1,721,256 research outputs found
Tako-Tsubo-Like Syndrome With Atypical Clinical Presentation: Case Report and Literature Review
No full textA 78-year-old woman presented herself at emergency for the appearance of severe dyspnea. An electrocardiogram showed signs of inferior and anterior necrosis, and laboratory tests showed a small increase of myocardial cytonecrosis enzymes. An echocardiogram detected a reduction of global systolic function (ejection fraction [EF] approximately 40%) as well as akinesia of the apex, interventricular septum middle segments, and anterior and anterolateral walls, with basal segments showing compensatory hyperkinesia. The coronarography showed a coronary tree substantially free from significant lesions. The patient was transferred to the cardiology unit of our hospital. Based on the contained increase of the cardiac enzymes, the absence of coronary lesions, and the presence of typical echocardiography alterations, we suspected a Tako-tsubo-like syndrome. On deeper anamnestic investigation, an event of strong emotional stress emerged preceding the hospital admission that confirmed the pathology, even though it is atypical to see clinical presentation a long time after a stressful event
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors as a therapeutic opportunity to counteract inflammaging and age-related diseases: New evidence from epidemiological data
Full text linkNucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs), widely used to treat HIV and hepatitis B, have recently been shown to possess anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting inflammasome activation. Epidemiological studies have revealed a significantly reduced incidence of age-related diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), among patients chronically treated with NRTIs, but not with other classes of antiretroviral drugs. In this short review, we explore the mechanistic and clinical evidence linking NRTIs to reduced inflammaging, with particular attention to their effects on endogenous retroelements such as LINEs, SINEs and human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs). These elements, increasingly active with age, contribute to sterile inflammation and disease progression. NRTIs may mitigate this process by blocking reverse transcriptase-dependent formation of RNA:DNA hybrids and other immunostimulatory nucleic acid species. Although mitochondrial toxicity has been a concern, it mainly applies to older NRTIs and is much less pronounced with newer, safer compounds. NRTIs thus represent a compelling case for drug repurposing in the context of age-related diseases. Efforts should be devoted to developing new drugs that overcome NRTIs side effects and retain the anti-inflammaging properties of the parent drugs
Circulating microRNAs (miRs) for diagnosing acute myocardial infarction: An exciting challenge.
Full text linkLipoxygenase inhibitors for cancer prevention: promises and risks
Full text linkIt is well established that an increase of n-6 polyunsaturated (i.e. arachidonic and arachidonic-converted linoleic acids) fat dietary intake enhances carcinogenesis and promotes tumorigenesis through oxidative metabolism. The Cyclooxygenase (COX) and Lipoxygenase (LOX) enzymes mediate the oxidative metabolism of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and generate a cascade of biological active molecules. Nonsteroidal antinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) modulating arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism have been utilized in cancer chemoprevention. The gastrolesivity of a prolonged use of nonselective NSAIDs, due to the COX inhibition, an important housekeeping gene of the gastrointestinal system, contraindicated their use in chemoprevention. Moreover, cardiovascular side effects emerged in the long-term use of COX-2 specific inhibitors rising doubts on their use for cancer chemoprevention. This evidence renewed the interest into other AA-metabolizing pathways relevant in inflammation and carcinogenesis. Here, the role of the LOXs pathways in carcinogenesis is reviewed. Inhibition of the LOX pathways, alone or in association with COX-2 pathway, appears to be a promising field for detecting new molecular target and engineering new chemopreventive strategies on cancer
Genetic polymorphism in long-lived people: Cues for the presence of an insulin/IGF-pathway-dependent network affecting human longevity
No full textProgress of research on microRNAs with diagnostic value in asbestos exposure: A call for method standardization
No full textMalignant mesothelioma (MM) is an insidious, lethal asbestos-related cancer that is poorly responsive to current treatments. Specific and sensitive biomarkers providing early MM diagnosis in exposed subjects, who are at high-risk of developing it, are sorely needed. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, non-coding, small RNAs with a well-established diagnostic role in cancer and pollution exposure. In a recent systematic review and qualitative meta-analysis followed by a functional investigation, we examined all the available data on the miRNA biomarkers involved in asbestos exposure and MM pathways. This invited commentary aims to provide an insightful critique into the state of the art of the research into clinically relevant miRNA biomarkers, highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of current research efforts in this field. It also reviews the suggestions advanced to improve biomarker development productivity and the translation of research results into clinical practice, stressing that multicenter multidisciplinary studies adopting standardized methods and protocol sharing are the key to move from the workbench to the clinic
Toward precision interventions and metrics of inflammaging
No full textInflammaging describes a chronic, systemic, low-grade inflammatory state that is recognized as a major risk factor for age-related diseases (ARDs) and a pivotal convergence point of multiple biological mechanisms involved in aging. Here, we discuss the heterogeneity of inflammaging, proposing that it emerges as a consequence of each individual’s lifelong exposures to inflammatory stimuli, shaped by a unique combination of genetics, lifestyle, socioeconomic conditions and environmental factors such as infections and pollution. Through this lens, we then discuss measuring inflammaging, describing the development of inflammatory clocks that quantify inflammatory age and show strong associations with ARD incidence as well as how other aging clocks intersect with inflammaging. Finally, we consider interventions that may counteract inflammaging, including nutritional interventions, physical activity and gerotherapies such as senolytics. We propose that deepening our knowledge of the individual nature of inflammaging stands to enhance our understanding of personalized aging trajectories and inform precision interventions
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