs
Index) showed a mean value of 50.45 and 65.83 mg Kg−1 in batches at harvest and at retail, respec-
tively. IPB were detected at harvest and upon refrigeration for three days (T1–T3). The mean load
resulted in 2.52 ±0.85 log10 MPN g−1 at T0, 3.31 ±1.23 at T3 in batches immediately refrigerated,
and 3.22 ±1.18 at T3 in batches previously immersed in clean seawater. Our results contribute to
identifying food-borne hazards for T. mutabilis that may be related to the retention of biogenic amines
and indole-producing bacteria due to carrion feedin
Valutazione quantitativa del rischio di sopravvivenza di Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis nel latte pastorizzato in tre stabilimenti lattiero-caseari in Italia
No full textScreening for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in Southern Italian dairy herds by bulk milk elisa and in line milk filters PCR
No full textValutazione della prevalenza di aziende da latte infette da Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis nel sud Italia
No full textIn questo lavoro è stata valutata la prevalenza di aziende di bovine da latte infette da Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis
(MAP) in tre Regioni dell’Italia meridionale attraverso una procedura di screening che prevedeva l’analisi ripetuta sia
di campioni di latte di massa (esaminati mediante test ELISA), sia dei filtri dell’impianto di mungitura (esaminati mediante
real-time PCR) e prelevati in 569 allevamenti da latte. Un totale di 121 allevamenti sono risultati positivi allo screening (21,3%;
IC 95%: 18,0-24,9%). Per stimare la prevalenza apparente intra-aziendale (PA), in 102 dei 121 allevamenti risultati positivi allo
screening è stato esaminato, mediante test ELISA, il latte individuale di tutti gli animali in lattazione. Il prelievo del latte individuale
è stato realizzato anche in un campione casuale di 24 aziende risultate negative allo screening. Complessivamente,
sono stati sottoposti a test ELISA 12312 campioni di latte individuale. La PA varia dallo 0,0% al 22,7% (media 5,7%). Il confronto
tra i dati delle diverse Regioni non ha evidenziato differenze significative della prevalenza di aziende infette o della PA
intra-aziendale. La procedura di screening è stata in grado di rilevare il 56,2% degli allevamenti con PA ≤2,0% fino ad un massimo
del 100% degli allevamenti con PA ≥8,0%. Complessivamente, la procedura di screening è in grado di individuare l’85,6%
degli allevamenti con almeno 1 capo positivo al test ELISA del latte individuale. La procedura di screening utilizzata è relativamente
economica (circa 60 euro) e rappresenta un utile strumento per l’individuazione di allevamenti ad alto rischio di diffusione
dell’infezione e contaminazione del latte. Potrebbe quindi essere applicata, nel contesto di piani volti a ridurre la prevalenza
di infezione negli allevamenti da latte e/o a ridurre la contaminazione del latte, per assegnare una scala di priorità adeguata
alle misure di controllo da adottare nei singoli allevamenti
Porcine circovirus type 2 detection in in vitro produced porcine blastocysts after virus sperm exposure
Full text linkThis study was aimed at assessing the capability of semen experimentally infected with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) to produce porcine blastocysts PCR positive for PCV2. Embryos were obtained from in vitro maturation (IVM) and in vitro fertilization (IVF) of porcine oocytes or by parthenogenesis. Sperm suspension was exposed to PCV2b and utilized for IVF. PCV2 spiked semen did not reveal any reduction in sperm viability or motility but its ability to produce infected blastocysts was irrelevant as only one out of 15 blastocysts obtained by IVF were PCV2b; however two blastocysts were PCV2a positive. Furthermore, the presence of PCV2 was demonstrated also in embryos obtained by parthenogenesis (one out of 17 was PCV2b and one PCV2a positive). Even if PCV2 firmly attaches to the surface of spermatozoa, experimentally spiked sperm were not effective in infecting oocytes during IVF and in producing PCR positive embryos. The infected blastocysts we obtained derived most probably from infected oocytes recovered at the abattoir
Correlation of Anti-Salmonella Antibodies Between Serum and Saliva Samples Collected From Finisher Pigs
Full text linkSaliva samples obtained by using absorptive devices, can provide an alternative diagnostic matrix to serum for monitoring disease status in pigs. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation of anti-Salmonella antibodies between serum and saliva samples collected from pigs. Twenty individual paired serum and saliva samples were collected from a single farm. Anti-Salmonella IgG was detected in individual serum samples using a commercial Salmonella ELISA kit, validated for sera. The same kit was used with a protocol modified by extending incubation time and increasing temperature to test individual saliva samples. Anti-Salmonella IgG antibodies in pig saliva were always detected at a lower level than in the matching serum samples. A correlation (rho = 0.66; p = 0.002) and a moderate agreement (K > 0.62 p = 0.003) was found between individual Salmonella IgG in serum and saliva samples. Both correlation and the agreement levels are moderate. The size of this investigation was small, and further studies are necessary to further confirm these findings. The results of this work provide some evidence that saliva samples have the potential to be used for the diagnosis of Salmonella infection in pig farms
Primo studio pluriennale retrospettivo sulla prevalenza di Vibrio parahaemolyticus e Vibrio vulnificus nelle vongole veraci (Ruditapes philippinarum), in relazione alle condizioni ambientali nell’area di produzione della Sacca di Goro, Italia
No full textParatubercolosi nel sud Italia: presenza negli allevamenti e valutazione del rischio
No full textIl libro descrive una ricerca sulla presenza della paratubercolosi in Itlaia
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