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Examining the Authorship of Nahj al-Balāgha: Between Ali Ibn Abi Talib, al-Sharif al-Radi, and al-Sharif al-Murtad
No full text"نهج البلاغة" كتاب يُنسَب إلى عليّ بن أبي طالب رضي الله عنه يتضمّن عددًا من الخطب والمواعظ والعهود والرّسائل والحِكَم والوصايا والآداب، توزّعت على 238 خطبة، و 79 رسالة و 489 قولا، يرى الشّيعة في "النّهج" أنّه أحد الكتب المهمّة الّتي يجب على الشّيعي قراءتها والأخذ والتعلّم منها، وقد اختلف الدّارسون والنّقّاد القدامى والمعاصرون في مؤلّـِفه، فمنهم مَن اعتبره لعليّ بن أبي طالب ومنهم من اعتبره للشّريف الرَّضيّ، وفريق ثالث جعله للشّريف المرتضى. تتناول هذه الدراسة بالاستقصاء والتحقّق والتحليل نسبة الكتاب إلى صاحبه أو ما يُزيل الإبهام، هل هو عليّ بن أبي طالب؟ أم الشّريف الرَّضيّ؟ أم الشّريف المرتضى؟ ويحاول أن يرجّح لمن يُنسَب كتاب نهج البلاغة، وما مدى مصداقيـّته؟ وما مدى صحّة نسبة كتاب نهج البلاغة لعليّ، وما رأي الدّارسين والعلماء فيه؟ وما هي أهمّ المطاعن الموجّهة إلى نهج البلاغة؟The book Nahj al-Balagha is a collection of sermons, letters, adages, commandments, and etiquettes, divided into 238 sermons, 79 treatises, and 489 sayings. People following the Shiite sect regard it as a crucial text for teaching and learning, and they attribute it to Ali Ibn Abi Talib. Yet, the book’s real author is still disputed among Sharia scholars. While some attribute it to Ali Ibn Abi Talib, others claim that al-Sharif al-Radi is the book’s actual author, whereas another group attribute it to al-Sharif al-Murtada. This study employs a comprehensive approach to investigate and analyze the book’s authorship. It involves a detailed literary and historical analysis, examining primary sources, scholarly works, and critical literature to explore the real author of the text. It compares the content of the book with other authenticated works belonging to the potential authors in order to identify similarities and differences. By evaluating the style, language, and themes of Nahj al-Balagha, as well as reviewing historical documents and manuscripts, the study aims to trace the text’s origins and transmissions. In doing so, it addresses the significant critiques and controversies surrounding the text, enhancing our understanding of its historical and literary significance. The study further contributes to the ongoing discourse on the book’s authorship, providing more clarity on the topic and promoting additional scholarly research
The effects of high-dose heparin on inflammatory and coagulation parameters following cardiopulmonary bypass
No full textSystemic inflammation and the activation of the coagulation system following cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) may contribute to postoperative complications. In vitro studies have demonstrated that heparin posseses anti-inflammatory properties. To ascertain the relative benefits of high versus low heparin doses, we studied the impact of varying heparin doses on the inflammatory response and coagulation system during and following CPB. Forty patients scheduled for elective coronary artery bypass surgery requiring CPB were randomized to either a low dose (300 U/kg) (Group L) or a high dose of unfractionated heparin (600 U/kg) (Group H). To evaluate the inflammatory response, proinflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 (IL-6)] were measured at four different times: before CPB (T0), 30 min after the institution of CPB (T1), 30 min after cross-clamp release (T2), and 4 h after the end of CPB (T3). Thrombin-antithrombin complex, platelet factor 4 and anti-activated factor X heparin concentrations were also measured. Patients in Group H received greater heparin (44.934 U versus 27.741 U, P < 0.001) and protamine (P = 0.003) doses. Postoperative blood loss and blood products transfusions were not significantly different in the groups. At T1, mean heparin plasma concentration was higher in Group H (P < 0.001). IL-6 was significantly lower in Group H compared with Group L (P = 0.01) only at T1. Using a mixed-effects statistical model, tumor necrosis factor-α and IL-6 levels were comparable regardless of the heparin dose. Thrombin-antithrombin complex levels were lower in Group H (P = 0.04) and platelet factor 4 levels were significantly lower in Group H at T2 (P = 0.04). Higher heparin doses were associated with higher heparin concentrations during CPB. A high heparin dose achieved a better preservation of the coagulation system with less thrombin formation and platelet activation. The heparin dose had small influence on proinflammatory cytokines release. © 2005 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Desenvolvimento e classifica??o de um radi?metro solar multifuncional
No full textMade available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:58:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2010-11-08Esse trabalho tem como objetivo o desenvolvimento de um prot?tipo port?til de um instrumento de medi??o da irradi?ncia solar com par?metros compar?veis aos radi?metros solares e instrumentos similares. Para tanto a metodologia empregada seguiu a NBR ISO/IEC 17025:2005. O radi?metro proposto tem como inova??o tecnol?gica a determina??o n?o s? da radia??o global e difusa, medidas nos equipamentos comerciais, mas tamb?m determinar os n?veis de radia??o Ultravioleta, Vis?vel, Infravermelha e ?ndice UV solar. Portanto, o radi?metro proposto poder? substituir um conjunto completo de radi?metros. Os ensaios de classifica??o do radi?metro proposto, segundo a ISO 9060:1990, apresentaram o tempo de resposta do sensor ? varia??o da intensidade de radia??o inferior a 15 segundos, a n?o necessidade de compensa??o do zero e o desvio percentual de 1,1% na N?o-linearidade para uma irradi?ncia de 500Wm-2. Adicionalmente, quanto a resposta ? temperatura, foram registradas varia??es do desvio padr?o percentual na irradi?ncia inferior a 1% para varia??es de 50?k na temperatura. A resposta ? inclina??o do prot?tipo foi adequada de -80? ? 80?, com erro inferior a 2,5% e a resposta direcional do radi?metro apresentou um erro m?ximo da resposta superior menor que 10%. O radi?metro desenvolvido apresenta seletividade espectral na regi?o do Ultravioleta, Vis?vel e no Infravermelho pr?ximo. Esses ensaios classificam o radi?metro multifuncional proposto como de 1? Classe para as regi?es do Ultravioleta e Vis?vel, sendo de 2? Classe para a regi?o do Infravermelho
Al-Sharif Al-Radi: His Life and Poetry
Get PDFThe aim of this work is to study al-Sharif al-Radl, his life and poetry. The first part deals with the poet’s environment and life; the second with his poetry. Chapter I deals with the political conditions under which the poet lived. The purpose of the second chapter is to portray Al-Radl's social environment and its reflection in contemporary poetry. The third chapter describes the literary environment of Al-Radl's age at some length. The fourth chapter aims to study Al-Radl's life in detail. The factors which influenced his outlook and personality are discussed. An attempt is made to discern how far these factors affected his poetry. The second part of this work deals with Al-Radl's poetry itself. In Chapter V historical observations are made on Al-Radl's Diwan o in both manuscript and published forms. Chapter VI deals with his panegyrics. General remarks are made on eulogy in Arabic poetry. The content, form and development of Al-Radl's panegyrical odes are analysed. His Ikhwaniyyat receive special attention. Chapter VII deals with Al-Radl's self-praise its content and form. An endeavour is made to explore the Utopian world which the poet tried to portray, Al-Radl's elegies (Ch. VIII). their content, form and characteristics are reviewed. In addition, his dirges on women receive attention. Shi ism in Al-Radl’s poetry is discussed in Chapter IX, Al-Radl’s love-poetry (Ch. X) is discussed. His Hijaziyyat receive particular attention. It is claimed that Al-Radl’s produced in his Hijaaiyyat a poetical amalgam which contains some aspects of ‘Udhrite and ’Umarite poetry. Chapter II deals with Al-Radl's poetical technique. His theories of poetical composition and his comments on other poets are examined. A comparison is made between Al-Radl and other poets both previous and contemporary. Special attention is paid to al-Mutanabbi's influence. In Chapter XII there is a broad re-assessment of Al-Radl’s place in the history of Arabic poetry
Molecular Mechanisms of Sexual Development
No full textGonadal cellular organization is very similar in all vertebrates, though different processes can trigger bipotential gonads to develop into either testes or ovaries. While mammals and birds, apart from some exceptions, show genetic sex determination (GSD), other animals, like turtles and crocodiles, express temperature-dependent sex determination. In some groups of animals, GSD can also be overridden by hormone or temperature influences, indicating how fragile this system can be. This review aims to explain the fundamental molecular mechanisms involved in mammalian GSD, mainly referring to mouse as a major model. Conceivably, other mammals might show a molecular mechanism different from the commonly investigated murine species
Forgetting RSPO1
No full textThis clinical condition, which is extremely rare, is very interesting
for researchers involved in studies regarding sex determination
processes, because the molecular analysis of such patients could
lead to the discovery of genes involved in testis differentiation in
the absence of the master gene SRY. Unfortunately, the article
includes a number of inaccuracies and omissions regarding the state
of the art on clinical features and genetic studies of this condition in
human patients and animal models. Consequently some aspects of it
ought to be revised or clarified
Maktabat Al Muthanna Baghdad Feb-May 1962
No full textOn the same date, Ali Al-Mansouri issued an official financial statement confirming that the Al-Khanji Foundation owed a total of 11.375.أصدر علي المنصوري بيانًا ماليًا رسميًا بتاريخ 25 نيسان 1962 يُفيد بأن مؤسسة الخانجي مدينة بمبلغ إجمالي قدره 11,375
Shear deformable beams in contact with an elastic half-plane
Get PDFThe present work deals with the contact problem of a Timoshenko beam bonded to an elastic semi-infinite substrate under different loading conditions. The analysis allows investigating the effects induced by shear compliance of the beam, the stress intensity factors ad the beam edges as well as the singular nature of the interfacial stresses
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