5 research outputs found
Composition of pigment complex in leaves of soybean plants, inoculated by Bradyrhizobium japonicum, subject to metal nanocarboxylates and various-levels of water supply
No full textA distinctive feature of legumes is the ability to combine two most important processes: photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation. However, the course of those processes, and therefore seed potential of those crops depend on a number of biotic and abiotic factors, the commonest being drought. Therefore, interest in physical-biochemical resistance of the plant organism to abiotic stress factors is increasing, as well as search for optimum ways to increase its adaptability. Success of adaptation of a plant’s organism to unfavourable environmental factors is known to largely depend on optimal functioning of assimilative apparatus. Some indicators of the condition of the apparatus are the content and ratio of photosynthesis pigments. Therefore, we aimed at determining the reaction of the pigment complex of Glycine max (L.) Merr. plants, grown against the background of optimal and insufficient watering, to inoculation of seeds with rhizobia bacteria Bradyrhizobium japonicum, cultivated using nanocarboxylates of chromium, cobalt, iron, copper and germanium. Research has shown that utilization of germanium nanocarboxylate as a component of inoculative suspension led to the highest content of chlorophylls in leaves of soybean of the studied variants in the blossoming phase during optimal watering, as well as significant increase in the content of carotenoids compared with the control plants regardless of the level of watering. At the same time, this element caused no significant effect on the chlorophyll content in plants grown in drought. It was confirmed that among soybean plants that were in stress conditions (blossoming phase) for two weeks, the highest content of chlorophylls was in leaves of plants grown from seeds inoculated with rhizobial suspension with addition of chromium and copper nanocarboxylates, which caused 25.3% and 22.8% increase in chlorophyll а, 29.4% and 32.3% in chlorophyll b and 26.4%% and 23.8% in them respectively, compared with the control. Furthermore, chromium and copper nanocarboxylates stimulated the content of carotenoids in the same plants, though it was less expressed than after adding germanium nanocarboxylate. The highest content of photosynthetic pigments in plants after the watering was resumed (phase of bean formation) was in cases of applying chromium and germanium nanocarboxylates. It was confirmed that the most efficient way to protect the pigment complex of soybean plants during drought was using chromium and germanium nanocarboxylates as components of inoculation suspension. The results we obtained indicate the possibility of applying chromium nanocarboxylate in the technology of cultivating soybean in the conditions of water deficiency as an effective way to improve biosynthesis of chlorophylls, as well as using germanium nanocarboxyllate as a component that provides a high level of activity of protective mechanisms of the pigment system of soybean, associated with resisting stress caused by water deficiency
Identification of polyfunctional inhibitors against molecular targets used in the treatment of obesity and diabetes
No full textdiagramas, ilustraciones a color, tablasLa diabesidad, término acuñado para referirse a la íntima relación entre las enfermedades diabetes tipo 2 y obesidad, se ha convertido en una problemática de carácter mundial sin distinguir entre poblaciones adultas e infantiles. A nivel global se reporta que, en los últimos años, el 44 % de los casos de diabetes tipo 2, el 23 % de cardiopatía isquémica y cerca del 41 % de los reportes de cáncer son atribuibles al sobrepeso o la obesidad. De allí que surja la necesidad de emprender investigaciones encaminadas en la búsqueda de tratamientos polifuncionales para obesidad y diabetes tipo II por la alta relación de estas patologías con comorbilidades de diversa índole.
Dentro de las estrategias de búsqueda de nuevos tratamientos para obesidad y diabetes tipo 2, se encuentra la inhibición de enzimas digestivas secretadas por el páncreas como α-glucosidasa (AG), α-amilasa (AA) y lipasa pancreática (LP), tres blancos terapéuticos que están ampliamente descritos a nivel estructural y funcional, lo que permite usarlos para el desarrollo de estudios in silico e in vitro. En este sentido, los productos naturales constituyen una de las fuentes prometedoras para emprender este tipo de estudios, debido a que están constituidos por sustancias con amplia diversidad química y múltiples propiedades biológicas, hecho que representa una ventaja para encontrar sustancias con acción multidiana.
Existe una amplia evidencia de la acción de productos naturales de diversas fuentes en aproximaciones in silico de lo que significaría una inhibición de los blancos moleculares descritos anteriormente. En el presente trabajo se realizó un cribado virtual por acoplamiento molecular en los sitios catalíticos de las enzimas AG, AA y LP en la búsqueda de compuestos con una alta interacción en los sitios catalíticos de las dianas biológicas, empleando una base de datos de productos naturales obtenida a partir de librerías de productos naturales comerciales depositadas en la base de datos Zinc15 (Zinc15.docking.org).
Para los estudios de cribado virtual, por acoplamiento molecular, se utilizaron tres programas AutoDock 4.2, AutoDock Vina 1.1.2 y Glide. Para la interpretación y análisis de resultados se utilizaron los programas Pymol y Free Maestro®. Los compuestos con potencial de inhibición polifuncional sobre los blancos moleculares fueron seleccionados por medio de un método de consenso y consolidación, posteriormente, a partir de un ensayo experimental preliminar con LP se identificó el potencial de las moléculas; y como último punto, aquellas moléculas con actividad polifuncional se tomaron como insumo para postular un modelo de farmacóforo cualitativo que explique la relación estructura actividad.
Aquellas moléculas que resultaron promisorias pertenecen a diferentes categorías de metabolitos, interesantemente con mejores comportamientos que las moléculas de referencia frente a las enzimas de estudio, de esta manera se postula un grupo de moléculas con alta probabilidad de efectuar acción polifuncional.Diabesity, a term coined to refer to the intimate relationship between type 2 diabetes diseases and obesity, has become a worldwide problem without distinguishing between adult and child populations. At a global level, it is reported that, in recent years, 44 % of type 2 diabetes cases, 23 % of ischemic heart disease, and about 41 % of cancer reports are attributable to overweight or obesity. Hence, the need arises to undertake research aimed at the search for polyfunctional treatments for obesity and type 2 diabetes due to the high relationship of these pathologies with comorbidities of various kinds.
Among the search strategies for new treatments for obesity and type 2 diabetes, is the inhibition of digestive enzymes secreted by the pancreas such as α-glucosidase (AG), α-amylase (AA) and pancreatic lipase (LP), three targets therapeutics that are widely described at the structural and functional level, which allows them to be used for the development of in silico and in vitro studies. In this sense, natural products constitute one of the promising sources to undertake this type of study, because they are made up of substances with wide chemical diversity and multiple biological properties, a fact that represents an advantage in finding substances with multitarget action.
There is ample evidence of the action of natural products from various sources in in silico approximations of what an inhibition of the molecular targets described above would mean. In the present work, a virtual screening was carried out by molecular docking in the catalytic sites of the enzymes AG, AA and LP in the search for compounds with high interactions in the catalytic sites of the biological targets, using a database of natural products obtained from libraries of commercial natural products deposited in the Zinc15 database (Zinc15.docking.org).
For the virtual screening studies, by molecular docking, three programs AutoDock 4.2, AutoDock Vina 1.1.2 and Glide were used. For the interpretation and analysis of results, the Pymol and Free Maestro® programs were used. Compounds with polyfunctional inhibition potential on molecular targets were selected by means of a consensus and consolidation method. Later, from a preliminary experimental test with LP, the potential of the molecules was identified; and as a last point, those molecules with polyfunctional activity were taken as input to postulate a qualitative pharmacophore model that explains the structure-activity relationship.
Those molecules that were promising to belong to different categories of metabolites, interestingly with better behaviors than the reference molecules compared to the study enzymes, in this way a group of molecules with a high probability of carrying out polyfunctional action is postulated.MaestríaMagíster en Ciencias - QuímicaQuímica computaciona
Оценка анатомии и функции левого предсердия по данным мультиспиральной компьютерной томографии при подготовке к радиочастотной катетерной абляции у пациентов с фибрилляцией предсердий
No full textAtrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia encountered in clinical practice. Сatheter ablation (CA) of arrhythmogenic foci is supposed to be an established treatment option for symptomatic patients with AF, refractory to antiarrhythmic therapy. Pre-procedural imaging is indispensable for the assessment of left atrium, pulmonary veins and adjacent anatomy, and facilitates selection of the ablation strategy to achieve an optimal result and minimize the risk of complications.Purpose: to evaluate the role of contrast-enhanced MDCT in patients with AF; also to present the prospects for further development of this method according to the systemic review of world research data.Materials and methods. 140 free access articles requested as “MDCT left atrium”, “MDCT pulmonary veins”, “MDCT atrial appendage” from 01.2009 until 01.2017 were analyzed in PubMed, as well as a number of Russianlanguage articles in eLibrary.Results. This literature review reports and systematizes available data on epidemiology and mechanisms of AF, represents current classification. In addition were analyzed advantages of MDCT over other methods of visualization while planning the CA and follow-up.Conclusion. MDCT is precise, effective and accessible option, which satisfies visualization requirements during the preparation for CA. Moreover, using MDCT in combination with electro-mapping systems increases safety and effectiveness of the procedure. In postoperative period MDCT can be used for complications diagnostic and results assessment.Фибрилляция предсердий (ФП) является наиболее распространенным нарушением ритма в клинической практике. Оптимальной терапией ФП, рефрактерной к противоаритмическим препаратам, на настоящий момент признана катетерная абляция (КА) аритмогенных очагов. Визуализация перед проведением процедуры необходима для детальной оценки левого предсердия, легочных вен и прилежащих анатомических структур, что позволяет оптимально спланировать вмешательство, а также спрогнозировать и предотвратить возможные осложнения.Цель исследования: определить роль мультиспиральной компьютерной томографии (МСКТ) с контрастным усилением в обследовании пациентов с ФП, а также оценить перспективы развития данной мето дики на основании систематического обзора мировой литературы.Материал и методы. Проанализированы 140 статей, находящихся в свободном доступе в системе PubMed за период с 01.2009 по 01.2017 по запросам “MDCT left atrium”, “MDCT pulmonary veins”, “MDCT atrial appendage”, а также ряд русскоязычных публикаций в системе eLibrary.Результаты. В обзоре литературы представлены и систематизированы имеющиеся данные по эпидемиологии и механизмам развития ФП, приведена актуальная классификация. Рассмотрены преимущества МСКТ-диагностики перед другими методами визуализации как в рамках подготовки к процедуре КА, так и последующего ведения пациентов.Заключение. МСКТ является точным, эффективным и доступным методом, отвечающим требованиям визуализации в рамках подготовки к КА. Кроме того, МСКТ в совокупности с навигационной системой электроанатомического картирования увеличивает безопасность и эффективность процедуры. В послеоперационном периоде МСКТ может быть использована для диагностики осложнений и оценки результата
