1,571 research outputs found
Strategie innovative per contrastare la produzione di biofilm batterici e fungini nel cavo orale: studi in vitro
No full textLa cavità orale è un ambiente eterogeneo, composto da diversi habitat con caratteristiche diverse, idonee allo stabilirsi di popolazioni microbiche diverse. Le comunità microbiche residenti nella cavità orale svolgono un ruolo chiave nella salute della bocca perché mantengono l’omeostasi locale, oppongono resistenza agli agenti patogeni e modulano il sistema immunitario. L’alterazione di questo equilibrio consente ai patogeni opportunisti di predominare e organizzarsi in biofilm, determinando l’insorgenza di patologie orali spesso difficili da trattare. In questo contesto, l’impiego di composti naturali (propoli, erbe aromatiche, spezie) e probiotici rappresenta una strategia innovativa per mantenere la salute della cavità orale, ridurre l’insorgenza di patologie ad eziologia infettiva e limitare l’uso inappropriato di antibiotici che, negli ultimi decenni, ha portato ad un drammatico aumento della farmaco-resistenza.
Recentemente, sono entrati in commercio un dentifricio (Peribioma) e una gomma da masticare, contenenti microcristalli di idrossiapatite biomimetici (MicroR) e probiotici, utili a limitare la sensibilità dentinale e mantenere il microbiota orale in equilibrio. Inoltre, studi in vitro hanno fornito le prime evidenze sull’efficacia dell’estratto di melograno (PomeGr), come fonte di molecole bioattive con molteplici effetti benefici.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) e Candida albicans (C. albicans) sono microrganismi responsabili di diverse manifestazioni cliniche anche nel cavo orale. A causa , infatti, della loro forte capacità di aderire e persistere su superfici abiotiche e biotiche, spesso causano infezioni associate a biofilm, clinicamente rilevanti e difficili da trattare.
Lo scopo della presente tesi è quello di valutare in vitro nuovi strumenti per contrastare la produzione di biofilm batterici e fungini nel cavo orale.
In primo luogo, abbiamo valutato in vitro gli effetti del dentifricio Peribioma e della gomma masticabile su microrganismi del cavo orale e sulla loro capacità di produrre biofilm su elastici ortodontici. Il nostro studio ha dimostrato la capacità di questi prodotti di influenzare il comportamento dei microrganismi orali, compromettendo la produzione di placca sui dispositivi ortodontici.
In secondo luogo, abbiamo studiato gli effetti di MicroR e PomeGr sulla produzione di biofilm da parte di P. aeruginosa, S. aureus e C. albicans, dimostrando che PomeGr e MicroR, da soli o in combinazione, causano un decremento nella produzione di biofilm in tutti i casi, sebbene con efficacia diversa.
In terzo luogo, abbiamo valutato in vitro gli effetti anti-candida di PomeGr dimostrando che la crescita fungina, la formazione di biofilm e il rilascio di autoinduttori sono alterati dal trattamento con PomeGr. Inoltre, mediante spettrometria di massa, abbiamo rilevato il consumo di vari composti fenolici [peduncolagina, punicalina, punicalagina, granatina, di-(HHDP-galloil-esoside)-pentoside, ellagico-esoside], suggerendo il loro ruolo come molecole bioattive contro Candida.
Questi dati in vitro aprono le porte a studi clinici volti a definire nuovi protocolli per contrastare le infezioni associate al biofilm orale.The oral cavity is a heterogeneous environment, composed of different habitats with different characteristics, suitable for the establishment of different microbial populations. Microbial communities living in the oral cavity play a key role in oral health because they maintain local homeostasis, resist pathogens, and modulate the immune system. The alteration of this balance allows opportunistic pathogens to predominate and organize themselves in biofilms, determining the onset of oral pathologies often difficult to treat. In this context, the use of natural compounds (propolis, herbs, spices) and probiotics represents an innovative strategy to maintain the health of the oral cavity, reduce the occurrence of pathologies with infectious etiology and limit the inappropriate use of antibiotics that, in recent decades, has led to a dramatic increase in drug-resistance.
Recently, a toothpaste (Peribioma) and chewing gum, containing microcrystals of biomimetic hydroxyapatites (microR) and probiotics, useful to limit the tooth sensitivity and keep the oral microbiota in balance, have entered the market. In addition, in vitro studies have provided initial evidence on the effectiveness of pomegranate extract (PomeGr), as a source of bioactive molecules with multiple beneficial effects.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Candida albicans (C. albicans) are responsible for various clinical manifestations also in the oral cavity. Because of their strong ability to adhere and persist on abiotic and biotic surfaces, they often cause infections associated with biofilms, clinically relevant and difficult to treat.
The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate in vitro new tools to counteract the production of bacterial and fungal biofilms in the oral cavity. First, we evaluated in vitro the effects of Peribioma toothpaste and chewable gum on oral microorganisms and their ability to produce biofilm on orthodontic elastic bands. Our study demonstrated the ability of these products to influence the behavior of oral microorganisms, compromising the production of plaque onto orthodontic devices. Secondly, we investigated the effects of microR and PomeGr on biofilm production by P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and C. albicans, showing that PomeGr and microR, alone or in combination, cause a decrease in biofilm production in all cases, though with different effectiveness. Thirdly, we have evaluated in vitro the anti-Candida effects of PomeGr by demonstrating that fungal growth, biofilm formation, and autoinducer release are altered by treatment with PomeGr. In addition, by mass spectrometry, we detected the consumption of various phenolic compounds [pedunclagine, punicalin, punicalagin, grenadine, di-(HHDP-galloil-esoside)-pentoside, ellagic-exoside], suggesting their role as bioactive molecules against Candida.
This in vitro data opens the door to clinical studies aimed at defining new protocols to counteract infections associated with oral biofilm
The Anti-Gingivitis Effect of Two Commercial Toothpastes: A 21 Day, Partial-Mouth, Double Blind, Randomized Study
No full textAbstract: Objective: While mechanical plaque removal represents the standard preventive practice, the high prevalence of gingival disease motivates the use of toothpaste to vehicle chemicals that aid plaque control.
The objective of this study is to compare the effectiveness of two commercial toothpastes in reducing gingival inflammation and prevent dental plaque accumulation.
Materials and Methods: This study has a cross-over, randomized and double blind design with a partial mouth experimental model. The study is composed by two experimental phases of 3 weeks each, followed by a 21 day wash out interval. During the experimental phases experimental teeth were protected from toothbrushing through a toothshield filled with the tested toothpaste. At the beginning and at the end of the two experimental phases, plaque and gingival status were measured using Plaque Control Record and the Bleeding Index.
The Student t-test for paired data was used to assess whether differences between toothpastes were statistically significant (p<0.05).
Results: At day 21 the bleeding index (BOP) remains approximately constant despite the increase of Plaque Control Record in both groups. The toothpaste with MicroRepair/hyaluronic acid/ ZnPCA performed slightly better than the toothpaste with Triclosan/Copolymer, but the difference is not statistically significant.
Conclusions: Tested toothpastes have comparable effectiveness in the contrast of the accumulation of plaque and of gingival inflammation
Lettera di Alessandra
No full textUn ritratto critico dell'opera di Alessandra Carnaroli, autrice fra le più apprezzate delle ultime generazioni della poesia di ricerca. La sezione a lei dedicata, nel numero della rivista, contiene inoltre saggi di Cecilia Bello Minciacchi, Andrea Cortellessa, e Ivan Schiavone; e vari inediti dell'autrice. Il saggio è pubblicato con lo pseudonimo di Tommaso Ottonieri.A critical portrait of the work of Alessandra Carnaroli, author of the most appreciated in the latest generations of italian research poetry. Published under the pseudonym Tommaso Ottonieri
Selected letters of Alessandra Strozzi
No full textThe letters of Alessandra Strozzi provide a vivid and spirited portrayal of life in fifteenth-century Florence. Among the richest autobiographical materials to survive from the Italian Renaissance, the letters reveal a woman who fought stubbornly to preserve her family's property and position in adverse circumstances, and who was an acute observer of Medicean society. Her letters speak of political and social status, of the concept of honor, and of the harshness of life, including the plague and the loss of children. They are also a guide to Alessandra's inner life over a period of twenty-three years, revealing the pain and sorrow, and, more rarely, the joy and triumph, with which she responded to the events unfolding around her.This edition includes translations, in full or in part, of 35 of the 73 extant letters. The selections carry forward the story of Alessandra's life and illustrate the range of attitudes, concerns, and activities which were characteristic of their author
Challenging the author: Gavin Douglas's Eneados
No full textGavin Douglas’s Eneados, a translation into the “Scottis” tongue of Virgil’s Aeneid, completed in 1513 and first published in London in 1553, presents, as well as the translation of the additional thirteenth book by Maphaeus Vegius, original prologues and marginal notes to the text, rubrics and articulate conclusive material. The present paper analyses this complex paratext as evidence of Douglas’s almost philological attention to the original and his preoccupation with a faithful reproduction; it is also suggested that the models for his organization of the commentary might be both medieval (i.e., manuscripts such as Petrarch’s Virgilius Ambrosianus) and early modern, as in the case of editions of classical works: the most apt example being Jodocus Badius Ascensius’ edition of the Aeneid, printed in 1501. The Eneados thus stands on the threshold between manuscript and print, and might have indicated new possibilities of use of the printing medium in Scotland, and of the value of the translation of a classical text, had history not intervened with the Scottish defeat at Flodden Fields in 1513, which put a temporary stop both to the circulation of the Eneados and to the development of Scottish printing
Nicetas Nicaenus, De azymis
No full textThe RAP online repertorium offers the first comprehensive catalogue of polemical literature related to the schism between the Roman Catholic and Orthodox Churches from the 9th to the 16th century and can be described as an ideal continuation of the *Clavis Patrum*.
Each entry identifies the work (often unpublished or newly discovered in manuscript catalogs), lists its various titles (since medieval texts often lack stable titles), provides incipit and explicit (with possible variations), and examines the manuscript tradition and foliation (by reviewing catalogs or manuscripts, verifying dates, folios, etc.). It also includes relevant bibliography (critical editions and studies), identifies the author (using prosopographical studies, dictionaries, repertories, sigillography, etc.), and provides essential biographical details. Each work is classified by literary genre (e.g., treatise, dialogue), the corresponding Byzantine term, and the main polemical themes (e.g., Filioque, Azymes, Purgatory), and is assigned a unique RAP identification number.
The Repertorium Auctorum Polemicorum is identified by the International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) 3035-2096 [continuously updated publication
Polemica scripta anonyma, Dialogus inter Graecum et Cardinales quosdam de processione Spiritus Sancti
No full textThe RAP online repertorium offers the first comprehensive catalogue of polemical literature related to the schism between the Roman Catholic and Orthodox Churches from the 9th to the 16th century and can be described as an ideal continuation of the *Clavis Patrum*.
Each entry identifies the work (often unpublished or newly discovered in manuscript catalogs), lists its various titles (since medieval texts often lack stable titles), provides incipit and explicit (with possible variations), and examines the manuscript tradition and foliation (by reviewing catalogs or manuscripts, verifying dates, folios, etc.). It also includes relevant bibliography (critical editions and studies), identifies the author (using prosopographical studies, dictionaries, repertories, sigillography, etc.), and provides essential biographical details. Each work is classified by literary genre (e.g., treatise, dialogue), the corresponding Byzantine term, and the main polemical themes (e.g., Filioque, Azymes, Purgatory), and is assigned a unique RAP identification number.
The Repertorium Auctorum Polemicorum is identified by the International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) 3035-2096 [continuously updated publication
Theophylactus Bulgariae archiepiscopus, Allocutio ad quemdam ex suis familiaribus de iis quorum Latini incusantur
No full textThe RAP online repertorium offers the first comprehensive catalogue of polemical literature related to the schism between the Roman Catholic and Orthodox Churches from the 9th to the 16th century and can be described as an ideal continuation of the *Clavis Patrum*.
Each entry identifies the work (often unpublished or newly discovered in manuscript catalogs), lists its various titles (since medieval texts often lack stable titles), provides incipit and explicit (with possible variations), and examines the manuscript tradition and foliation (by reviewing catalogs or manuscripts, verifying dates, folios, etc.). It also includes relevant bibliography (critical editions and studies), identifies the author (using prosopographical studies, dictionaries, repertories, sigillography, etc.), and provides essential biographical details. Each work is classified by literary genre (e.g., treatise, dialogue), the corresponding Byzantine term, and the main polemical themes (e.g., Filioque, Azymes, Purgatory), and is assigned a unique RAP identification number.
The Repertorium Auctorum Polemicorum is identified by the International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) 3035-2096 [continuously updated publication
Polemica scripta anonyma, Contra unionem ecclesiarum
No full textThe RAP online repertorium offers the first comprehensive catalogue of polemical literature related to the schism between the Roman Catholic and Orthodox Churches from the 9th to the 16th century and can be described as an ideal continuation of the *Clavis Patrum*.
Each entry identifies the work (often unpublished or newly discovered in manuscript catalogs), lists its various titles (since medieval texts often lack stable titles), provides incipit and explicit (with possible variations), and examines the manuscript tradition and foliation (by reviewing catalogs or manuscripts, verifying dates, folios, etc.). It also includes relevant bibliography (critical editions and studies), identifies the author (using prosopographical studies, dictionaries, repertories, sigillography, etc.), and provides essential biographical details. Each work is classified by literary genre (e.g., treatise, dialogue), the corresponding Byzantine term, and the main polemical themes (e.g., Filioque, Azymes, Purgatory), and is assigned a unique RAP identification number.
The Repertorium Auctorum Polemicorum is identified by the International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) 3035-2096 [continuously updated publication
Antibacterial Effects of MicroRepair®BIOMA-Based Toothpaste and Chewing Gum on Orthodontic Elastics Contaminated In Vitro with Saliva from Healthy Donors: A Pilot Study
No full textSeveral new products with innovative formulations are being proposed to facilitate oral care. Here, we evaluated the effects of a commercially available product, a toothpaste and chewing gum named Biorepair Peribioma, on oral microorganisms of healthy subjects. Saliva from six volunteers was collected during 20 min of mastication of a traditional gum (gum A) and the Biorepair Peribioma gum (gum P). Orthodontic elastics (OE) were in vitro contaminated with salivary samples, both A and P, and subsequently exposed or not to a Biorepair Peribioma toothpaste-conditioned supernatant (Tp-SUP). The salivary samples were tested for initial microbial load; hence, the contaminated OE were assessed for microbial growth, adhesion, biofilm formation and persistence; moreover, species identification was assessed. We found that the salivary samples A and P had similar microbial load; upon contamination, microbial adhesion onto the OE was detected to a lower extent when using saliva P with respect to saliva A. Microbial growth and biofilm formation, assessed at 24 h, remained at lower levels in OE exposed to saliva P, compared to saliva A. This difference between salivary samples A and P was confirmed when measuring biofilm persistence (48 h), while it was lost in terms of microbial re-growth (48 h). The Tp-SUP treatment drastically affected microbial load at 24 h and strongly impaired biofilm formation/persistence, in OE exposed to both salivary samples A and P. Finally, such treatment resulted in consistent overgrowth of Lactobacilli, bacterial species originally present both in the Biorepair Peribioma toothpaste and gum. In conclusion, by an in vitro pilot study, we show that the Biorepair Peribioma toothpaste and gum deeply affect oral microorganisms’ behavior, drastically impairing their ability to contaminate and produce plaque onto orthodontic devices
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