379 research outputs found
Severe dislocation of mandibular second premolar associated with deep ankylosis of primary molar
No full textKayoko Nagayama, Yuko Ogaya, Masakazu Hamada, Rena Okawa, Narikazu Uzawa, Kazuhiko Nakano, Severe dislocation of mandibular second premolar associated with deep ankylosis of primary molar, Pediatric Dental Journal, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdj.2022.03.003.Background: Severe ankylosis is rare and any affected teeth are unlikely to exfoliate spontaneously. If left untreated, subsequent complications can develop. Case presentation: We treated a boy aged 10 years with a tooth affected by ankylosis for a long period, which caused dislocation of the mandibular second premolar. Because adjacent teeth were inclined, there was insufficient space for extraction and space regaining therapy was required. Conclusion: It is important to properly determine the severity of the ankylosed tooth when it is detected and provide treatment with appropriate timing
Severe dislocation of mandibular second premolar associated with deep ankylosis of primary molar
No full textKayoko Nagayama, Yuko Ogaya, Masakazu Hamada, Rena Okawa, Narikazu Uzawa, Kazuhiko Nakano, Severe dislocation of mandibular second premolar associated with deep ankylosis of primary molar, Pediatric Dental Journal, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdj.2022.03.003.Background: Severe ankylosis is rare and any affected teeth are unlikely to exfoliate spontaneously. If left untreated, subsequent complications can develop. Case presentation: We treated a boy aged 10 years with a tooth affected by ankylosis for a long period, which caused dislocation of the mandibular second premolar. Because adjacent teeth were inclined, there was insufficient space for extraction and space regaining therapy was required. Conclusion: It is important to properly determine the severity of the ankylosed tooth when it is detected and provide treatment with appropriate timing
Utilization and Cultivation of Aquatic Plants in the Lower Yangtze River Region in China
No full textThis paper focuses on aquatic plants in the Lower Yangtze River region and analyzes the changes in their utilization and cultivation based on books of agronomy, materia medica, and local gazetteers in an effort to investigate new aspects of developmental history of the Lower Yangtze River region. Analysis of plant remains from the Neolithic Tianluoshan 田螺山 site in Yuyao, Zhejiang province indicates that aquatic plants, such as water chestnuts (菱) and gordon euryale (芡), were important components of the diets of waterside residents from the Neolithic Age onward. It can be surmised from the Huozhi Liezhuan 貨殖列傳 of the Shiji 史記 that food strategies were chosen based on various aquatic resources in addition to rice in south China in the Former Han era. The 6th century agronomy book, Qiminyaoshu 齊民耍術, recorded five types of aquatic plants as byproducts from fish ponds, and later books on agronomy state that they came to be cultivated independently and that the variety of these plants also increased. Full-fledged cultivation of aquatic plants in the Lower Yangtze River region occurred after the Tang era. During the Song and Yuan eras, the varieties of water chestnuts and gordon euryale increased, and water bamboo (茭白) became popular as a food source, while the lotus was also cultivated for its blossoms. It is therefore clear that aquatic plants became commercial crops, which resulted in the large-scale cultivation of aquatic vegetables bringing with it new problems due to decreases in lake surface area and lack of water supply. In the Ming era, the development of commercial farming was accompanied by intensive farming, which required increased labor and expenditures for such activities as transplanting, applying fertilizer, and weeding. The cultivation of Chinese arrowhead (慈姑), Chinese water chestnut (荸薺), and water taro (水芋) also appeared at this time. These changes in the cultivation of aquatic plants were closely associated with the development of irrigation and drainage projects. From the Song era onward, low-lying land was cultivated by diked enclosures (weitian 圍田) or polders (yutian 圩田), while aquatic plants were cultivated in underdeveloped sunken areas (dang 蕩). Aquatic plants have been important resources for waterside peasants in China, and were useful in relieving the effects of grain (稻) shortages that occurred for various reasons
<Articles>Preparing for Famine: Relief and Food in Agricultural Books in China (Special Issue : Food)
No full text本稿では飢饉から人々を救う食の問題について、主に農書の記載に焦点をあてて検討を行う。古代中国では、飢えた民が山野に入り野生植物を食糧として利用することが度々行われた。このような緊急時の野生植物利用の背景には、民が経験的に積み重ねてきた知識や技術が存在した。一方、『斉民要術』などの農書には食糧を絶やさないための生産・保存・消費の工夫が盛り込まれており、農業生産の中に飢饉への備えを組み込んだ構造が存在していたことを読み取ることができる。元・王禎『穀譜』では、従来の農書の記載を踏襲しながらも飢饉への備えと済饑が強調されており、宋代に出現した救荒書の要素をとりこんだ新たな農書の形式を見出すことができる。王禎『穀譜』のスタイルは徐光啓『農政全書』「備荒」にも継承された。『穀譜』や『農政全書』には、民間の知識を利用して飢えを乗り切るための方法が多く収録された。農書のもつ多面性に注目すべきであろう。Famines have occurred many times throughout Chinese history, and each resulted in many refugees and deaths. Saving people from hunger and maintaining social stability was one of the main concerns of rulers, and many records concerning this problem have been preserved in documents such as official histories. However, in focusing on the issue of food to save the hungry, it is necessary to distance ourselves from the ideals and policies of the state and try as best we can to put ourselves in the shoes of the hungry. The purpose of this paper is to examine the issue of the food needed to save people from famine by focusing mainly on the descriptions in books on agriculture and on famine relief. In ancient China when a famine occurred due a natural disaster, there would often be descriptions of hungry people going into the hills and dales in search of wild plants, such as water chestnuts, aquatic-foxnuts, taro, rhizomes of water-shield, to satisfy their hunger. This phenomenon was common in southern China, which was blessed with abundant natural resources. Since the people had inherited the knowledge and skills to use these wild plants for food in normal times, they were able to utilize them during famines as well. This kind of popular knowledge of the use of wild plants was handed down among the people throughout the country and was incorporated into the bigu 辟穀 method fasting by avoiding grains. The knowledge was also retained because it was documented in books on famine relief from the Song dynasty onwards. During the Ming dynasty, the Jiuhuang bencao 救荒本草 of prince Zhu Su 朱橚, which contained information on how to identify and eat wild plants in emergencies, was published. Although books on famine relief mainly contained responses to a food emergency after a famine, it is also important to consider responses before famine strikes and how the issue of obtaining food in a famine was included in agricultural books. The Qiming yaoshu 斉民要術 contains information not only about the production of crops but also about their preservation and consumption. However, the Qiming yaoshu does not link this knowledge with famine, and there is no emphasis on the importance of famine preparation or use of words for relief. We can clearly see from this that there was a structure in agricultural production that encompassed famine preparation. However, in the Yuan dynasty, the characteristics of the agricultural books changed. The Gupu 穀譜, one part of three books on agriculture written by Wang Zhen 王禎, emphasizes the importance of saving food to prepare for natural disaster and methods of saving people from famine. The Gupu contains a section titled Beihuanglun 備荒論, which also introduced the method of bigu. The new type of agricultural book dealing with relief such as the Gupu emerged because of the influence of books on famine relief published from the Song dynasty onward. The format of Wang Zhen's Gupu was also inherited by the Nongzheng quanshu 農政全書 of Xu Guangqi 徐光啓. One volume of the Nongzheng quanshu entitled Huangzheng 荒政, included the Jiuhuang bencao with Xu Guangqi's comments written from the perspective of agricultural production. The Nongzheng quanshu also records scenes of people using locusts as food in the markets of Tianjin in the late Ming Dynasty (early 17th century). The works of Wang Zhen and Xu Guangqi introduced many methods to overcome hunger that had originated in folk knowledge. Agricultural books were not limited to agricultural techniques and incorporated many aspects of knowledge from various sources
Japanese Culture and Therapeutic Relationship
No full textJapanese culture is collectivistic by nature, and there are some culturally indigenous patterns which govern forming relationships in Japan. One of the important patterns is hierarchy. Counselling and psychotherapy are based on Western concepts and the Japanese view them differently. When the Japanese provide or use counselling and psychotherapy services, they generally follow Japanese methods of forming relationships, which results in a hierarchical relationship between client and therapist. In this article, after the hierarchical nature of relationship in the Japanese cultural context is introduced, reflections of this pattern of relationship in the author\u27s therapeutic work with Japanese clients are presented. Suggestions as to how this dynamic can be used positively in the therapeutic setting are also made
Japanese Students\u27 Experience of Adaptation and Acculturation of the United Kingdom
No full textMany Japanese students come to the U.K. to study. In general, studying is their primary aim but some have additional reasons such as personal development through exposure to another culture. As a result of the homogeneity of Japanese society, Japanese people are not necessarily used to other cultures especially if they have only lived within Japan. Due to the vast differences between Japanese and British cultures, many students have difficulties in adapting to British society (Nippoda, 2011). This article presents some culturally specific factors that affect students\u27 adaptation based on research (Nippoda, 1993). It focuses on four main points arising from clinical work: the language barrier, differences in communication styles and educational systems, the individual\u27s motivation and external pressure, and the effects of students\u27 insecure status in the host country
Yukon Food System Design and Planning Project: Progress and Looking Forward
No full textInvited presentation at the North of 60 Agriculture Conference, hosted by the Yukon Agriculture Branch, Yukon Agricultural Association, and Yukon Young Farmers, Whitehorse, Yuko
幼稚園における養護教諭の役割と必要性 : 幼稚園での保健活動の実態をふまえて
No full text幼稚園における養護教諭の役割及び必要性を明らかにするとともに，幼稚園における保健活動の実態を把握しさらに充実させるために，A 市の全幼稚園を対象として質問紙調査を行ったところ，以下の4点について明らかになった。（１） 独立した保健室を設置している園は少なく，職員室に保健・医務コーナーを設けている園が多かった。（２） 園児に多い健康問題として，「食物アレルギー」や「発達障害」を回答した園が多く，園の教職員だけでなく，保護者も育児を行う中でこのような健康課題に悩んでいることが明らかとなった。（３） 幼稚園における保健活動について，園長や教諭を中心に行われていたが，保健活動を行う中で困り事を抱えていることや，他校種と比較すると行われていない項目があった。（４） 養護教諭または保健職員を配置している園は約１割と非常に少なく，幼稚園における養護教諭の配置は進んでいないことが明らかとなった。これらの結果を踏まえ，幼稚園には他校種と同様に独立した保健室及び養護教諭の配置が必要であると考える。法律の改正や財政上の補助が整備されること，幼稚園の教職員等に保健活動の重要性の周知を促し，配置を推進することにより保健活動が充実し，教育活動がさらに円滑に進むことに期待する
Chemo radiotherapy for locally advanced head and neck cancer(Minimally Invasive Treatments,Workshop)
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